Study discovers triple immunotherapy combination as possible treatment for pancreatic cancer

Researchers have discovered a novel immunotherapy combination, targeting checkpoints in both T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, that successfully reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and significantly improved anti-tumor responses in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.

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Study discovers triple immunotherapy combination as possible treatment for pancreatic cancer

Researchers have discovered a novel immunotherapy combination, targeting checkpoints in both T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, that successfully reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and significantly improved anti-tumor responses in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.

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Eye scratching mechanisms in rats

Researchers investigate the neurological signals behind itchy eyes in rodents and their corresponding scratching behavior.

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Singing supports stroke rehabilitation

Language function and the psychosocial wellbeing of patients and their families can be promoted with singing-based rehabilitation. Group intervention provides opportunities for peer support while being simultaneously cost effective.

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Multi-institutional collaboration unveiling the mysteries of senescent cells and their effect on aging and human health

Researchers are bridging mouse and human data to reveal the biology of senescent cells. Senescent cells stop dividing in response to stressors and seemingly have a role to play in human health and the aging process. Recent research with mice suggests that clearing senescent cells delays the onset of age-related dysfunction and disease as well as all-cause mortality. 

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Multi-institutional collaboration unveiling the mysteries of senescent cells and their effect on aging and human health

Researchers are bridging mouse and human data to reveal the biology of senescent cells. Senescent cells stop dividing in response to stressors and seemingly have a role to play in human health and the aging process. Recent research with mice suggests that clearing senescent cells delays the onset of age-related dysfunction and disease as well as all-cause mortality. 

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Tissue-specific immunity may be the future, if we can first learn its rules

A new study reveals critical insights into the complex biology of tissue-specific T cells, paving the way for a new branch of precision therapeutics in immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.

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Tissue-specific immunity may be the future, if we can first learn its rules

A new study reveals critical insights into the complex biology of tissue-specific T cells, paving the way for a new branch of precision therapeutics in immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.

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New biomarker test can detect Alzheimer's neurodegeneration in blood

The biomarker, called 'brain-derived tau,' or BD-tau, outperforms current blood diagnostic tests used to detect Alzheimer's-related neurodegeneration clinically. It is specific to Alzheimer's disease and correlates well with Alzheimer's neurodegeneration biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid. Scientists hope that monitoring blood levels of BD-tau could facilitate screening and enrollment of patients from populations that historically haven't been included in research cohorts.

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Skiing over Christmas holidays no longer guaranteed -- even with snow guns

For many people, holidays in the snow are as much a part of the end of the year as Christmas trees and fireworks. As global warming progresses, however, white slopes are becoming increasingly rare. Researchers have calculated how well one of Switzerland's largest ski resorts will remain snow reliable with technical snow-making by the year 2100, and how much water this snow will consume.

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Spontaneous baby movements have purpose

Spontaneous, random baby movements aid development of their sensorimotor system, according to new research. Detailed motion capture of newborns and infants was combined with a musculoskeletal computer model, to enable researchers to analyze communication among muscles and sensation across the whole body. Researchers found patterns of muscle interaction developing based on the babies' random exploratory behavior, that would later enable them to perform sequential movements as infants. Better understanding how our sensorimotor system develops could help us gain insight into the origin of human movement as well as earlier diagnosis of developmental disorders.

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Bering Land Bridge formed surprisingly late during last ice age

A new study that reconstructs the history of sea level at the Bering Strait shows that the Bering Land Bridge connecting Asia to North America did not emerge until around 35,700 years ago, less than 10,000 years before the height of the last ice age (known as the Last Glacial Maximum). The findings indicate that the growth of the ice sheets -- and the resulting drop in sea level -- occurred surprisingly quickly and much later in the glacial cycle than previous studies had suggested.

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Wafer-thin device has potential to transform the field of islet cell transplantation

A quarter-sized device could drastically alter the course of treatment for Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition that impacts millions of Americans and does not have a cure.

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Wafer-thin device has potential to transform the field of islet cell transplantation

A quarter-sized device could drastically alter the course of treatment for Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition that impacts millions of Americans and does not have a cure.

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Rewriting the textbook on gene regulation: It's the big picture that counts

Researchers have shown that changes in gene expression happen almost entirely during the transcription stage while the cells are growing. The researchers have provided a simple quantitative formula linking regulatory control to mRNA and protein levels.

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Rewriting the textbook on gene regulation: It's the big picture that counts

Researchers have shown that changes in gene expression happen almost entirely during the transcription stage while the cells are growing. The researchers have provided a simple quantitative formula linking regulatory control to mRNA and protein levels.

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Cellular messengers improve cancer therapy

Nano-sized membrane bubbles known as extracellular vesicles activate the immune system in mice and seem to render their tumors sensitive to a type of immunotherapy drug called a checkpoint inhibitor.

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First test of anti-cancer agent PAC-1 in human clinical trials shows promise

A phase I clinical trial of PAC-1, a drug that spurs programmed cell death in cancer cells, found only minor side effects in patients with end-stage cancers. The drug stalled the growth of tumors in the five people in the trial with neuroendocrine cancers and reduced tumor size in two of those patients. It also showed some therapeutic activity against sarcomas, scientists and clinicians report.

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Mediterranean diet linked to lower preeclampsia risk

In a new study evaluating the Mediterranean diet and adverse pregnancy outcomes, investigators from the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai found that women who conceived while adhering to the anti-inflammatory diet had a significantly lower risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy.

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New drug offers hope for people with hand osteoarthritis

A new study has identified that Talarozole, a drug that is known to increase retinoic acid, was able to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) in disease models.

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Male gender bias deters men from some career paths

Men are less likely to seek careers in early education and some other fields traditionally associated with women because of male gender bias in those fields.

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Evidence of horizontal gene transfer between human maternal microbiome and infant gut microbiome

Researchers have discovered a new mode of vertical mother-to-infant microbiome transmission, where microbes in the maternal gut shared genes with microbes in the infant gut during the perinatal period starting immediately before birth and extending thought the first few weeks after birth. This horizontal gene transfer allowed maternal microbial strains to influence the functional capacity of the infant microbiome, in the absence of persistent transmission of the microbial strains themselves.

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Scientists identify neural circuit that enables self-localization in zebrafish

A multiregional brain circuit allows larval zebrafish to track where they are, where they've been, and how to get back to their original location after being displaced, researchers report. The results shed light on how vertebrates track their displacements to later return to previous locations.

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Finding hidden regularities in nature: Researchers apply deep learning to X-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an essential technique to identify the structures and compositions of newly developed materials. However, XRD patterns consist of multiple peaks, and it is not always possible to judge which ones are relevant to describe the features of the material. Researchers have recently proposed a neural network that uses the auto-encoder technique to permit the in-depth analysis of XRD patterns to reveal features that might not be identified by humans.

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Hunter-gatherer social ties spread pottery-making far and wide

Analysis of more than 1,200 vessels from hunter-gatherer sites has shown that pottery-making techniques spread vast distances over a short period of time through social traditions being passed on.

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Researchers use 3D bioprinting to create eye tissue

Scientists used patient stem cells and 3D bioprinting to produce eye tissue that will advance understanding of the mechanisms of blinding diseases. The research team printed a combination of cells that form the outer blood-retina barrier--eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

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Scientists find key reason why loss of smell occurs in long COVID-19

The reason some people fail to recover their sense of smell after COVID-19 is linked to an ongoing immune assault on olfactory nerve cells and an associated decline in the number of those cells, scientists report.

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Scientists find key reason why loss of smell occurs in long COVID-19

The reason some people fail to recover their sense of smell after COVID-19 is linked to an ongoing immune assault on olfactory nerve cells and an associated decline in the number of those cells, scientists report.

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COVID-19 booster increases durability of antibody response, research shows

A booster, researchers report, made for longer-lasting antibodies for all recipients, even those who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection.

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COVID-19 booster increases durability of antibody response, research shows

A booster, researchers report, made for longer-lasting antibodies for all recipients, even those who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection.

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Brain circuit that converts spatial goals to escape actions discovered

Researchers have revealed a brain mechanism that mice use to instinctively escape to shelter when faced with a threat. This is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to find such a clear link between spatial goals and actions.

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Radiation damage to paternal DNA is passed on to offspring

Damage to the paternal genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans cannot be repaired and is instead passed on to its offspring, while the female egg repairs or limits the damage.

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What constitutes teacher expertise? New research points to the answer

Research has identified key characteristics and practices of expert teachers.

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Acids help against airborne viruses

A new study shows that aerosols in indoor air can vary in acidity. This acidity determines how long viruses remain infectious in the air -- with profound implications for virus transmission and strategies to contain it.

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Acids help against airborne viruses

A new study shows that aerosols in indoor air can vary in acidity. This acidity determines how long viruses remain infectious in the air -- with profound implications for virus transmission and strategies to contain it.

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Potentially deadly infection has dangerous ally lurking in our guts

New research reveals how microorganisms in our guts can worsen dangerous C. difficile infections. The discovery could help doctors identify patients at risk for severe illness and open the door to new treatments.

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More than fun and games: Celebrations can benefit your health and well-being

Making an intentional effort to recognize positive life events and achievements while gathering for food and drink will leave you feeling more socially supported, new research shows.

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Enzyme inhibition promotes bone formation and curbs the development of bone metastases

In our bones, specialized cells called osteoblasts are responsible for building up bone substance. A team of researchers has now identified an enzyme that controls the activity of osteoblasts. An agent that inhibits the activity of this enzyme reduced cancer-related bone loss and the number of bone metastases in multiple myeloma and in lung and breast cancer models in mice.

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Network neuroscience theory best predictor of intelligence

Scientists have labored for decades to understand how brain structure and functional connectivity drive intelligence. A new analysis offers the clearest picture yet of how various brain regions and neural networks contribute to a person's problem-solving ability in a variety of contexts, a trait known as general intelligence, researchers report.

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Child body weight has limited effects on mood and behavioral disorders

Childhood body mass index is unlikely to have a big impact on children's mood or behavioural disorders, according to a new study.

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Orangutan communication sheds light on human speech origins

Research finds orangutans communicate using a complex repertoire of consonant-like calls, more so than African apes. Previous research has only linked the evolution of human language with the voiced-vowel sounds produced by non-human primates, despite human language being composed of vowel and consonant sounds. Orangutans' tree-dwelling nature means they use their mouth, lips and jaw as a 'fifth hand', unlike ground-dwelling African apes. Their sophisticated use of their mouths, mean orangutans communicate using a rich variety of consonant sounds.

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Humans continue to evolve with the emergence of new genes

Modern humans evolutionarily split from our chimpanzee ancestors nearly 7 million years ago, yet we are continuing to evolve. 155 new genes have been identified within the human lineage that spontaneously arose from tiny sections of our DNA. Some of these new genes date back to the ancient origin of mammals, with a few of these 'microgenes' predicted to be associated with human-specific diseases.

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Early forests did not significantly change the atmospheric CO2

Scientists have discovered that the atmosphere contained far less CO2 than previously thought when forests emerged on our planet, the new study has important implications for understanding how land plants affect the climate.

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New winged robot can land like a bird

Researchers have developed a method that allows a flapping-wing robot to land autonomously on a horizontal perch using a claw-like mechanism. The innovation could significantly expand the scope of robot-assisted tasks.

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Wearable skin patch monitors hemoglobin in deep tissues

A team of engineers has developed a photoacoustic patch that can monitor biomolecules in deep tissues, including hemoglobin. It can perform 3D mapping of hemoglobin with a submillimeter spatial resolution in deep tissues, down to centimeters below the skin, versus other wearable electrochemical devices that only sense the biomolecules on the skin surface.

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Wearable skin patch monitors hemoglobin in deep tissues

A team of engineers has developed a photoacoustic patch that can monitor biomolecules in deep tissues, including hemoglobin. It can perform 3D mapping of hemoglobin with a submillimeter spatial resolution in deep tissues, down to centimeters below the skin, versus other wearable electrochemical devices that only sense the biomolecules on the skin surface.

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Immune surprise: Recently evolved alarm molecule drives inflammation

Scientists have made an important breakthrough in understanding how inflammation is regulated. They have just discovered that a key immune alarm protein previously believed to calm down the immune response actually does the opposite. Their work has numerous potential impacts, especially in the context of understanding and responding to autoimmune disorders and inflammation.

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Climate change played key role in dinosaur success story

Climate change, rather than competition, played a key role in the ascendancy of dinosaurs through the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic periods.

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Researchers have identified the origins of serious illness in children

The origins of the serious cancer-like disease LCH have been identified by researchers. The findings may lead to new, targeted treatments.

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Study examines bacteria living in and on mosquitoes

Avoiding mosquitoes to protect against bites is always a good idea. But a new study shows that the bacteria-ridden exteriors of mosquitoes may be another reason to arm yourself with a swatter.

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Atomic structure of a staphylococcal bacteriophage using cryo-electron microscopy

Cryo-electron microscopy has exposed the structure of a bacterial virus with unprecedented detail. This is the first structure of a virus able to infect Staphylococcus epidermidis, and high-resolution knowledge of structure is a key link between viral biology and potential therapeutic use of the virus to quell bacterial infections.

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Study examines bacteria living in and on mosquitoes

Avoiding mosquitoes to protect against bites is always a good idea. But a new study shows that the bacteria-ridden exteriors of mosquitoes may be another reason to arm yourself with a swatter.

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Drug combination for stage IV melanoma shows success in trial

A new study examined the combination of the common immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a chemotherapy drug that targets myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Researchers found that the drug combination is effective, with an overall response rate of 71%. Fifty percent of patients experienced a complete response, and the one-year overall survival rate was 80%.

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Patterns of lifespan weight gain/loss may predict dementia risk

Dementia is a growing global public health concern currently affecting 50 million people and is expected to rise dramatically to more than 150 million cases worldwide by 2050. Obesity, commonly measured by body mass index (BMI), continues to be a global epidemic and earlier studies suggested that obesity at midlife may lead to increased risk for dementia. But the association between BMI and the risk of dementia remains unclear. Now, researchers have found that different patterns of BMI changes over one's life course may be an indicator of a person's risk for dementia.

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Scientists discover what was on the menu of the first dinosaurs

The earliest dinosaurs included carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous species, according to a team of palaeobiologists.

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Physician, heal thyself?

Doctors and their family members are less likely than other people to comply with guidelines for taking medication, according to a new study.

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Some claim culture affects our basic visual perception

Past research has suggested that people's cultural differences may result in differences in basic visual perception. New research found no evidence that these differences play a significant role in how participants performed a basic visual task. The findings lend support to the idea that basic mechanisms of visual perception are universal.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221215191631.htm

Octopuses may link evolution of complex life to genetic 'dark matter'

Researchers reported that octopuses are the first known invertebrates to show an increase over evolutionary time in microRNAs, which are gene-regulating molecules linked to the development of advanced cells and cognition in humans, mammals and other vertebrates. When combined with the known intelligence of octopuses, the findings provide crucial support for the theory that microRNAs are key to the evolution of intelligent life.

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Researchers develop wireless, ultrathin 'Skin VR' to provide a vivid, 'personalized' touch experience in the virtual world

Enhancing the virtual experience with the touch sensation has become a hot topic, but today's haptic devices remain typically bulky and tangled with wires. Researchers have now developed an advanced wireless haptic interface system, called WeTac, worn on the hand, which has soft, ultrathin soft features, and collects personalized tactile sensation data to provide a vivid touch experience in the metaverse.

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Frequent genetic cause of late-onset ataxia

A new study reports the identification of a previously unknown genetic cause of a late-onset cerebellar ataxia, a discovery that will improve diagnosis and open new treatment avenues for this progressive condition.

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Astronomers discover clues about stellar 'glitching'

Astronomers have found a way to peer into the physics of some of the brightest stars in the sky.

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Light from outside our galaxy brighter than expected

Scientists analyzed new measurements showing that the light emitted by stars outside our galaxy is two to three times brighter than the light from known populations of galaxies, challenging assumptions about the number and environment of stars are in the universe.

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Plastic pollution kills sea urchin larvae

Sea urchin larvae raised in high levels of plastic pollution die due to developmental abnormalities, new research shows.

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New immune target to treat cardiovascular disease discovered

Researchers have uncovered a protein produced by the immune system, suPAR, that causes atherosclerosis . Investigators say it's the first immune target to treat cardiovascular disease, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide. Researchers believe treatment could be developed within five years.

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Activated vitamin D3 treatment may reduce the risk of arsenic-mediated skin cancer

Millions of people across the globe regularly consume arsenic-contaminated water. Exposure to arsenic has previously been associated with the development of various cancers including skin cancer. Research on the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis remains sparse. Using in vitro studies, researchers demonstrate how calcitriol, or activated vitamin D3, inhibits arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis in certain types of skin cells known as 'keratinocytes.'

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Activated vitamin D3 treatment may reduce the risk of arsenic-mediated skin cancer

Millions of people across the globe regularly consume arsenic-contaminated water. Exposure to arsenic has previously been associated with the development of various cancers including skin cancer. Research on the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis remains sparse. Using in vitro studies, researchers demonstrate how calcitriol, or activated vitamin D3, inhibits arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis in certain types of skin cells known as 'keratinocytes.'

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New robot does 'the worm' when temperature changes

A new gelatinous robot that crawls, powered by nothing more than temperature change and clever design, brings 'a kind of intelligence' to the field of soft robotics.

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Early humans may have first walked upright in the trees

Human bipedalism -- walking upright on two legs -- may have evolved in trees, and not on the ground as previously thought, according to a new study.

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New study sheds light on boric acid transport and excretion in marine fish

Seawater is known to contain a significant concentration of boric acid, which can be toxic and deadly to living systems. As such, fish living in marine habitats need to be able to excrete boric acid in order to maintain a healthy boron balance. Researchers have now identified the gene and mechanism of boric acid transport in seawater fish and contrasted it to freshwater species.

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Are people with cluster headaches more likely to have other illnesses?

People with cluster headaches may be more than three times more likely to have other medical conditions such as heart disease, mental disorders and other neurologic diseases, according to a new study.

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Ebola vaccine regimens safe, immunogenic in adults and children

Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating three Ebola vaccine administration strategies in adults and children found that all the regimens were safe in both age groups, according to new results. Antibodies were produced in response to the vaccine regimens beginning at 14 days after the first vaccination and continued to be detectable at varying levels -- depending on the vaccine and regimen used -- in both children and adults for one year. The study enrolled volunteers at sites in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Mali to identify optimal vaccination strategies to curtail outbreaks of Ebola virus disease.

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Blood-based metabolic signature outperforms standard method for predicting diet, disease risk

Researchers have found a method using molecular profiling and machine learning to develop blood-based dietary signatures that more accurately assess diet and predict the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. They say the metabolic snapshot could allow those studying food science to better understand the implications of diet and nutrition on health.

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Patients with treatment resistant depression at higher risk of early death

Patients with treatment resistant depression have a 23 per cent higher risk of death than other depressed patients. They also have twice as much outpatient care and spend three times the number of days in inpatient care.

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Gut microbes can boost the motivation to exercise

Some species of gut-dwelling bacteria activate nerves in the gut to promote the desire to exercise, according to a study in mice. The study reveals the gut-to-brain pathway that explains why some bacteria boost exercise performance.

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Not-so private eyes: Eye movements hold clues to how we make decisions

New findings from mechanical engineers could, one day, help doctors screen patients for illnesses like depression or Parkinson's Disease.

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A Mediterranean diet not only boosts health, but also improves fertility

With an emphasis on fruits, vegetables and legumes, the Mediterranean diet has long been applauded for its multiple health benefits. Now, new research shows that it may also help overcome infertility, making it a non-intrusive and affordable strategy for couples trying to conceive.

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CRISPR technology improves Huntington's disease symptoms in models

By directly targeting RNA, researchers were able to eliminate toxic protein buildup that causes the progressive neurodegenerative condition while not significantly disrupting other human genes.

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Who is more prone to recurrent UTIs? Bladder bacteria may be key

Researchers have identified specific bacteria in the bladder that may indicate which postmenopausal women are more susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and they found that estrogen may play a role in reducing that susceptibility.

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Light therapy relieves fatigue syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is almost always accompanied by fatigue, a massive tiredness that is described by the vast majority of patients as the most distressing symptom. In a recent scientific study, a research group identified light therapy as a promising non-drug treatment option: patients included in the study showed a measurable improvement after just 14 days of use.

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Cellular 'glue' to regenerate tissues, heal wounds, regrow nerves

Researchers have engineered molecules that act like 'cellular glue,' allowing them to direct in precise fashion how cells bond with each other. The discovery represents a major step toward building tissues and organs, a long-sought goal of regenerative medicine.

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Could insulin come in a pill? How a molecule that mimics insulin may advance diabetes research

Researchers have answered a 100-year-old question in diabetes research: can a molecule different to insulin have the same effect? The findings provide important insights for the future development of an oral insulin pill.

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Experimental cancer therapy shows success in more than 70% of patients in global clinical trials

A new therapy that makes the immune system kill bone marrow cancer cells was successful in as many as 73 percent of patients in two clinical trials.

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Experimental cancer therapy shows success in more than 70% of patients in global clinical trials

A new therapy that makes the immune system kill bone marrow cancer cells was successful in as many as 73 percent of patients in two clinical trials.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/fMlR45U

Researchers find missing piece of the asthma puzzle

'This is a very striking and significant result that essentially separates LIGHT from any of the other inflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in the process in severe asthmatics.'

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Researchers find missing piece of the asthma puzzle

'This is a very striking and significant result that essentially separates LIGHT from any of the other inflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in the process in severe asthmatics.'

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Life-saving light beam to detect malaria

A fast, needle-free malaria detection tool could help save hundreds of thousands of lives annually.

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Aging is driven by unbalanced genes

In a new study, researchers used artificial intelligence to analyze data from a wide variety of tissues, collected from humans, mice, rats and killifish. They discovered that the length of genes can explain most molecular-level changes that occur during aging.

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Life-saving light beam to detect malaria

A fast, needle-free malaria detection tool could help save hundreds of thousands of lives annually.

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Assessing El Nino 'flavors' to unravel past variability, future impact

By assessing so-called 'flavors' of El Nino events in past climate records and model simulations, researchers have a clearer picture of El Nino patterns over the past 12,000 years and are able to more accurately project future changes and impacts of this powerful force.

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Computational system streamlines the design of fluidic devices

Researchers have developed a computational optimization pipeline that can automatically design a fluidic device to meet specific objectives, without requiring a user to make assumptions about the device's shape in advance. This could make the design process faster and cheaper, while opening the door to novel designs that would be difficult for engineers to define manually.

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How AI found the words to kill cancer cells

Using new machine learning techniques, researchers have developed a virtual molecular library of thousands of 'command sentences' for cells, based on combinations of 'words' that guided engineered immune cells to seek out and tirelessly kill cancer cells.

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Genetic vulnerability to ADHD signals risk of Alzheimer's disease in old age

Genetic predisposition to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder can predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease later in life, study finds.

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Astronomers report most distant known galaxies, detected and confirmed

Astronomers have discovered the earliest and most distant galaxies confirmed to date using data from the James Webb Space Telescope. The telescope captured light emitted by these galaxies more than 13.4 billion years ago, which means the galaxies date back to less than 400 million years after the Big Bang, when the universe was only 2 percent of its current age.

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Curved spacetime in the lab

In a laboratory experiment, researchers have succeeded in realizing an effective spacetime that can be manipulated. In their research on ultracold quantum gases, they were able to simulate an entire family of curved universes to investigate different cosmological scenarios and compare them with the predictions of a quantum field theoretical model.

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Long-term hearing loss treatment

The researchers looked closer into the possibility of reprograming inner ear cells to repair long-term hearing loss.

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Estrogen may offer protection against delirium

Delirium is common among women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) -- especially those who have experienced menopause. Investigators, working with laboratory mice, have been able to prevent symptoms of the condition with estrogen, which is commonly used for hormone replacement therapy.

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Long-term hearing loss treatment

The researchers looked closer into the possibility of reprograming inner ear cells to repair long-term hearing loss.

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Finding simplicity within complexity

With the theory that for every action, even those seemingly complex and random, there is a math problem that describes it, a researcher is publishing a new formula that helps find that equation quickly. Yes, he's speeding up science.

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Adding yoga to regular exercise improves cardiovascular health and wellbeing

A three-month pilot study of patients with hypertension demonstrates that adding yoga to a regular exercise training regimen supports cardiovascular health and wellbeing and is more effective than stretching exercises. Incorporation of yoga reduced systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate and improved 10-year cardiovascular risk.

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Scientists shine a light on what comes up when you flush

A new visualization of pathogen exposure risk in public bathrooms also provides a methodology to help reduce it.

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Scientists shine a light on what comes up when you flush

A new visualization of pathogen exposure risk in public bathrooms also provides a methodology to help reduce it.

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Working in extreme heat puts strain on fetus

The fetuses of women working in the fields in extreme heat can show signs of strain before their mothers are affected, new research has shown.

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Working in extreme heat puts strain on fetus

The fetuses of women working in the fields in extreme heat can show signs of strain before their mothers are affected, new research has shown.

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Smilodon's sabre teeth

Researchers have tested the biting efficiency of Smilodon, an extinct species of carnivore close to the extant felines. Using high-precision 3D scans and simulation methods, the team has just revealed how these animals managed to bite despite the impressive length of their teeth.

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Your dog's behavior is a product of their genes

From the excitable sheep dog to the aloof Shiba Inu, and all breeds in between, dogs have unique and diverse behavioral traits. By analyzing DNA samples from over 200 dog breeds along with nearly 50,000 pet-owner surveys, researchers have pinpointed many of the genes associated with the behaviors of specific dog breeds.

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New rat lungworm disease resource to help doctors with diagnosis, treatment

As climate change continues, human cases of rat lungworm disease are anticipated to become more widespread globally, especially in places where the parasite that causes the disease is not yet present. A review paper is now available to educate medical professionals in the U.S. and around the world as they encounter an increasing number of patients with the disease.

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Traveling with friends helps even mixed-up migrators find their way

How do migrating animals travel so far, and reach their destination so precisely? For many animals, the answer is magnetoreception. New computer modeling research shows how sticking together helps migrating animals get to where they need to go, even when their magnetic compass leads them astray. The researchers also found that the strategy breaks down when species decline in number.

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Reading the room: Humans struggle to identify aggression in dogs, other humans

Researchers showed participants videos of human, dog, and macaque pairs to determine how well humans assess social interactions.

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Megadrought: How the current Southwestern North American megadrought is affecting Earth's upper atmosphere

New research, based on two decades' worth of data, shows that in the ten years after its onset in 2000, the Southwestern North American (SWNA) megadrought caused a 30% change in gravity wave activity in Earth's upper atmosphere.

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New virus discovered in Swiss ticks

The Alongshan virus was discovered in China only five years ago. Now researchers have found the novel virus for the first time in Swiss ticks. It appears to be at least as widespread as the tickborne encephalitis virus and causes similar symptoms. The team is working on a diagnostic test to assess the epidemiological situation.

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Ankylosaurs battled each other as much as they fought off T. rex

Scientists have found new evidence for how armored dinosaurs used their iconic tail clubs. The exceptional fossil of the ankylosaur Zuul crurivastator has spikes along its flanks that were broken and re-healed while the dinosaur was alive -- injuries that the scientists think were caused from a strike by another Zuul's massive tail club. This suggests ankylosaurs had complex behavior, possibly battling for social and territorial dominance or even engaging in a 'rutting' season for mates.

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Countries bet on forests and soils to reach net-zero

New research highlights the risks of countries relying on nature-based solutions to achieve net-zero. National climate strategies set out how countries plan to reduce emissions, for example by phasing out fossil-fuel use, to get to net-zero in 2050. The study found, once the bulk of emissions have been reduced, countries plan to 'cancel out' the left-over difficult to decarbonise emissions, such as those from agriculture, by using forests and soils to remove carbon from the atmosphere.

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Twin study links exercise to beneficial epigenetic changes

Consistent exercise can change not just waistlines but the very molecules in the human body that influence how genes behave, a new study of twins indicates. The study found that the more physically active siblings in identical twin pairs had lower signs of metabolic disease, measured by waist size and body mass index. This also correlated with differences in their epigenomes, the molecular processes that are around DNA and independent of DNA sequence, but influence gene expression. The more active twins had epigenetic marks linked to lowered metabolic syndrome, a condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Since the identical twins have the same genetics, the study suggests that markers of metabolic disease are strongly influenced by how a person interacts with their environment as opposed to just their inherited genetics.

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Twin study links exercise to beneficial epigenetic changes

Consistent exercise can change not just waistlines but the very molecules in the human body that influence how genes behave, a new study of twins indicates. The study found that the more physically active siblings in identical twin pairs had lower signs of metabolic disease, measured by waist size and body mass index. This also correlated with differences in their epigenomes, the molecular processes that are around DNA and independent of DNA sequence, but influence gene expression. The more active twins had epigenetic marks linked to lowered metabolic syndrome, a condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Since the identical twins have the same genetics, the study suggests that markers of metabolic disease are strongly influenced by how a person interacts with their environment as opposed to just their inherited genetics.

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Warming climate spurs harmful oxygen loss in lakes

New research shows a continually warming world is leading to extended, late-summer weeks of water stratification in lakes, which prompts oxygen deprivation in the water -- provoking conditions called hypoxia (low oxygen) and anoxia (no oxygen) -- and negative consequences for fish and other species.

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How metastatic cancer causes leaky blood vessels

Researchers examine the local communication between endothelial cells and tumors cells and its effects on endothelial cell orientation. The approach uses co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and breast epithelial tumor cell lines to simulate the tumor-endothelial interaction. The group found the clockwise chirality of the hUVECs was less affected by local hormone signaling and more so by direct physical contact with tumor cells. Specific proteins on the tumor cell binding to others on endothelial cells appeared to play a role in changing the clockwise chirality of hUVECs.

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Tiny underwater sand dunes may shed light on larger terrestrial and Martian formations

Researchers have been studying the dynamics of how crescent-shaped sand dunes are formed. Known as barchans, these formations are commonly found in various sizes and circumstances, on Earth and on Mars. Using a computational fluid dynamics approach, the team carried out simulations by applying the equations of motion to each grain in a pile being deformed by a fluid flow, showing the ranges of values for the proper computation of barchan dunes down to the grain scale.

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CRISPR insight: How to fine-tune the Cas protein's grip on DNA

At the heart of every CRISPR reaction, whether naturally occurring in bacteria or harnessed by CRIPSR-Cas gene editing technology, is a strong molecular bond of a Cas protein via a guide RNA to its target site on DNA. It's like a nanoscale ski binding.

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Studies ID ways to help young adults avoid health impacts of stress

It's well established that experiencing stress can hurt our physical health. Now two new studies find that younger adults who take preemptive steps to respond to stress are better able to avoid those negative health outcomes.

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Low salinity can work to culture popular Florida pompano fish

Less than 10 aquaculture farms in the U.S. have been successful in commercially raising and distributing the popular Florida pompano fish. A new study has determined the optimal salinity required to culture fingerlings (juvenile fish) from hatch to weaning under on-farm conditions. Researchers have shown it's possible to grow this warm water marine species in salinities a low as 10 parts per thousand, which makes it more economic and easier for producers far from the coast to attempt Florida pompano commercial growth.

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Studies ID ways to help young adults avoid health impacts of stress

It's well established that experiencing stress can hurt our physical health. Now two new studies find that younger adults who take preemptive steps to respond to stress are better able to avoid those negative health outcomes.

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The future of replacement organs is (quite possibly) here: Robust human intestinal organoids created in a lab

Researchers have found that growing human intestine-like spheroids in suspension and transferring them to a bioreactor for maturation results in the generation of differentiated human intestinal organoids (HIOs) suitable for subsequent transplantation into experimental mice. This technique is simpler than existing approaches and reliably produces healthy HIOs of predictable size, which could make it invaluable for translational research and regenerative medicine in the future.

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Parasite may create risk-taking wolves in Yellowstone

New research suggests that a common parasite associated with cats turns Yellowstone National Park wolves into risk takers, who when infected are much more likely to disperse across the landscape and become pack leaders.

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Post-lockdown auto emissions can't hide in the grass

Scientists have a new way to demonstrate which neighborhoods are most affected by air pollution from vehicle emissions: analyzing wild grass for radiocarbon content, which is a proxy for fossil fuel emissions.

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Pregnant moms' stress may accelerate cell aging of white, not Black, kids, study finds

Does stress during pregnancy impact children's cell aging, and does race matter? The answer is yes, according to a new study.

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Pregnant moms' stress may accelerate cell aging of white, not Black, kids, study finds

Does stress during pregnancy impact children's cell aging, and does race matter? The answer is yes, according to a new study.

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Fossil discovery in storeroom cupboard shifts origin of modern lizard back 35 million years

A specimen retrieved from a cupboard of the Natural History Museum in London has shown that modern lizards originated in the Late Triassic and not the Middle Jurassic as previously thought.

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Synchronized neural oscillations in the right brain induce empathic behavior

A research team has discovered the underlying neural mechanism that allows us to feel empathy. The group's study on mice hinted that empathy is induced by the synchronized neural oscillations in the right hemisphere of the brain, which allows the animals to perceive and share each other's fear.

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Large band bending at SnS interface opens door for highly efficient thin-film solar cells

Tin sulfide (SnS) solar cells have shown immense promise in the rush to develop more environmentally friendly thin-film solar cells. Yet for years SnS solar cells have struggled to achieve a high conversion efficiency. To overcome this, a SnS interface exhibiting large band bending was necessary, something a research group has recently achieved.

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Microplastics could make other pollutants more harmful

Microplastics -- small plastic pieces less than five millimeters in length -- are becoming a ubiquitous ecological contaminant. Studies suggest that on their own, these tiny bits are potentially harmful, and it's unclear what effect they could have on pollutants that latch onto them. Now, researchers show that, when attached to microplastics, UV filters used in products such as sunscreens can make chromium metal more toxic.

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New genetic mutation behind childhood glaucoma identified

An international team of researchers has discovered a new genetic mutation that leads to childhood glaucoma, and in the process, uncovered a new mechanism for causing the disease. They hope their findings can lead to better screening for families affected by this devastating condition and one day new treatments.

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Deteriorating neurons are source of human brain inflammation in Alzheimer's disease

Scientists have found that neurons from people with Alzheimer's disease show deterioration and undergo a late-life stress process called senescence. These neurons have a loss of functional activity, impaired metabolism, and increased brain inflammation. The researchers also discovered that targeting the deteriorating neurons with therapeutics could be an effective strategy for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.

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New and more detailed world map of antimicrobial resistance

There are large geographical differences in both how frequently resistant genes occur and in which types of bacteria the genes are found. This is shown by analyses of sewage from throughout the globe, thus underlining the importance of combating antimicrobial resistance based on data on local conditions.

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Step closer to tackling drug resistant parasites in Brazil

Researchers are a step closer to identifying ways to support clinicians in predicting drug treatment outcomes for patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.

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Parents talk more to toddlers who talk back

Hummus. Chewbacca. Belly button. These are just a few of the thousands of words scientists painstakingly decoded from over 2,100 hours of recorded conversations to determine if the amount of language kids hear explains why girls have bigger vocabularies early in life. It doesn't. Instead, the scientists found that caregivers just talk more to toddlers after they say their first word, which suggests that children actively influence their own language development.

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Study in mice suggests that expression of estrogen-related gene can impact post-menopausal breast cancer risk and prevention strategies

In a study using a mouse model of aging that mimics breast cancer development in estrogen receptor-positive post-menopausal women, investigators have determined that over-expression, or switching on of the Esr1 gene, could lead to elevated risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women.

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Automated chemical reaction prediction: Now in stereo

Automated reaction path search method predicts accurate stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions using only target molecule structure.

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New visual scale offers simple measure to help identify job burnout

Existing methods of identifying job burnout are lengthy and sometimes proprietary, but new research offers a faster and easier way.

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Prenatal wellness classes cut moms' depression in half up to eight years later

A low-cost, prenatal intervention benefits mothers' mental health up to eight years later, a new study finds.

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Five precepts of Buddhism may be linked to lower depression risk

A new study suggests that people with high levels of neuroticism and stress may be at greater risk for depressive symptoms, but those links could be buffered for people who observe the five precepts of Buddhism -- a fundamental system of ethics for the religion's followers.

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Microfibers in the Mediterranean Sea are floating homes for bacteria

Almost 200 species of bacteria colonize microfibers in the Mediterranean Sea, including one that causes food poisoning in humans, according to a new study.

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Scientists elucidate how DREADD technology highjacks neuronal activity

Scientists have solved the high-resolution, complex structures of drug-like compounds bound to designer brain cell receptors, paving the way for the creation of next-generation chemogenetic tools.

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Scientists elucidate how DREADD technology highjacks neuronal activity

Scientists have solved the high-resolution, complex structures of drug-like compounds bound to designer brain cell receptors, paving the way for the creation of next-generation chemogenetic tools.

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