New insights on antibody responses to Omicron variants

A new study looks at several aspects of the effects of exposure to earlier forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen on the immune system's reaction to the prevailing Omicron variants.

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Reprogramming of immune cells shown to fight off melanoma

A new way of reprogramming our immune cells to shrink or kill off cancer cells has been shown to work in the otherwise hard to treat and devastating skin cancer, melanoma. The discovery demonstrates a new way to clear early stage pre-cancerous and even late-stage tumor cells.

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Study finds persistent disparities in access to prenatal care among pregnant people based on citizenship status and education level

Findings suggest exclusions to Medicaid because of immigration status may increase risk for maternal health care disparities in some immigrant populations.

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Identity theft the secret of the cat parasite's success

The parasite Toxoplasma is carried by a large portion of the global human population. Now a study shows how this microscopic parasite so successfully spreads in the body, for example to the brain. The parasite infects immune cells and hijacks their identity.

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Identity theft the secret of the cat parasite's success

The parasite Toxoplasma is carried by a large portion of the global human population. Now a study shows how this microscopic parasite so successfully spreads in the body, for example to the brain. The parasite infects immune cells and hijacks their identity.

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Spicing it up: Pro-drug curcumin shows clinical potential in mice

A prodrug form of curcumin, TBP1901, has shown anti-tumor effects without toxicities. The enzyme GUSB was identified for its key role in TBP1901 conversion to curcumin, which also has essential therapeutic targets.

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Inverted dancers have more acute visuomotor perception

People with extended visuomotor experience with inverted movements -- such as vertical dancers -- can overcome the inversion effect in perceiving biological motion.

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Inverted dancers have more acute visuomotor perception

People with extended visuomotor experience with inverted movements -- such as vertical dancers -- can overcome the inversion effect in perceiving biological motion.

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Cellular housekeeping process implicated in fatal neurological disorder

A study shows that as patients age, Huntington's disease impairs autophagy, which eliminates waste from cells. This housekeeping is significant in Huntington's because a buildup of waste in a specific kind of neuron leads to such cells' untimely deaths. The researchers also showed that enhancing the autophagy pathway in such neurons that were created from skin cells of Huntington's patients protects those cells from dying.

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Stem cell grafts and rehabilitation combined boost spinal cord injury results

In animal models, researchers found that intensive physical therapy in tandem with implanted neural stem cells increased tissue growth, repair and functionality in spinal cord injuries more than those treatments alone.

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Researchers reveal why shingles can lead to stroke

Scientists investigating why people who have had shingles are at a higher risk of stroke, now believe the answer lies within lipid vesicles called exosomes that shuttle proteins and genetic information between cells, according to new research.

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Large stroke trial finds intensive blood pressure lowering after clot removal worsens recovery

The largest ever randomized controlled trial of intensive blood pressure lowering after blood clot removal in stroke patients found it led to deterioration in surrounding brain tissue and higher rates of disability, compared to less intensive treatment.

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'Kagome' metallic crystal adds new spin to electronics

Researchers have found that a novel metallic crystal displays unusual electronic behavior on its surface, thanks to the crystal's unique atomic structure. Their findings open up the possibility of using this material to develop faster and smaller microelectronic devices.

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Wastewater treatment plants can 'catch a cold'

The efficient running of wastewater treatment plants is an essential part of modern society. Just like humans, wastewater treatment plants can get sick, due to viral attacks. Now, new research reveals the implications for the surrounding environment in case the plant catches a cold. From the study, the researchers have shown there is a clear relationship between virus concentration and the amount of dissolved organic carbon present in the effluent water. More of this carbon in the effluent water, means increased oxygen consumption in the surrounding bodies of water where the effluent is discharged. This could have potential negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystems nearby.

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Researchers home in on a new cause of Stargardt disease

Using a new stem-cell based model made from skin cells, scientists found the first direct evidence that Stargardt-related ABCA4 gene mutations affect a layer of cells in the eye called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The discovery points to a new understanding of Stargardt disease progression and suggests a therapeutic strategy for the disease, which currently lacks treatment.

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Study identifies alcohol risk factors for acute stroke

A global study into causes of stroke has found that high and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with increased odds of stroke. The study also found that there was no link between low level drinking and stroke.

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Researchers home in on a new cause of Stargardt disease

Using a new stem-cell based model made from skin cells, scientists found the first direct evidence that Stargardt-related ABCA4 gene mutations affect a layer of cells in the eye called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The discovery points to a new understanding of Stargardt disease progression and suggests a therapeutic strategy for the disease, which currently lacks treatment.

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Why some people are mosquito magnets

The female mosquito will hunt down any human, but some of us get bitten far more than others. The answer why may be hidden in our skin.

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How early fears play role in future anxiety, depression

A recent imaging study has identified early risk factors that could foretell whether an individual might develop depression in adolescence and early adulthood, finding that people who are more inhibited in early childhood and who also don't respond typically to potential rewards as adolescents are more vulnerable to developing depression later in life than they are to anxiety.

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How severe is the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant compared with earlier variants?

Researchers determined that the BA.2 subvariant is less severe than the previous Delta variant and less severe to an even greater extent than the original Omicron variant.

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How severe is the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant compared with earlier variants?

Researchers determined that the BA.2 subvariant is less severe than the previous Delta variant and less severe to an even greater extent than the original Omicron variant.

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Borrowing a shape from a to-go cup lid, a drone wing could learn how to sense danger faster

The oddly satisfying small domes that you press on your soda's to-go cup lid may one day save a winged drone from a nosedive.

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Metabolite product from pomegranate: Researchers identify way to boost tumor-fighting immune cells

Researchers have succeeded in identifying a new approach for the therapy of colorectal cancer. In preclinical models and studies on human immune cells, they found that urolithin A, a metabolite product from pomegranate, sustainably improves the function of immune cells in their fight against cancer. After treatment with urolithin A, tumour-fighting immune cells become T memory stem cells which, due to their ability to divide, constantly supply the immune system with rejuvenated, non-exhausted T cells.

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New enzyme inhibitor shows promise for treating cancers, autoimmune diseases

Researchers have found a small molecule enzyme inhibitor capable of manipulating an immune process that plays an important role in cancers and autoimmune diseases.

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Functional, nonepileptic seizures show structural abnormalities in brain scans, study shows

Functional seizures not caused by epilepsy are associated with structural changes in the brain that can be seen using MRI, a new study shows. Scientist have long understood the nonepileptic seizures as the body's response to mental stressors, such as anxiety and PTSD. Researchers say the findings bring potential for earlier diagnosis of functional seizures, which are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy.

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Study sheds light on how songs, movies and memories shape how people enjoy lighthearted entertainment

A new study played song and movie clips both recent and from their adolescence for subjects and asked if they had memories associated with them. Results showed people had more memories associated with older material and also appreciated media that had associated memories more. A look at the psychological processes associated with 'media-induced reminiscence' can tell us more about why people enjoy lighthearted entertainment like pop music or superhero movies, the authors argue.

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New research shows e-cigarettes cause cardiac arrhythmias

A new study has found that exposure to e-cigarette aerosols can cause heart arrhythmias in animal models -- both in the form of premature and skipped heart beats. The study findings suggest exposure to specific chemicals within e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) promote arrhythmias and cardiac electrical dysfunction.

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Minorities face longer wait times for vital lung cancer treatment, study finds

A new study has revealed significant racial disparities in how quickly minorities with the most common form of lung cancer receive potentially lifesaving radiation therapy compared with their white counterparts.

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Common, usually harmless group of bacteria associated with higher death rates in kidney patients

A big group of bacteria found in our soil, our water and our shower heads are harmless for most of us, but a new study indicates they are associated with an increased risk of dying in individuals whose kidneys have failed.

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Common, usually harmless group of bacteria associated with higher death rates in kidney patients

A big group of bacteria found in our soil, our water and our shower heads are harmless for most of us, but a new study indicates they are associated with an increased risk of dying in individuals whose kidneys have failed.

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The environmental footprint of food

In an age of industrialized farming and complex supply chains, the true environmental pressures of our global food system are often obscure and difficult to assess.

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The lightness of water vapor adds heft to global climate models

Including the lightness of water vapor in climate models can improve cloud simulations and the accuracy of climate change forecasts, scientists found.

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Forest recovery after Montana's 2017 fire season

Researchers found thousands of seedlings growing after recent fires in Montana, especially at sites with cooler, damper conditions -- often found in the shade of the dead trees and upper canopy, as well as on the north side of mountains with higher elevations and more undergrowth. Researchers found fewer seedlings at sites with less shade and drier, hotter conditions.

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Positive YouTube videos help deflect blame from sharks

In a new study, researchers found more people shifted blame for shark bites away from the animals after watching positive YouTube videos about them.

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Video gaming may be associated with better cognitive performance in children, study suggests

A study of nearly 2,000 children found that those who reported playing video games for three hours per day or more performed better on cognitive skills tests involving impulse control and working memory compared to children who had never played video games.

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How heart failure disrupts the cell's powerhouse

Investigations in Japan have uncovered some molecular mechanisms behind mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic heart failure.

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Skaftö wreck's cargo tells a tale of 15th century trade routes

Research has shown that the Skaftö wreck had probably taken on cargo in Gdansk in Poland and was heading towards Belgium when it foundered in the Lysekil archipelago around 1440. Modern methods of analysis of the cargo are now providing completely new answers about the way trade was conducted in the Middle Ages.

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New study identifies unique type of microglia associated with stroke in the I/R injured brain

Medical researchers have identified a new type of microglia associated with stroke in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured brain.

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Online program to support children with reading difficulties helped them make significant progress

An innovative program to support children with reading difficulties helped them make significant progress when used online, new analysis shows.

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Discovery of new ecosystem -- 'The Trapping Zone' -- creating oasis of life in the Maldives

Researchers have found evidence of a previously undescribed ecosystem -- 'The Trapping Zone' -- that is creating an oasis of life 500 metres down in the depths of the Indian Ocean. The discovery has been hailed as highly significant by the Maldives Government.

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Advance brings quantum computing one step closer to implementation

Researchers identified possible solutions to some of the limitations of qubits for quantum computing. They looked at two different hybrid quantum systems: an electron-superconducting circuit and an electron-ion coupled system. Both systems were able to control the temperature and the movement of the electron.

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Dig in: Sand serves up a possible cure for obesity

Engineered particles of purified sand could be the next anti-obesity therapy as new research shows that porous silica can prevent fats and carbohydrates from being adsorbed in the body.

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Dig in: Sand serves up a possible cure for obesity

Engineered particles of purified sand could be the next anti-obesity therapy as new research shows that porous silica can prevent fats and carbohydrates from being adsorbed in the body.

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Maternal, paternal exercise in mice affects metabolic health in offspring

A mouse study provides new ways to determine how maternal and paternal exercise improve metabolic health of offspring. This study used mice to evaluate how their lifestyles -- eating fatty foods vs. healthy and exercising vs. not -- affected the metabolites of their offspring.

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Early HIV diagnosis and treatment important for better long-term health outcomes

Starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) early in the course of HIV infection when the immune system is stronger results in better long-term health outcomes compared with delaying ART, according to new findings.

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New flexible, steerable device placed in live brains by minimally invasive robot

Scientists have successfully placed a bioinspired steerable catheter into the brain of an animal.

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A broader definition of learning could help stimulate interdisciplinary research

By embracing a broader definition of learning that includes any behavioral adaption developed in response to regular features of an environment, researchers could better collaborate across the fields of psychology, computer science, sociology, and genetics, according to a new Perspectives on Psychological Science article.

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TBX20 enhances reprogramming of heart fibroblasts into heart muscle cells

One promising strategy to remuscularize the injured heart is the direct cardiac reprogramming of heart fibroblast cells into cardiomyocytes. Researchers have identified TBX20 as the key missing transcription factor in existing cocktails for direct cardiac reprogramming of human fibroblasts. Adding TBX20 to the reprogramming cocktail MGT 133, they report, promoted cardiac reprogramming and activated genes associated with cardiac contractility, maturation and a ventricular location of the heart muscle cell.

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Three-dose hepatitis B vaccine regimen protects people with HIV

A three-dose course of the hepatitis B vaccine HEPLISAV-B fully protected adults living with HIV who had never been vaccinated against or infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), according to new study.

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Scared of injections? Try a wearable soft robot to ease aversion to needles

Researchers have shown that pain experienced by patients during medical treatments can be considerably alleviated by holding and experiencing the motions of a soft furry robot. Based on measures of pain, fear, and biomarker collection, the researchers believe that the robot can improve patient experience.

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Scared of injections? Try a wearable soft robot to ease aversion to needles

Researchers have shown that pain experienced by patients during medical treatments can be considerably alleviated by holding and experiencing the motions of a soft furry robot. Based on measures of pain, fear, and biomarker collection, the researchers believe that the robot can improve patient experience.

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Looking to move to a galaxy far, far away? Innovative system evaluates habitability of distant planets

The research framework developed, along with observational data from the Webb Space Telescope, will enable scientists to efficiently assess the atmospheres of many other planets without having to send a space crew to visit them physically. This will help us make informed decisions in the future about which planets are good candidates for human settlement and perhaps even to find life on those planets.

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Extreme weather events have a significant negative impact on skin disease

The skin is a large, complex organ, and it serves as the body's primary interface with the environment, playing key roles in sensory, thermoregulatory, barrier, and immunological functioning. As floods, wildfires, and extreme heat events increase in frequency and severity, they pose a significant threat to global dermatological health, as many skin diseases are climate sensitive.

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Brain evolution is linked to competition, study in fish suggests

In response to a high-competition environment, Trinidadian killifish evolve larger brains, increasing their fitness and survival rates, according to a new study.

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Brain evolution is linked to competition, study in fish suggests

In response to a high-competition environment, Trinidadian killifish evolve larger brains, increasing their fitness and survival rates, according to a new study.

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Discovery gives insight into brain function, breakdowns

Scientists have identified a long-sought gene-encoded protein that enables the brain to communicate a broad range of signals across gaps between neurons, known as synapses.

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Unprecedented glimpse of merging galaxies

Using the James Webb Space Telescope to look back in time at the early universe, astronomers discovered a surprise: a cluster of galaxies merging together around a rare red quasar within a massive black hole. The findings offer an unprecedented opportunity to observe how billions of years ago galaxies coalesced into the modern universe.

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Chimpanzees synchronize their steps just like humans

A new study has revealed that chimpanzees share a human tendency to unintentionally synchronize their steps when walking alongside one another.

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High entropy alloys: Structural disorder and magnetic properties

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials for catalysis and energy storage, and at the same time they are extremely hard, heat resistant and demonstrate great variability in their magnetic behavior. Now, a team has gained new insights into the local environment of a so-called high-entropy Cantor alloy made of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, and has thus also been able to partially explain the magnetic properties of a nanocrystalline film of this alloy.

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Environmental chemicals increase risk of inflammatory bowel disease

A new study leverages multiple research platforms to systematically identify environmental chemical agents that influence gastrointestinal inflammation.

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The Black Death shaped the evolution of immunity genes, setting the course for how we respond to disease today

An international team of scientists who analyzed centuries-old DNA from victims and survivors of the Black Death pandemic has identified key genetic differences that determined who lived and who died, and how those aspects of our immune systems have continued to evolve since that time.

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International Space Station experiments reveal risks for future human space flights

A long-term experiment aboard the International Space Station has tested the effect of space radiation on mouse embryonic stem cells. Their findings will contribute to helping scientists better assess the safety and risks related to space radiation for future human space flights.

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Sleep as a new 8th measure of cardiovascular health

Researchers have evaluated an expanded measure of cardiovascular health (CVH) that includes sleep as an eighth metric, in relation to cardiovascular disease risk.

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Sleep as a new 8th measure of cardiovascular health

Researchers have evaluated an expanded measure of cardiovascular health (CVH) that includes sleep as an eighth metric, in relation to cardiovascular disease risk.

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Spice containers pose contamination risk during food preparation

A new study on the potential for cross-contaminating kitchen surfaces with pathogens during food preparation has pointed to an unlikely culprit for spreading sickness: spice containers.

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Spice containers pose contamination risk during food preparation

A new study on the potential for cross-contaminating kitchen surfaces with pathogens during food preparation has pointed to an unlikely culprit for spreading sickness: spice containers.

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New machine-learning technique for classifying key immune cells has implications for a suite of diseases

Researchers have developed a new, machine learning-based technique to accurately classify the state of macrophages, which are key immune cells. Classifying macrophages is important because they can modify their behavior and act as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents in the immune response. As a result, the work has a suite of implications for research and has the potential to one day make major societal impact. For example, this new approach could be of use to drug designers looking to create therapies targeting diseases and auto-immune conditions such as diabetes, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis -- all of which are impacted by cellular metabolism and macrophage function.

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European colonial legacy is still visible in today's alien floras

Alien floras in regions that were once occupied by the same European power are, on average, more similar to each other compared to outside regions and this similarity increases with the length of time a region was occupied.

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Air pollution from factories and vehicles linked to worse outcomes for patients with lung disease

People with a disease characterized by lung scarring that has no obvious cause are more likely to die if they live in areas with higher levels of air pollution composed of chemicals associated with industrial sources and vehicular traffic, according to new research.

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A new AI model can accurately predict human response to novel drug compounds

A research team has created an artificial intelligence model that could significantly improve the accuracy and reduce the time and cost of the drug development process. The new model, called CODE-AE, can screen novel drug compounds to accurately predict efficacy in humans.

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Some screen time better than none during children's concussion recovery

Too much screen time can slow children's recovery from concussions, but new research suggests that banning screen time is not the answer. The researchers looked for links between the self-reported screen time of more than 700 children aged 8-16 in the first 7-10 days following an injury, and symptoms reported by them and their caregivers over the following six months. The children whose concussion symptoms cleared up the fastest had engaged in a moderate amount of screen time.

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Beyond humans -- mammal combat in extreme environs

A new study indicates previously unknown high altitude contests between two of America's most sensational mammals -- mountain goats and bighorn sheep -- over access to minerals previously unavailable due to the past presence of glaciers which, now, are vanishing due to global warming.

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Some screen time better than none during children's concussion recovery

Too much screen time can slow children's recovery from concussions, but new research suggests that banning screen time is not the answer. The researchers looked for links between the self-reported screen time of more than 700 children aged 8-16 in the first 7-10 days following an injury, and symptoms reported by them and their caregivers over the following six months. The children whose concussion symptoms cleared up the fastest had engaged in a moderate amount of screen time.

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High exposure to glyphosate in pregnancy could cause lower birth weights in babies

Researchers are learning more about the effects of herbicide exposure during pregnancy.

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Gene signature points to prognosis in kidney cancer

Among patients with kidney cancer, the activity of four specific genes in the cancer cells seems to be able to predict the risk of the tumor spreading and the patient's chances of survival.

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Brain discovery holds key to boosting body's ability to fight Alzheimer's, MS

Researchers have discovered a molecule in the brain responsible for orchestrating the immune system's responses to Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially allowing doctors to supercharge the body's ability to fight those and other devastating neurological diseases.

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New approach would improve user access to electric vehicle charging stations

Researchers have developed a dynamic computational tool to help improve user access to electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, with the goal of making EVs more attractive for drivers.

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Faster-developing, wetter hurricanes to come

In a new study, PNNL researchers find that the U.S. Atlantic Coast is becoming a breeding ground for rapidly intensifying hurricanes. Fueled by environmental conditions that beget increasingly severe storms--with climate change as a root contributor--the new research finds that hurricanes are growing wetter and strengthening faster near the already hurricane-battered coastline.

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Findings support repurposing rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin for diabetes

Researchers discovered that the rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin can potentially be repurposed to improve diabetes-associated symptoms.

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Gene activity in a test tube

When searching for the causes of illnesses and developing new treatments, it is absolutely vital to have a precise understanding of the genetic fundamentals. Researchers have devised a new technique for this purpose.

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Findings support repurposing rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin for diabetes

Researchers discovered that the rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin can potentially be repurposed to improve diabetes-associated symptoms.

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Gene activity in a test tube

When searching for the causes of illnesses and developing new treatments, it is absolutely vital to have a precise understanding of the genetic fundamentals. Researchers have devised a new technique for this purpose.

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Economic losses from hurricanes become too big to be offset by the US if warming continues

Hurricane damages can increase due to increasing global temperatures, caused by greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Computer simulations of regional economic sectors and supply chains in the US now show that the resulting economic losses can at some point not be nationally offset under unabated warming. If too many factories and the like are hit by the hurricane and stop working, other countries will have to step in to provide the supply of goods, according to the scientists who did the study. The hurricane impacts under global warming will thus give the US an economic disadvantage, the warmer the more.

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Study finds unexpected protective properties of pain

The classic view of pain is that it protects by detecting and signaling the presence of harmful agents, but new research shows pain can shield the gut more directly.

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Study finds unexpected protective properties of pain

The classic view of pain is that it protects by detecting and signaling the presence of harmful agents, but new research shows pain can shield the gut more directly.

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Smart materials: Metal cations-recognizable thermoresponsive polymers

Scientists have created a novel thermoresponsive polymer by adding divalent cations to polymers and water solvents. They also succeeded in controlling thermoresponsive properties by changing the type and mixing ratio of ionic species. This new polymer type is expected to be applied as an analytical reagent for ion-sensing devices and as a material for drug delivery systems.

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Smart materials: Metal cations-recognizable thermoresponsive polymers

Scientists have created a novel thermoresponsive polymer by adding divalent cations to polymers and water solvents. They also succeeded in controlling thermoresponsive properties by changing the type and mixing ratio of ionic species. This new polymer type is expected to be applied as an analytical reagent for ion-sensing devices and as a material for drug delivery systems.

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Medical privacy of forensic samples questioned

Watch any episode of 'CSI,' and a character will use forensic DNA profiling to identify a criminal. A new study suggests that these forensic profiles may indirectly reveal medical information -- perhaps even those of crime victims -- contrary to what the legal field has believed for nearly 30 years. The findings could have ethical and legal implications.

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Chemists boost eco-friendly battery performance using catalysts with unconventional phase nanostructures

The metal-carbon dioxide battery is a promising and environmentally friendly technology, but its energy efficiency is limited. Recently, a research team has discovered an innovative way to overcome this problem by introducing an unconventional phase nanomaterial as a catalyst, boosting battery energy efficiency up to 83.8%. The study reveals a novel design of catalysts for the new generation of meta-gas batteries that can contribute to carbon neutral goals.

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Simple, rapid and robust method makes mouse whole organs transparent for imaging

A new tissue-clearing method simplifies and speeds up the process to render tissue optically transparent, enabling 3D imaging of entire, intact tissues or organs.

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Land in a cyclone's wake becomes more vulnerable to forest fires

The strong winds and torrential rains that accompany a cyclone do tremendous damage to ecosystems, and this damage can make them more prone to future wildfires. As intense cyclones are projected to become more frequent worldwide, a team of researchers examines the links between cyclones and forest fires, how they fuel one another, and why we may see fires burning in unlikely places in the future.

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How does social behavior lead to clusters of vaccine hesitancy?

Geographical pockets of vaccination behavior can be attributed to both pre-existing socio-demographic clusters as well as the way vaccine hesitancy spreads through neighboring societies, according to a new study.

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How does social behavior lead to clusters of vaccine hesitancy?

Geographical pockets of vaccination behavior can be attributed to both pre-existing socio-demographic clusters as well as the way vaccine hesitancy spreads through neighboring societies, according to a new study.

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Why erect-crested penguins reject their first egg and lay a second one

A new analysis of old data suggests that the endangered erect-crested penguin's bizarre nesting habits -- rejecting the first egg they lay -- is because they can't feed two chicks, and the second, larger egg has a better chance of success.

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Dinosaur 'mummies' might not be as unusual as we think

A process of desiccation and deflation explains why dinosaur 'mummies' aren't as exceptional as we might expect, according to a study.

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Medical jargon is source of confusion for non-physicians

Researchers examined whether the general public understands the medical jargon that physicians typically use in their introductions to patients. They found speciality names and seniority titles are sources of misunderstanding.

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Human brain cells in a dish learn to play Pong in real time

Human and mouse neurons in a dish learned to play the video game Pong, researchers report. The experiments are evidence that even brain cells in a dish can exhibit inherent intelligence, modifying their behavior over time.

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Database tracks agricultural phosphorus use world-wide

Researchers have released a study quantifying cropland phosphorus budgets around the world, which will help in identifying nutrient management gaps in different regions in food production and consumption systems. This new database will help countries and regions to evaluate their performances in addressing phosphorus pollution and scarcity challenges, and guide actions towards a more sustainable future.

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Database tracks agricultural phosphorus use world-wide

Researchers have released a study quantifying cropland phosphorus budgets around the world, which will help in identifying nutrient management gaps in different regions in food production and consumption systems. This new database will help countries and regions to evaluate their performances in addressing phosphorus pollution and scarcity challenges, and guide actions towards a more sustainable future.

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Goldfish show a keen ability to estimate distances

Trained goldfish showed a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance that they had swam.

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Study of over 5 million people's DNA reveals genetic links to height

Researchers have identified over 12,000 genetic variants that influence a person's height.

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Global hotspots for soil nature conservation are poorly protected

Current protected areas only poorly cover the places most relevant for conserving soil ecological values. To assess global hotspots for preserving soil ecological values, an international team of scientists measured different facets of soil biodiversity (local species richness and uniqueness) and ecosystem services (like water regulation or carbon storage). They found that these facets peaked in contrasting regions of the world. For instance, temperate ecosystems showed higher local soil biodiversity (species richness), while colder ecosystems were identified as hotspots of soil ecosystem services. In addition, the results suggest that tropical and arid ecosystems hold the most unique communities of soil organisms. Soil ecological values are often overlooked in nature conservation management and policy decisions; the new study demonstrates where efforts to protect them are needed most.

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Toward a fully edible sensor showing if frozen food has previously thawed

When you're standing in the frozen food aisle, it's nearly impossible to know whether that Salisbury steak has thawed and refrozen -- a process with potentially harmful consequences. So, researchers have now designed a food-grade device from edible materials, including table salt, red cabbage and beeswax, that lets you know. The proof-of-concept sensor provides a color readout when it's warmed above a specific temperature, which is tunable from -58 F to 32 F.

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Gut microbiome plays a role in lifestyle's effects on dementia risk

The gut microbiome may play a role in how diet and exercise affect brain health and dementia risk, suggests a recent study. This knowledge could help scientists and clinicians optimize strategies to prevent dementia.

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AI predicts physics of future fault-slip in laboratory earthquakes

An artificial-intelligence approach borrowed from natural-language processing -- much like language translation and autofill for text on your smart phone -- can predict future fault friction and the next failure time with high resolution in laboratory earthquakes. The technique, applying AI to the fault's acoustic signals, advances previous work and goes beyond by predicting aspects of the future state of the fault's physical system.

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Gene therapy rapidly improves night vision in adults with congenital blindness

Adults with a genetic form of childhood-onset blindness experienced striking recoveries of night vision within days of receiving an experimental gene therapy.

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Gene therapy rapidly improves night vision in adults with congenital blindness

Adults with a genetic form of childhood-onset blindness experienced striking recoveries of night vision within days of receiving an experimental gene therapy.

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Electronic gaming can trigger potentially lethal heart rhythm problems in susceptible children

Electronic gaming can precipitate life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in susceptible children whose predisposition may have been previously unrecognized, according to a new report. The investigators documented an uncommon, but distinct pattern among children who lose consciousness while playing electronic (video) games.

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Women may experience different PCOS symptoms depending on where they live

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Alabama may be more likely to have excessive hair growth and insulin resistance, whereas women with PCOS in California may be more likely to have higher testosterone levels, according to new research.

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Robots in workplace contribute to burnout, job insecurity

Working alongside robots may contribute to job burnout and workplace incivility, but self-affirmation techniques could help alleviate fears about being replaced by these machines, according to new research.

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Properties of 'baby talk' similar across many languages

A study has revealed that baby talk displays similar properties across 36 languages.

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Patterns of underlying health issues linked to poorer outcomes after fractures in older adults

Considering underlying health issues more comprehensively when a patient has a fracture could better identify those at higher risk of poor health outcomes.

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Self-teaching AI uses pathology images to find similar cases, diagnose rare diseases

Researchers have developed a deep learning algorithm that can teach itself to learn features which can then be used to find similar cases in large pathology image repositories.

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Experimental treatment approach counters allergic asthma without weakening flu defenses

A new study found that blocking the action of calcium signals in immune cells counters the most common form of asthma without compromising the body's defenses against flu viruses.

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Fast track to fertility program halves time to treatment

Telemedicine-driven program cut the time from an initial new patient visit to fertility treatment from more than two months to 41 days.

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Unprecedented levels of insects damaging plants

A new study compares insect herbivore damage of modern-era plants with that of fossilized leaves from as far back as the Late Cretaceous period, nearly 67 million years ago.

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Turning the spotlight on cells in tissues so RNA can tell their story

A new advance overcomes present limitations in spatial transcriptomics with a DNA nanotechnology-driven method called 'Light-Seq.' Light-Seq allows researchers to 'geotag' the full repertoire of RNA sequences with unique DNA barcodes exclusive to a few cells of interest. These target cells are selected using light under a microscope via a fast and effective photocrosslinking process, and their RNAs made available to next-generation sequencing with the help of a new DNA nanotechnology-driven technique. This entire process can then be repeated for different cell populations in the same sample.

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New survey: 91% of parents say their family is less stressed when they eat together

Chronic, constant stress can increase lifetime risk of heart disease and stroke, but a new survey reveals regular mealtime with others could be a simple solution to help manage stress.

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A way to measure brain blood flow in pre-term babies at the bedside

Researchers have discovered a novel, non-invasive way to measure blood flow to the brains of newborn children at the bedside -- a method that has the potential to enhance diagnosis and treatment across medicine, a new study suggests.

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New antibiotic comes from a pathogenic bacterium in potatoes

A multinational team of researchers in Europe report the discovery of a new antifungal antibiotic named solanimycin. The compound, initially isolated from a pathogenic bacterium that infects potatoes, appears to be produced by a broad spectrum of related plant pathogenic bacteria.

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Scientists hit their creative peak early in their careers

A new study provides the best evidence to date that scientists overall are most innovative and creative early in their careers. Findings showed that, on one important measure, the impact of biomedical scientists' published work drops by between one-half to two-thirds over the course of their careers.

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Researchers find tumor microbiome interactions may identify new approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment

Investigators have examined the microbiome of pancreatic tumors and identified particular microorganisms at single cell resolution that are associated with inflammation and with poor survival. According to the researchers, these microorganisms may be new targets for earlier diagnosis or treatment of pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States.

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Previously deployed military personnel show retained dust in lungs

Military personnel who were deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq may have been exposed to significant amounts of dust and other respiratory hazards, leading to persistent respiratory symptoms and diseases like asthma and bronchiolitis.

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Scientists hit their creative peak early in their careers

A new study provides the best evidence to date that scientists overall are most innovative and creative early in their careers. Findings showed that, on one important measure, the impact of biomedical scientists' published work drops by between one-half to two-thirds over the course of their careers.

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Researchers find tumor microbiome interactions may identify new approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment

Investigators have examined the microbiome of pancreatic tumors and identified particular microorganisms at single cell resolution that are associated with inflammation and with poor survival. According to the researchers, these microorganisms may be new targets for earlier diagnosis or treatment of pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States.

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Previously deployed military personnel show retained dust in lungs

Military personnel who were deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq may have been exposed to significant amounts of dust and other respiratory hazards, leading to persistent respiratory symptoms and diseases like asthma and bronchiolitis.

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Critical information about the size and growth speed of gliomas

An important new clue for preventing and treating brain tumors known as gliomas has been identified. The study provides a rare window into the biological changes behind glioma development.

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Number of children hospitalized for E-scooter injuries surge from 2011-2020

Standing electric scooters, commonly referred to as e-scooters, have been increasing in popularity across the country over the past decade. According to a new research, e-scooter injuries are becoming much more common and increasingly severe.

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Teen drivers often unsafe on the road with speeding and handheld cellphone use

Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in adolescents, and risky driving behaviors like speeding, rapid accelerations, and cellphone use can contribute to crashes. New research finds many teens struggle to abide the rules of the road.

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Broken bones, fractured skulls remain common bicycle injuries, especially among teen boys: 20-year review

More than one million U.S. children fractured a bone while riding a bicycle over the past 20 years, and most of them were boys between ages 10 to 15 years old, according to new research.

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Awake patients can have kidney stones moved, blasted

A new technique which combines the use of two ultrasound technologies may offer an option to move kidney stones out of the ureter with minimal pain and no anesthesia, according to a new feasibility study.

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Critical information about the size and growth speed of gliomas

An important new clue for preventing and treating brain tumors known as gliomas has been identified. The study provides a rare window into the biological changes behind glioma development.

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Climate change made the 2022 summer droughts more likely

High temperatures, fuelled by climate change, dried out soils across Europe and the Northern Hemisphere this summer, finds a team of climate scientists.

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Age vs. genetics: Which is more important for determining how we age?

Our genetics, the environment and our age all play important roles in our health, but which of these is the most important? A new study suggests that in many cases, age plays a more important role than genetics in determining which genes in our bodies are turned on or off, influencing our susceptibility to disease.

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Age vs. genetics: Which is more important for determining how we age?

Our genetics, the environment and our age all play important roles in our health, but which of these is the most important? A new study suggests that in many cases, age plays a more important role than genetics in determining which genes in our bodies are turned on or off, influencing our susceptibility to disease.

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Researchers identify flu-fighting pathways and genes essential for influenza A immune defense

Researchers have identified the gene TDRD7 as a key regulator against influenza A virus (IAV), which causes respiratory tract infections in 5 to 20 percent of the human population.

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Researchers identify flu-fighting pathways and genes essential for influenza A immune defense

Researchers have identified the gene TDRD7 as a key regulator against influenza A virus (IAV), which causes respiratory tract infections in 5 to 20 percent of the human population.

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Algorithms predict sports teams' moves with 80% accuracy

Algorithms can predict the in-game actions of volleyball players with more than 80% accuracy, and now the lab is collaborating with the Big Red hockey team to expand the research project's applications.

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Climate risks for Gulf of Mexico coral reefs spelled out in study

Ocean temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea are on pace to surpass critical thresholds for coral health by mid-century, but rapid action to significantly reduce emissions could slow warming, giving corals and coral conservation programs as much as 20 more years to adapt, according to new research.

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Researchers find link between immune cells' closest neighbors and survival time in patients with pancreatic cancer

Researchers have discovered that the organization of different types of immune cells within pancreatic tumors is associated with how well patients with pancreatic cancer respond to treatment and how long they survive.

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The thinking undead: How dormant bacteria calculate their return to life

Facing extreme conditions such as starvation and stress, some bacteria enter a dormant state in which life processes stop. Biologists have discovered how they assess environmental conditions for a return to life, carrying implications for evaluating life on Earth as well as other planets.

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Researchers find link between immune cells' closest neighbors and survival time in patients with pancreatic cancer

Researchers have discovered that the organization of different types of immune cells within pancreatic tumors is associated with how well patients with pancreatic cancer respond to treatment and how long they survive.

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Europe can rapidly eliminate imports of Russian natural gas

Using a new power sector model, a team of researchers has proposed a method for Europe to eliminate natural gas imports from Russia.

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Why some countries are leading the shift to green energy

A new study identifies the political factors that allow some countries to lead in adopting cleaner sources of energy while others lag behind. By analyzing how different countries responded to the current energy crisis and to the oil crisis of the 1970s, the study reveals how the structure of political institutions can help or hinder the shift to clean energy. The findings offer important lessons as governments race to limit the impacts of climate change.

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Empathizing with the opposition may make you more politically persuasive

Trying to understand people we disagree with can feel like a lost cause, particularly in contentious political environments. But new research finds that valuing empathy across party lines can make our political arguments more persuasive.

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Birdsong reveals rare hybrid coupling 10 million years in the making

A team of researchers was able to use a combination of genomic sequencing and song analysis to identify a rare hybrid bird, whose ancestors haven't shared the same breeding location or lineage for 10 million years.

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New RNA-based tool can illuminate brain circuits, edit specific cells

Researchers have developed a customizable, RNA-based platform to target cells rather than genes. CellREADR enables scientists to add any protein to a designated cell type. Initial evidence demonstrates the new technology works for brain tissue in rodents and humans and its design relies on an enzyme found in every animal cell, suggesting easy adoption for other creatures and organs. It may provide an effective route to treating complex diseases like schizophrenia or cancer.

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Seaweed-based battery powers confidence in sustainable energy storage

A team uses nanomaterials made from seaweed to create a strong battery separator, paving the way for greener and more efficient energy storage.

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The determinants of persistent and severe COVID-19 revealed

In a recent study, researchers predict disruptions in the immune system that can lead to long-term or severe COVID-19.

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Eating late increases hunger, decreases calories burned, and changes fat tissue

Obesity afflicts approximately 42 percent of the U.S. adult population and contributes to the onset of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and other conditions. While popular healthy diet mantras advise against midnight snacking, few studies have comprehensively investigated the simultaneous effects of late eating on the three main players in body weight regulation and thus obesity risk: regulation of calorie intake, the number of calories you burn, and molecular changes in fat tissue. A new study provides experimental evidence that late eating causes decreased energy expenditure, increased hunger, and changes in fat tissue that combined may increase obesity risk.

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Keeping planes and wind turbines ice-free

Engineers have made a significant breakthrough in de-icing technology. New research examines a smart, hybrid -- meaning passive and also active -- de-icing system that works by combining an interfacial coating with an ice-detecting microwave sensor.

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Satellites capture massive drainage of proglacial lake in remote Patagonia

Only satellites were watching when the world's fourth-largest proglacial lake suddenly drained in 2020. Researchers now uncovered the event and analyzed the cause -- the collapse of a sediment bump at the outlet of the lake.

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Retiring increases amount of sleep and decreases physical activity

Researchers used accelerometers to study how the 24-hour movement behaviors, i.e. sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity change in relation to each other when a person retires. The results show an increase in the amount of sleep, which contributed to decreased amount of physical activity.

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Children with food allergy-related anxiety can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy

A new study shows that targeted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can significantly lessen food allergy-related anxiety (FAA) for both children and parents.

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Discovery of potential biological cause for postpartum depression opens door to new treatments

Newly discovered biological changes in mothers who suffer postpartum depression may help explain the condition, yield long-sought treatments and let doctors identify those at risk even before their babies are born.

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Unlocking the power of our emotional memory

You may not realize it, but each time you recall a memory -- like your first time riding a bike or walking into your high school prom -- your brain changes the memory ever so slightly. It's almost like adding a filter, with details being filled in and information being updated or lost with each recall.

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Human 'blastoids' offer medical hope but also deep ethical challenges

Research performed on human blastoids, a research model of an early embryo built out of stem cells, may allow scientists to understand better what causes birth defects and lost pregnancies, and so prevent them. But such research is also ethically fraught, warn bioethicists, due to differing beliefs on whether the blastoid possesses sentience or has the potential to do so.

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When air and road travel dropped during COVID, so did air pollution levels

A new study has found that ultrafine particle concentration decreased by 48 percent during the COVID-19 state-of-emergency period, which corresponded with aircraft and road traffic reductions of 74 percent and 51 percent, respectively.

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Ethics not only allow but demand placebo in some HIV cure trials, paper finds

Is it ethical to test possible HIV cures by having subjects stop taking antiretroviral therapy and then giving them placebos rather than the experimental treatment? The answer is often yes, according to a new paper.

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Biomarkers used to track benefits of anti-aging therapies can be misleading, suggests nematode study

Researchers followed the birth and death of tens of thousands of nematode worms using the 'Lifespan Machine', which collects lifespan data at unprecedented statistical resolution. They found that worms have at least two distinct 'biological ages', and that these have consistent correlations between each other, suggesting the existence of an invisible hierarchical structure that regulates the ageing process. The findings challenge the idea of living organisms having a single, universal biological age. It also means mean that biomarkers used to assess biological age can be changed by interventions such as diet, exercise, or drug treatments without actually turning a 'fast ager' into a 'slow ager'. The study calls into question the use of ageing biomarkers -- what exactly are they measuring?

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Researchers discover new molecular driver of retinoblastoma

Despite decades of medical advances, children who develop the pediatric eye cancer retinoblastoma often lose their vision or an eye due to a lack of specific, targeted therapies and a poor molecular understanding of the cancer. Now researchers have discovered that a molecule -- estrogen-related receptor gamma, or ESRRG -- becomes hyperactive and promotes tumor cell survival in retinoblastoma. Blocking ESRRG, the team reported, kills retinoblastoma cells.

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Misinformation about vaccine safety drives reluctance to vaccinate children, study finds

As of late September 2022, nearly 78 percent of U.S. adults but only 31 percent of children ages 5 to 11 had completed the primary set of vaccinations against COVID-19, according to health authorities. In a new study, researchers attribute that dramatic discrepancy in part to the acceptance of misinformation about the safety of vaccines in general and the COVID-19 vaccines in particular.

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Misinformation about vaccine safety drives reluctance to vaccinate children, study finds

As of late September 2022, nearly 78 percent of U.S. adults but only 31 percent of children ages 5 to 11 had completed the primary set of vaccinations against COVID-19, according to health authorities. In a new study, researchers attribute that dramatic discrepancy in part to the acceptance of misinformation about the safety of vaccines in general and the COVID-19 vaccines in particular.

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Schedule medical appointments for end of the week to increase attendance by over 10 per cent

A new academic study demonstrates for the first time that scheduling medical appointments later in the week increases patient attendance by over 10 per cent.

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Schedule medical appointments for end of the week to increase attendance by over 10 per cent

A new academic study demonstrates for the first time that scheduling medical appointments later in the week increases patient attendance by over 10 per cent.

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Scientists create 'non-psychedelic' compound with same anti-depressant effect

New research in animal models show it's possible to create a compound that hits the same exact target as psychedelic drugs hit -- the 5-HT2A serotonin receptors on the surface of specific neurons -- but does not cause the same psychedelic effects when given to mice.

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Disarming the body's defenders

A new study shows how certain cancers neutralize T cells to subvert the immune system and help tumors grow.

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Disarming the body's defenders

A new study shows how certain cancers neutralize T cells to subvert the immune system and help tumors grow.

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Exquisitely thin membranes can slash energy spent refining crude oil into fuel and plastic

Scientists have created a new type of nanomembrane that presents a less energy intensive way to fractionate hydrocarbons from crude oil. The global production of crude oil is currently around 80 million barrels per day. Hydrocarbons extracted from crude oil are the main ingredients for manufacturing fossil fuels, plastics, and polymers. The process by which they are extracted is extremely energy intensive. Membrane technology that can separate the molecules in crude oil by their different sizes and classes could be a far more energy efficient process, consuming 90% less energy.

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Rate of food insecurity skyrockets for Americans with cardiovascular disease

The number of Americans with cardiovascular disease who are food insecure -- having limited or uncertain access to adequate food -- has more than doubled over the last 20 years, a national study finds. Adults with cardiovascular disease were more than two times likely to be food insecure than those without the cardiovascular disease.

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Brain injury in preemies may be treatable even well after birth

Brain injury in extremely premature babies may be treatable even well after birth, new research finds. Over a third of cases of cerebral palsy are still linked to being born extremely prematurely.

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Rate of food insecurity skyrockets for Americans with cardiovascular disease

The number of Americans with cardiovascular disease who are food insecure -- having limited or uncertain access to adequate food -- has more than doubled over the last 20 years, a national study finds. Adults with cardiovascular disease were more than two times likely to be food insecure than those without the cardiovascular disease.

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