Study leads to milestone advances in understanding lethal bronzing of palm trees

Scientists have identified a key chemical associated with lethal bronzing (LB) infected palm trees. LB is a bacterial disease that kills more than 20 species of palm trees in the Southern United States and Caribbean and has been devastating the Florida green industries for nearly two decades.

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Cutting breakfast carbs can benefit people with Type 2 diabetes

Researchers suggest a simple tweak to the first meal of the day might help people living with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) better control their blood sugar levels. Switching from a traditional western-style low-fat breakfast, like oatmeal, toast and fruit, to a low-carb meal higher in protein and fat, like eggs with bacon or cheese, can help people with T2D better manage their blood sugar for most of the day.

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Cutting breakfast carbs can benefit people with Type 2 diabetes

Researchers suggest a simple tweak to the first meal of the day might help people living with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) better control their blood sugar levels. Switching from a traditional western-style low-fat breakfast, like oatmeal, toast and fruit, to a low-carb meal higher in protein and fat, like eggs with bacon or cheese, can help people with T2D better manage their blood sugar for most of the day.

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Actively reducing noise by ionizing air

Scientists show that a thin layer of plasma, created by ionizing air, could be promising as an active sound absorber, with applications in noise control and room acoustics.

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Using AI to create better, more potent medicines

While it can take years for the pharmaceutical industry to create medicines capable of treating or curing human disease, a new study suggests that using generative artificial intelligence could vastly accelerate the drug-development process.

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That's not nuts: Almond milk yogurt packs an overall greater nutritional punch than dairy-based

In a nutritional comparison of plant-based and dairy yogurts, almond milk yogurt came out on top, according to new research.

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New DNA testing technology shows majority of wild dingoes are pure, not hybrids

Genetic analysis shows dingo populations have significantly less dog ancestry than previously thought.

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Biological specimens imaged with X-rays without damage

Scientists have managed to image delicate biological structures without damaging them. Their new technique generates high resolution X-ray images of dried biological material that has not been frozen, coated, or otherwise altered beforehand -- all with little to no damage to the sample. This method, which is also used for airport baggage scanning, can generate images of the material at nanometer resolution.

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4,000-year-old plague DNA found -- the oldest cases to date in Britain

Researchers have identified three 4,000-year-old British cases of Yersinia pestis, the bacteria causing the plague -- the oldest evidence of the plague in Britain to date.

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Super low-cost smartphone attachment brings blood pressure monitoring to your fingertips

Engineers have developed a simple 3D-printed attachment that clips over a smartphone's camera and flash to measure blood pressure at the user's fingertip. The clip works with a custom smartphone app and currently costs about 80 cents to make. Researchers say it could help make regular blood pressure monitoring easy, affordable and accessible to people in resource-poor communities.

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Super low-cost smartphone attachment brings blood pressure monitoring to your fingertips

Engineers have developed a simple 3D-printed attachment that clips over a smartphone's camera and flash to measure blood pressure at the user's fingertip. The clip works with a custom smartphone app and currently costs about 80 cents to make. Researchers say it could help make regular blood pressure monitoring easy, affordable and accessible to people in resource-poor communities.

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Early toilets reveal dysentery in Old Testament Jerusalem

Study of 2,500-year-old latrines from the biblical Kingdom of Judah shows the ancient faeces within contain Giardia -- a parasite that can cause dysentery.

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Early toilets reveal dysentery in Old Testament Jerusalem

Study of 2,500-year-old latrines from the biblical Kingdom of Judah shows the ancient faeces within contain Giardia -- a parasite that can cause dysentery.

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Brain imaging is on the move with wearable scanning development

New research has demonstrated that a wearable brain scanner can measure brain function whilst people are standing and walking around. This breakthrough could help better understand and diagnose a range of neurological problems that affect movement, including Parkinson's Disease, stroke and concussion.

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Brain imaging is on the move with wearable scanning development

New research has demonstrated that a wearable brain scanner can measure brain function whilst people are standing and walking around. This breakthrough could help better understand and diagnose a range of neurological problems that affect movement, including Parkinson's Disease, stroke and concussion.

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Induction of a torpor-like state with ultrasound

Researchers induced a hibernation-like state in mice by using ultrasound to stimulate the hypothalamus preoptic area in the brain, which helps to regulate body temperature and metabolism. The findings show the first noninvasive and safe method to induce such a state; a similar condition has been previously proposed for spaceflight or for patients with life-threatening health conditions.

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Induction of a torpor-like state with ultrasound

Researchers induced a hibernation-like state in mice by using ultrasound to stimulate the hypothalamus preoptic area in the brain, which helps to regulate body temperature and metabolism. The findings show the first noninvasive and safe method to induce such a state; a similar condition has been previously proposed for spaceflight or for patients with life-threatening health conditions.

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Team develops new 'attacker' device to improve autonomous car safety

Researchers have devised a novel algorithm to identify areas for improvement in autonomous vehicle security.

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Researchers weave deeper understanding of diverse ancestry and gene expression

Researchers is the largest of its kind that focuses on ancestry correlations with biomedical traits and the first study to examine the role of genetic variants across diverse ancestries in regulating gene expression.

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Experimental drug inhibits or prevents diabetic eye disease

Researchers say they have evidence that an experimental drug may prevent or slow vision loss in people with diabetes. The results are from a study that used mouse as well as human retinal organoids and eye cell lines.

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Experimental drug inhibits or prevents diabetic eye disease

Researchers say they have evidence that an experimental drug may prevent or slow vision loss in people with diabetes. The results are from a study that used mouse as well as human retinal organoids and eye cell lines.

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Stretchable knee wearable offers insight into improving e-textiles for healthcare

Researchers developed a fully knitted, circuit-embedded knee wearable for wireless sensing of joint motion in real-time. Compared to other knitted electronics, this model has fewer externally integrated components and a more sensitive sensor, making it less error-prone.

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Afternoon exercise linked with greater improvements in blood sugar levels for patients with type 2 diabetes

A new study uses data from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study, a randomized controlled trial that compared an intensive lifestyle intervention with diabetes support and education in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity to track the development of cardiovascular disease over time.

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Your thoughts can harm your neck and back during lifting tasks

The mental distress of cognitive dissonance -- encountering information that conflicts with how we act or what we believe -- can lead to added pressure on the neck and low back during lifting and lowering tasks, new research suggests.

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Saving our soil: How to extend US breadbasket fertility for centuries

The Midwestern United States has lost 57.6 billion tons of topsoil due to farming practices over the past 160 years, and the rate of erosion, even following the U.S. Department of Agriculture's guidelines, is still 25 times higher than the rate at which topsoil forms. Yet, we need not despair: researchers recently reported that no-till farming, which is currently practiced on 40 percent of cropland acres in the Midwest, can extend our current level of soil fertility for the next several centuries. This has implications for everything from food security to climate-change mitigation.

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Growing blood stem cells in the lab to save lives

Researchers developed a new cell culture system for expanding human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory. The new system's culture medium is free of cytokines and albumin, once believed to be essential components for HSC growth. Using various molecular techniques, the team identified several chemicals that could activate necessary signaling pathways, stimulate cell proliferation, and support long-term HSC expansion. This work may help advance various HSC-related therapeutics in clinical development.

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Growing blood stem cells in the lab to save lives

Researchers developed a new cell culture system for expanding human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory. The new system's culture medium is free of cytokines and albumin, once believed to be essential components for HSC growth. Using various molecular techniques, the team identified several chemicals that could activate necessary signaling pathways, stimulate cell proliferation, and support long-term HSC expansion. This work may help advance various HSC-related therapeutics in clinical development.

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Quantum scientists accurately measure power levels one trillion times lower than usual

Scientists have developed a nanodevice that can measure the absolute power of microwave radiation down to the femtowatt level at ultra-low temperatures -- a scale trillion times lower than routinely used in verifiable power measurements. The device has the potential to significantly advance microwave measurements in quantum technology.

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Iron-rich rocks unlock new insights into Earth's planetary history

A new study suggests iron-rich ancient sediments may have helped cause some of the largest volcanic events in the planet's history.

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Living in an almshouse boosts life expectancy

Analysing up to 100 years' worth of residents' records from various almshouses in England, new research suggests that living in these communities can reduce the negative impact on health and social wellbeing which is commonly experienced by the older population in lower socioeconomic groups, particularly those individuals who are living in isolation.

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New chemical compound demonstrates potential in nerve regeneration

Recent research has identified a new compound that can stimulate nerve regeneration after injury, as well as protect cardiac tissue from the sort of damage seen in heart attack.

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A better way to match 3D volumes

Researchers developed an algorithm that can align two 3D shapes by mapping their volumes, which is more effective than other methods that align shapes by only mapping their surfaces.

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'Second-guessing' is a hard-wired behavior

Have you ever made a decision that, in hindsight, seemed irrational? A new study with mice, which could have implications for people, suggests that some decisions are, to a certain extent, beyond their control. Rather, the mice are hard-wired to make them.

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Designing synthetic receptors for precise cell control

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking new technique for engineering biosensors that respond sensitively to specific biomolecules, enhancing cell migration and targeting in cancer treatment. The findings could lead to more precise control over cellular processes for a wide range of therapeutic applications.

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Skin patch shows promise for toddlers with peanut allergy

A global phase 3 clinical trial found that a year-long immunotherapy through a skin patch safely desensitized toddlers with peanut allergy, lowering the risk of a severe allergic reaction from accidental exposure.

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You can satisfy your appetite just by looking at pictures of food on your phone

Danish experiment reveals: You can satisfy your appetite just by looking at pictures of food on your phone. The results may lead to a new form of treatment for overeating.

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What marsupials can teach us about brain development

Research has revealed features of early human brain development are mimicked in the brains of marsupials.

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Ready, set, go: New study shows how marathon running affects different foot muscles

Marathon running is a popular sport. However, long-distance running can weaken and damage foot muscles, leading to chronic pain and running-related injuries. A new study reveals that marathon running can reduce foot arch height, as well as induce damage to extrinsic foot muscles, which connect the lower leg and foot.

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Previous smallpox vaccine provides immunity to mpox

Vaccines against smallpox given until the mid-1970s offer continuing cross-reactive immunity to mpox (previously known as monkeypox), researchers report.

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Are we truly 'inattentionally blind'? New study revisits 'invisible gorilla' experiment for new insights

We are quite good at spotting unexpected objects while focused on another activity if they are moving fast, reveals a new study. The findings cast doubt on a long-standing view that our ability to see the unexpected is necessarily impaired when our attention is already directed elsewhere.

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Lessons from blockbusters to help teams adapt

Researchers argue that negative emotions -- if leveraged in the right way -- can help teams adapt. They make their case by dissecting scenes from three blockbuster movies, each of which represent a different type of team and threat.

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CT scan best at predicting heart disease risk in middle age

CT scans are better at predicting a middle-aged person's risk for a heart disease, such as a heart attack, than genetics, reports a new study. Conventional measures of risk factor levels include blood pressure and cholesterol. Scientists had hoped genetics could better predict risk than conventional measure, but only when considering CT scan, half the study participants moved into the high-risk group.

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CT scan best at predicting heart disease risk in middle age

CT scans are better at predicting a middle-aged person's risk for a heart disease, such as a heart attack, than genetics, reports a new study. Conventional measures of risk factor levels include blood pressure and cholesterol. Scientists had hoped genetics could better predict risk than conventional measure, but only when considering CT scan, half the study participants moved into the high-risk group.

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A deep underground lab could hold key to habitability on Mars

Tunnels deep underground in North Yorkshire are providing a unique opportunity to study how humans might be able to live and operate on the Moon or on Mars.

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New insights into the complex neurochemistry of ants

Ants' brains are amazingly sophisticated organs that enable them to coordinate complex behavior patterns such as the organization of colonies. Now, researchers have developed a method that allows them to study ants' brain chemistry and gain insights into the insects' neurobiological processes. The findings could help to explain the evolution of social behavior in the animal kingdom, and shed light on the biochemistry of certain hormone systems that have developed similarly in both ants and humans.

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Mind to molecules: Does brain's electrical encoding of information 'tune' sub-cellular structure?

Brain waves carry information. A new 'Cytoelectric Coupling' hypothesis posits that fluctuating electric fields optimize brain network efficiency and stability by shaping the brain's molecular infrastructure.

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Mind to molecules: Does brain's electrical encoding of information 'tune' sub-cellular structure?

Brain waves carry information. A new 'Cytoelectric Coupling' hypothesis posits that fluctuating electric fields optimize brain network efficiency and stability by shaping the brain's molecular infrastructure.

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Communities should reconsider walking away from curbside recycling, study shows

Researchers took a deep dive into the economic and environmental value of community recycling efforts and compared it to the value of other climate change mitigation practices, concluding it provides a return on investment.

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Limiting global warming to 1.5°C would save billions from dangerously hot climate

Current climate policies will leave more than a fifth of humanity exposed to dangerously hot temperatures by 2100, new research suggests.

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Blind trust in enhancement technologies encourages risk-taking even if the tech is a sham

A placebo effect can make users overconfident when they think tech is helping them.

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Engineers design sutures that can deliver drugs or sense inflammation

Engineers have designed tissue-derived 'smart' sutures that can not only hold tissue in place, but also detect inflammation and release drugs. The sutures are coated with hydrogels that can be embedded with sensors, drugs, or cells that release therapeutic molecules.

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How superbug A. baumannii survives metal stress and resists antibiotics

The deadly hospital pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii can live for a year on a hospital wall without food and water. Then, when it infects a vulnerable patient, it resists antibiotics as well as the body's built-in infection-fighting response. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes it as one of the three top pathogens in critical need of new antibiotic therapies. Now, an international team, led by Macquarie University researchers Dr. Ram Maharjan and Associate Professor Amy Cain, have discovered how the superbug can survive harsh environments and then rebound, causing deadly infections. They have found a single protein that acts as a master regulator. When the protein is damaged, the bug loses its superpowers allowing it to be controlled, in a lab setting. The research is published this month in Nucleic Acids Research.

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Oldest architectural plans detail mysterious desert mega structures

An international team of researchers identifies engravings in Jordan and Saudi Arabia as the oldest known building plans to The archaeological finds are 8,000 to 9,000 years old and depict nearby desert dragons -- huge prehistoric megastructures used. The findings will help us understand how desert dragons were conceived and built.

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Dementia study reveals how toxic proteins spread through brain

Fresh insights into the spread of damaging proteins that build up in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease could hold the key to stopping the condition progressing, a study says.

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Demystifying vortex rings in nuclear fusion, supernovae

Better understanding the formation of swirling, ring-shaped disturbances -- known as vortex rings -- could help nuclear fusion researchers compress fuel more efficiently, bringing it closer to becoming a viable energy source. A mathematical model linking these vortices with more pedestrian types, like smoke rings, could help engineers control their behavior in power generation and more.

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Adult friendships can triumph over childhood trauma, even in baboons

Drawing on 36 years of data, a new study of 199 baboons in southern Kenya finds that adversity early in life can take years off the lifespan, but strong social bonds with other baboons in adulthood can help get them back. Baboons who formed stronger social bonds -- measured as how often they groomed with their closest friends -- added 2.2 years to their lives, no matter what hardships they faced when they were younger.

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Chemical exposure may raise your risk for Parkinson's

Two years of heavy exposure to TCE, a liquid chemical that lingers in the air, water and soil, may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by 70%.

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Chemical exposure may raise your risk for Parkinson's

Two years of heavy exposure to TCE, a liquid chemical that lingers in the air, water and soil, may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by 70%.

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Rare tropical plant gains appetite for meat

Under certain circumstances, a rare tropical plant develops into a carnivore. A research team has now deciphered the mechanism responsible for this.

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Losing sleep over losing sleep: how watching the clock impacts insomnia, use of sleep aids

Watching the clock while trying to fall asleep exacerbates insomnia and the use of sleep aids, according to new research -- and a small change could help people sleep better.

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Losing sleep over losing sleep: how watching the clock impacts insomnia, use of sleep aids

Watching the clock while trying to fall asleep exacerbates insomnia and the use of sleep aids, according to new research -- and a small change could help people sleep better.

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Students positive towards AI, but uncertain about what counts as cheating

Students are positive towards AI tools such as ChatGPT in education, but 62 percent believe that using chatbots during exams is cheating. However, where the boundary for cheating lies is highly unclear.

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Brain-belly connection: Gut health may influence likelihood of developing Alzheimer's

A new study pinpoints 10 bacterial groups associated with Alzheimer's disease, provides new insights into the relationship between gut makeup and dementia.

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Brain-belly connection: Gut health may influence likelihood of developing Alzheimer's

A new study pinpoints 10 bacterial groups associated with Alzheimer's disease, provides new insights into the relationship between gut makeup and dementia.

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Metal-filtering sponge removes lead from water

Engineers have developed a new sponge that can remove metals -- including toxic heavy metals like lead and critical metals like cobalt -- from contaminated water, leaving safe, drinkable water behind. In proof-of-concept experiments, the researchers tested their new sponge on a highly contaminated sample of tap water, containing more than 1 part per million of lead. With one use, the sponge filtered lead to below detectable levels.

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Traditional medicine plant could combat drug-resistant malaria

Much of what is now considered modern medicine originated as folk remedies or traditional, Indigenous practices. These customs are still alive today, and they could help address a variety of conditions. Now, researchers have identified compounds in the leaves of a particular medicinal Labrador tea plant used throughout the First Nations of Nunavik, Canada, and demonstrated that one of them has activity against the parasite responsible for malaria.

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Assessing emotions in wild animals

A new study examines indicators of mental wellbeing in wild animals to improve conservation efforts.

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Robotic proxy brings remote users to life in real time

Researchers have developed a robot, called ReMotion, that occupies physical space on a remote user's behalf, automatically mirroring the user's movements in real time and conveying key body language that is lost in standard virtual environments.

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Paper refutes assertion that effects of bottom trawling on blue carbon can be compared to that of global air travel

A new paper refutes previous findings on the amount of CO2 released from the seabed by bottom trawling. The previous paper made significant headlines around the world on release in 2021, as it equated the carbon released by bottom trawling to be of a similar magnitude to the CO2 created by the global airline industry.

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Tetris reveals how people respond to unfair AI

An experiment in which two people play a modified version of Tetris revealed that players who get fewer turns perceived the other player as less likable, regardless of whether a person or an algorithm allocated the turns.

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Our thoughts alter our tactile perception

If we sincerely believe that our index finger is five times bigger than it really is, our sense of touch improves. Researchers demonstrated that this is the case in an experiment in which the participants were put under professional hypnosis. When the participants signaled that they understood the opposite hypnotic suggestion that their index finger was five times smaller than it actually was, their sense of touch deteriorated accordingly. The study shows that our tactile perception is affected and can be altered by our mental processes.

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Crops evolved by swapping genetic modules between cells

Comparing individual cells across corn, sorghum, and millet reveals evolutionary differences among these important cereal crops, according to a new study. The findings bring researchers closer to pinpointing which genes control important agricultural traits such as drought tolerance, which will help scientists faced with a changing climate adapt crops to drier environments.

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The brain reacts differently to touch depending on context

The touch of another person may increase levels of the 'feelgood' hormone oxytocin. But the context really matters. The situation impacts oxytocin levels not only in the moment, but also later.

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Best treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness

Researchers have found that the drug solriamfetol is the most effective treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) for people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

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Measurement of the Universe's expansion rate weighs in on a longstanding debate in physics and astronomy

A team used a first-of-its-kind technique to measure the expansion rate of the Universe, providing insight that could help more accurately determine the Universe's age and help physicists and astronomers better understand the cosmos.

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Astronomers find no young binary stars near Milky Way's black hole

Scientists analyzed over a decade's worth of data about 16 young supermassive stars orbiting the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Supermassive stars typically are formed in pairs, but the new study found that all 16 of the stars were singletons. The findings support a scenario in which the supermassive black hole drives nearby stars to either merge or be disrupted, with one of the pair being ejected from the system.

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The science of attraction: Why do we fall for certain people?

We're attracted to people who like the same things as us -- politics, music, books. But why? And could it mean we're judging those who aren't like us too harshly?

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African rhinos share retroviruses not found in Asian rhinos or other related species

Rhinoceros belong to a mammalian order called odd-toed ungulates that also include horses and tapirs. They are found in Africa and Asia. Until recently, evidence suggested that throughout their evolutionary history, gamma-retroviruses such as Murine leukemia virus had not colonized their genomes, unlike most other mammalian orders. The colonization process is called retroviral endogenization and has resulted in most mammalian genomes being comprised of up to ten percent retroviral like sequences.

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Research shows mobile phone users do not understand what data they might be sharing

Privacy and security features that aim to give consumers more control over the sharing of their data by smartphone apps are widely misunderstood, shows new research from the University of Bath's School of Management.

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Research shows mobile phone users do not understand what data they might be sharing

Privacy and security features that aim to give consumers more control over the sharing of their data by smartphone apps are widely misunderstood, shows new research from the University of Bath's School of Management.

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Human pangenome reference will enable more complete and equitable understanding of genomic diversity

Scientists have released a draft of the first human pangenome -- a new, usable reference for genomics that combines the genetic material of 47 individuals from different ancestral backgrounds to allow for a deeper, more accurate understanding of worldwide genomic diversity.

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Clearest snapshot of human genomic diversity

The human reference genome has always been a remarkable but flawed tool. A new 'pangenome' aims to correct its oversights and omissions.

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Water warming study shows unexpected impact on fish size

The theory that water-breathing animals such as fish will shrink due to global warming has been called into question by a new study.

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Tooth enamel provides clues to hunter-gatherer lifestyle of Neanderthals

A study has given an intriguing glimpse of the hunting habits and diets of Neanderthals and other humans living in western Europe.

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Human eyes really do play 'tricks' on the mind, say experts

A new study has shown that the human visual system can 'trick' the brain into making inaccurate assumptions about the size of objects in the world around them.

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Basic 'toolkit' for organ development is illuminated by sea star

One of the basic and crucial embryonic processes to unfold in virtually every living organism is the formation of hollow, tubular structures that go on to form blood vessels or a digestive tract, and through branching and differentiation, complex organs including the heart and kidneys. This study illuminates fundamental design principles of tubulogenesis for all chordates, including mammals.

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Nose shape gene inherited from Neanderthals

Humans inherited genetic material from Neanderthals that affects the shape of our noses, finds a new study.

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'Super-resolution' imaging technology

Researchers describe developing a super-resolution imaging platform technology to improve understanding of how nanoparticles interact within cells.

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Extracting the best flavor from coffee

Researchers explore the role of uneven coffee extraction using a simple mathematical model. They split the coffee into two regions to examine whether uneven flow does in fact make weaker espresso. One of the regions in the model system hosted more tightly packed coffee than the other, which caused an initial disparity in flow resistance. The extraction of coffee decreased the flow resistance further. Understanding the origin of uneven extraction and avoiding or preventing it could enable better brews and substantial financial savings by using coffee more efficiently.

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Extracting the best flavor from coffee

Researchers explore the role of uneven coffee extraction using a simple mathematical model. They split the coffee into two regions to examine whether uneven flow does in fact make weaker espresso. One of the regions in the model system hosted more tightly packed coffee than the other, which caused an initial disparity in flow resistance. The extraction of coffee decreased the flow resistance further. Understanding the origin of uneven extraction and avoiding or preventing it could enable better brews and substantial financial savings by using coffee more efficiently.

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An unprecedented view of gene regulation

Using a new technique, researchers have shown that they can map interactions between gene promoters and enhancers with 100 times higher resolution than has previously been possible.

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Large genetic changes that contribute to dementia risk identified

Scientists have identified new genetic risk factors for two types of non-Alzheimer's dementia. These findings detail how researchers identified large-scale DNA changes, known as structural variants, by analyzing thousands of DNA samples. The team discovered several structural variants that could be risk factors Lewy body dementia (LBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

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Researchers develop model for how the brain acquires essential omega-3 fatty acids

Researchers have developed a zebrafish model that provides new insight into how the brain acquires essential omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linolenic acid (ALA), with the potential to improve understanding of lipid transport across the blood-brain barrier and of disruptions in this process that can lead to birth defects or neurological conditions.

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Detailed image of the human retina

Researchers are creating a high-resolution atlas that depicts the development of the human retina. One technique they use is a new method that allows them to visualize more than 50 proteins simultaneously. The atlas helps scientists to better understand diseases.

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Researchers develop model for how the brain acquires essential omega-3 fatty acids

Researchers have developed a zebrafish model that provides new insight into how the brain acquires essential omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linolenic acid (ALA), with the potential to improve understanding of lipid transport across the blood-brain barrier and of disruptions in this process that can lead to birth defects or neurological conditions.

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The evolution of honey bee brains

Researchers have proposed a new model for the evolution of higher brain functions and behaviors in the Hymenoptera order of insects. The team compared the Kenyon cells, a type of neuronal cell, in the mushroom bodies (a part of the insect brain involved in learning, memory and sensory integration) of 'primitive' sawflies and sophisticated honey bees. They found that three diverse, specialized Kenyon cell subtypes in honey bee brains appear to have evolved from a single, multifunctional Kenyon cell-subtype ancestor. In the future, this research could help us better understand the evolution of some of our own higher brain functions and behaviors.

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The influence of AI on trust in human interaction

As AI becomes increasingly realistic, our trust in those with whom we communicate may be compromised. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have examined how advanced AI systems impact our trust in the individuals we interact with.

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Smart surgical implant coatings provide early failure warning while preventing infection

Newly developed 'smart' coatings for surgical orthopedic implants can monitor strain on the devices to provide early warning of implant failures while killing infection-causing bacteria, researchers report. The coatings integrate flexible sensors with a nanostructured antibacterial surface inspired by the wings of dragonflies and cicadas.

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Smart surgical implant coatings provide early failure warning while preventing infection

Newly developed 'smart' coatings for surgical orthopedic implants can monitor strain on the devices to provide early warning of implant failures while killing infection-causing bacteria, researchers report. The coatings integrate flexible sensors with a nanostructured antibacterial surface inspired by the wings of dragonflies and cicadas.

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Scientist uncovers roots of antibiotic resistance

Microbiologists have uncovered the evolutionary origins of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. His studies on the bacterium that causes cholera, Vibrio cholerae, provide insight into deciphering what conditions must occur for infectious agents to become resistant. He studied genetic variants of a protein found in bacterial membranes called OmpU. Using computational and molecular approaches, his team found that several OmpU mutations in the cholera bacteria led to resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents. This resistance included antimicrobial peptides that act as defenses in the human gut.

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Researchers develop manual for engineering spin dynamics in nanomagnets

An international team of researchers has developed a comprehensive manual for engineering spin dynamics in nanomagnets -- an important step toward advancing spintronic and quantum-information technologies.

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'Black sheep' of helper T cells may hold key to precision allergy treatment

A new study sheds light on how a rare type of helper T cell, called Th9, can drive allergic disease, suggesting new precision medicine approaches to treating allergies in patients with high levels of Th9.

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Archaeologists map hidden NT landscape where first Australians lived more than 60,000 years ago

Scientists have used sub-surface imaging and aerial surveys to see through floodplains in the Red Lily Lagoon area of West Arnhem Land in Australia. These ground-breaking methods showed how this important landscape in the Northern Territory was altered as sea levels rose about 8,000 years ago.

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Scientists begin to unravel global role of atmospheric dust in nourishing oceans

New research begins to unravel the role dust plays in nourishing global ocean ecosystems while helping regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

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Gutless marine worms on a Mediterranean diet: Animals can synthesize phytosterols

Phytosterols are good for your health, but humans and other animals are not able to make them themselves, only plants can. To acquire phytosterols, humans are increasingly turning to supplements, green smoothies, or a Mediterranean diet with plenty of plant-based foods. Researchers have now discovered that tiny gutless worms from the Mediterranean can synthesize phytosterols on their own. Their study provides evidence that many other animals also have the genes needed to make their own phytosterols.

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Neuropathic pain: The underlying mechanism and a potential therapeutic target are revealed in mice

Neuropathic pain -- abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli -- is associated with impaired quality of life and is often poorly managed. Estimates suggest that 3 percent to 17 percent of adults suffer from neuropathic pain, including a quarter of people with diabetes and a third of people with HIV. Researchers report that a mechanism involving the enzyme Tiam1 in dorsal horn excitatory neurons of the spinal cord both initiates and maintains neuropathic pain. Moreover, they show that targeting spinal Tiam1 with anti-sense oligonucleotides injected into the cerebrospinal fluid effectively alleviated neuropathic pain hypersensitivity.

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Cellular traffic controllers caught managing flow of signals from receptors

Proteins that act like air traffic controllers, managing the flow of signals in and out of human cells, have been observed for the first time with unprecedented detail using advanced microscopy techniques. New findings could inform the development of better drugs for pain relief, diabetes or heart failure.

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Neuropathic pain: The underlying mechanism and a potential therapeutic target are revealed in mice

Neuropathic pain -- abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli -- is associated with impaired quality of life and is often poorly managed. Estimates suggest that 3 percent to 17 percent of adults suffer from neuropathic pain, including a quarter of people with diabetes and a third of people with HIV. Researchers report that a mechanism involving the enzyme Tiam1 in dorsal horn excitatory neurons of the spinal cord both initiates and maintains neuropathic pain. Moreover, they show that targeting spinal Tiam1 with anti-sense oligonucleotides injected into the cerebrospinal fluid effectively alleviated neuropathic pain hypersensitivity.

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Alternative 'fuel' for string-shaped motors in cells

Researchers discover a unique two-component molecular motor that uses a kind of renewable chemical energy to pull vesicles toward membrane-bound organelles.

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How seaweed has been misleading scientists about reef health

For decades, scientists have used the amount of seaweed at the ocean's surface as a proxy for the health of coral reefs below. However, a new global study of more than 1,200 marine locations over a 16-year period reveals that this approach has been misleading -- and may even have hidden signs of reef stress.

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Alternative 'fuel' for string-shaped motors in cells

Researchers discover a unique two-component molecular motor that uses a kind of renewable chemical energy to pull vesicles toward membrane-bound organelles.

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Do people and monkeys see colors the same way?

New findings in color vision research imply that humans can perceive a greater range of blue tones than monkeys do. Distinct connections found in the human retina may indicate recent evolutionary adaptations for sending enhanced color vision signals from the eye to the brain.

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New tusk-analysis techniques reveal surging testosterone in male woolly mammoths

Traces of sex hormones extracted from a woolly mammoth's tusk provide the first direct evidence that adult males experienced musth, a testosterone-driven episode of heightened aggression against rival males, according to a new study.

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Fundamentals of water as a solvent could lead to greener cellulose-based products

Water can change its solubility characteristics depending upon what it interacts with.

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Scientists find link between photosynthesis and 'fifth state of matter'

A new study has found links at the atomic level between photosynthesis and exciton condensates -- a strange state of physics that allows energy to flow frictionlessly through a material. The finding is scientifically intriguing and may suggest new ways to think about designing electronics, the authors said.

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To boost cancer immunotherapy's fighting power, look to the gut

Immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment, but not all patients experience the same benefit when treated. New research in mice identifies how gut bacteria alter the body's response to a common form of cancer immunotherapy. The animals' gut microbiota lowered the expression of two immune molecules, one previously unknown to play a role in cancer. • Using antibodies to block the activity of either molecule, or the interplay between them, enhanced response to cancer immunotherapy. • The findings can inform the design of treatments that boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy among patients with suboptimal response.

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A stormy, active sun may have kickstarted life on Earth

The first building blocks of life on Earth may have formed thanks to eruptions from our Sun, a new study finds. A series of chemical experiments show how solar particles, colliding with gases in Earth's early atmosphere, can form amino acids and carboxylic acids, the basic building blocks of proteins and organic life.

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Joyful music could be a game changer for virtual reality headaches

Listening to music could reduce the dizziness, nausea and headaches virtual reality users might experience after using digital devices, research suggests. Cybersickness -- a type of motion sickness from virtual reality experiences such as computer games -- significantly reduces when joyful music is part of the immersive experience, the study found. The intensity of the nausea-related symptoms of cybersickness was also found to substantially decrease with both joyful and calming music.

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'Zero plant extinction' is possible, says plant ecologist

Like animals, many plant species are struggling to adapt to a human-dominated planet. However, plants are often overlooked in conservation efforts, even though they are cheaper and easier to protect than animals and play a pivotal role in bolstering our food, fuel, and medical systems. A plant ecologist suggests an approach for preventing all future land plant extinctions across the globe which includes training more plant experts, building an online 'metaherbarium,' and creating 'microreserves.'

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Oil and gas infrastructure hurting nesting birds in globally important breeding area in arctic Alaska

A new study that analyzed 17 years of migratory bird-nesting data in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, revealed that nest survival decreased significantly near high-use oil and gas infrastructure and its related noise, dust, traffic, air pollution, and other disturbances.

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Oil and gas infrastructure hurting nesting birds in globally important breeding area in arctic Alaska

A new study that analyzed 17 years of migratory bird-nesting data in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, revealed that nest survival decreased significantly near high-use oil and gas infrastructure and its related noise, dust, traffic, air pollution, and other disturbances.

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Plastic particles themselves, not just chemical additives, can alter sex hormones

A new study used a pioneering technique to deliver endocrine-disrupting aerosolized micro-nano-plastics to female lab rats.

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The reasons why insect numbers are decreasing

Researchers are investigating the causes and consequences of the worldwide insect decline as well as considering potential countermeasures.

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Scientists identify antivirals that could combat emerging infectious diseases

A new study has identified potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents that can target multiple families of RNA viruses that continue to pose a significant threat for future pandemics.

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Study finds ChatGTP outperforms physicians in providing high-quality, empathetic advice to patient questions

A new study provides an early glimpse into the role that AI assistants could play in medicine. The research compared written responses from physicians with those from ChatGPT to real-world health questions. A panel of licensed healthcare professionals preferred ChatGPT's responses 79% of the time.

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Mammalian evolution provides hints for understanding the origins of human disease

Even though it is important to know where these variations are located in the genome, it's also useful to know how or why these genetic variations happened in the first place.

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Mammalian evolution provides hints for understanding the origins of human disease

Even though it is important to know where these variations are located in the genome, it's also useful to know how or why these genetic variations happened in the first place.

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