Fiber-optic ultrasonic imaging probe for future nanoscale disease diagnostics

Scientists have developed an ultrasonic imaging system, which can be deployed on the tip of a hair-thin optical fiber, and will be insertable into the human body to visualize cell abnormalities in 3D.

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Shortage of DNA building blocks in the cell releases mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondria are the energy suppliers of our body cells. These tiny cell components have their own genetic material, which triggers an inflammatory response when released into the interior of the cell. The reasons for the release are not yet known, but some cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the ageing process are linked to the mitochondrial genome. Researchers have investigated the reasons for the release of mitochondrial genetic material and found a direct link to cellular metabolism: when the cell's DNA building blocks are in short supply, mitochondria release their genetic material and trigger inflammation. The researchers hope to find new therapeutic approaches by influencing this metabolic pathway.

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'Pokemonas': Bacteria related to lung parasites discovered, named after Pokémon

'Pokemonas' live in round amoebae, similar to Pokémon, which are caught inside balls in the popular video game.

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Diverse spectrum of neurons that govern movement

Researchers have identified and mapped a diverse spectrum of motor neurons along the spinal cord.

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New genetic target for blood cancer treatment

Researchers have identified a vulnerability in some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia that could be harnessed for targeted treatment of these poor-prognosis cancers.

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Treatment found to improve cognitive function in patients with fragile X syndrome

An experimental treatment produced improvements in cognitive function and language in patients with fragile X syndrome, according to new study results.

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How diet controls RNA maturation

Particularly sensitive to chemical modifications, mRNAs are molecules responsible for transmitting the information encoded in our genome, allowing for the synthesis of proteins. Two teams have focused on a specific type of chemical modification - called methylation - of mRNA molecules in the small worm Caenorhabditis elegans. They found that methylation on a particular sequence of an mRNA leads to its degradation and that this control mechanism depends on the worm's diet.

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Not just for finding planets: Exoplanet-hunter TESS telescope spots bright gamma-ray burst

NASA has a long tradition of unexpected discoveries, and the space program's TESS mission is no different. Astrophysicists have discovered a particularly bright gamma-ray burst using a NASA telescope designed to find exoplanets - those occurring outside our solar system - particularly those that might be able to support life. It's the first time a gamma-ray burst has been found this way.

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How meningitis-causing bacteria may sense fever to avoid immune killing

Researchers have discovered a mechanism through which meningitis-causing bacteria can evade our immune system. In laboratory tests, they found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae respond to increasing temperatures by producing safeguards that keep them from getting killed. This may prime their defenses against our immune system and increase their chances of survival, the researchers say.

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Multi-drug resistant infection about to evolve within cystic fibrosis patients

Scientists have been able to track how a multi-drug resistant organism is able to evolve and spread widely among cystic fibrosis patients - showing that it can evolve rapidly within an individual during chronic infection. The researchers say their findings highlight the need to treat patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection immediately, counter to current medical practice.

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Lightning and subvisible discharges produce molecules that clean the atmosphere

Lightning bolts break apart nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere and create reactive chemicals that affect greenhouse gases. Now, a team of atmospheric chemists and lightning scientists have found that lightning bolts and, surprisingly, subvisible discharges that cannot be seen by cameras or the naked eye produce extreme amounts of the hydroxyl radical -- OH -- and hydroperoxyl radical -- HO2.

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Exploiting plants' ability to 'tell the time' to make food production more sustainable

Plant scientists say circadian clock genes, which enable plants to measure daily and seasonal rhythms, should be targeted in agriculture and crop breeding for higher yields and more sustainable farming.

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Fish have been swallowing microplastics since the 1950s

Researchers examined the guts of freshwater fish preserved in museum collections; they found that fish have been swallowing microplastics since the 1950s and that the concentration of microplastics in their guts has increased over time.

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How meningitis-causing bacteria may sense fever to avoid immune killing

Researchers have discovered a mechanism through which meningitis-causing bacteria can evade our immune system. In laboratory tests, they found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae respond to increasing temperatures by producing safeguards that keep them from getting killed. This may prime their defenses against our immune system and increase their chances of survival, the researchers say.

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Multi-drug resistant infection about to evolve within cystic fibrosis patients

Scientists have been able to track how a multi-drug resistant organism is able to evolve and spread widely among cystic fibrosis patients - showing that it can evolve rapidly within an individual during chronic infection. The researchers say their findings highlight the need to treat patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection immediately, counter to current medical practice.

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Eastern and Western house mice took parallel evolutionary paths after colonizing US

Parallel evolution is common, but do different animal populations evolve in similar ways and alter the same genes to adapt to similar environmental conditions? Researchers tested this in two U.S. populations of house mice. They found independent evolution of a heavier body and larger nests as Eastern and Western populations invaded northern habitats after introduction from Europe. Many of the same genes changed allele frequency along with the increase in body mass.

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A third of kids develop a mental health problem after concussion

A third of children and adolescents develop a mental health problem after a concussion, which could persist for several years post-injury, according to a new literature review.

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Mapping the 'superhighways' traveled by the first Australians

'Superhighways' used by a population of up to 6.5 million Indigenous Australians to navigate the continent tens of thousands of years ago have been revealed by new research using sophisticated modelling of past people and landscapes.

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The Arctic's greening, but it won't save us

New research suggests that new green biomass in the Arctic is not as large a carbon sink as scientists had hoped.

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A third of kids develop a mental health problem after concussion

A third of children and adolescents develop a mental health problem after a concussion, which could persist for several years post-injury, according to a new literature review.

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Risk of developmental difficulties remains high among children born early

Children born preterm (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) remain at high risk of developmental difficulties that can affect their behavior and ability to learn, finds a new study.

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Structural changes in snap-frozen proteins

Researchers have succeeded in ultra-fast freezing proteins after a precisely defined period of time. They were able to follow structural changes on the microsecond time scale and with sub-nanometer precision. Owing to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the method allows tracking rapid structural changes in enzymes and nucleic acids.

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Childhood psychiatric symptom risk strongly linked to adverse exposures during gestation

Adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy -- including those that occur before pregnancy is recognized -- have a sizable effect on risk for psychiatric symptoms in childhood. Researchers are working to discover, develop and implement early life interventions that can mitigate some of these risks.

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Avocado discovery may point to leukemia treatment

A compound in avocados may ultimately offer a route to better leukemia treatment, says a new study.

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How does the brain flexibly process complex information?

Human decision-making depends on the flexible processing of complex information, but how the brain may adapt processing to momentary task demands has remained unclear. Researchers have now outlined several crucial neural processes revealing that our brain networks may rapidly and flexibly shift from a rhythmic to a 'noisy' state when the need to process information increases.

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More than 25% of infants not getting common childhood vaccinations

More than a quarter of American infants in 2018 had not received common childhood vaccines that protect them from illnesses such as polio, tetanus, measles, mumps and chicken pox, new research reveals.

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Diseases affect brain's networks selectively, BrainMap analysis affirms

Researchers studied 43 brain disorders and strongly affirmed a theory called the 'network degeneration hypothesis.' This theory holds that disease-related structural damage invades functional networks used in human behavior and often repeats in 'co-alteration networks.'

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A new strain of a well-known probiotic might offer help for infants' intestinal problems

A new strain of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic is able to utilise both lactose and casein as well as reproduce in dairy products. The discovery can make it unnecessary to separately add the probiotic to dairy products, in addition to which it could fare better in the intestine, boosting gut health.

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Global glacier retreat has accelerated

Scientists have shown that almost all the world's glaciers are becoming thinner and losing mass - and that these changes are picking up pace. The team's analysis is the most comprehensive and accurate of its kind to date.

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Battery parts can be recycled without crushing or melting

Researchers have now discovered that electrodes in lithium batteries containing cobalt can be reused as is after being newly saturated with lithium. In comparison to traditional recycling, which typically extracts metals from crushed batteries by melting or dissolving them, the new process saves valuable raw materials, and likely also energy.

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Fish oil supplements and heart rhythm disorder: New analysis

Omega-3 supplements are associated with an increased likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation in people with high blood lipids, according to a new analysis.

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How does the brain flexibly process complex information?

Human decision-making depends on the flexible processing of complex information, but how the brain may adapt processing to momentary task demands has remained unclear. Researchers have now outlined several crucial neural processes revealing that our brain networks may rapidly and flexibly shift from a rhythmic to a 'noisy' state when the need to process information increases.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gKNp2R

More than 25% of infants not getting common childhood vaccinations

More than a quarter of American infants in 2018 had not received common childhood vaccines that protect them from illnesses such as polio, tetanus, measles, mumps and chicken pox, new research reveals.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3vxcEcO

Diseases affect brain's networks selectively, BrainMap analysis affirms

Researchers studied 43 brain disorders and strongly affirmed a theory called the 'network degeneration hypothesis.' This theory holds that disease-related structural damage invades functional networks used in human behavior and often repeats in 'co-alteration networks.'

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2QGfLAC

A new strain of a well-known probiotic might offer help for infants' intestinal problems

A new strain of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic is able to utilise both lactose and casein as well as reproduce in dairy products. The discovery can make it unnecessary to separately add the probiotic to dairy products, in addition to which it could fare better in the intestine, boosting gut health.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3u68sR0

Fish oil supplements and heart rhythm disorder: New analysis

Omega-3 supplements are associated with an increased likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation in people with high blood lipids, according to a new analysis.

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Risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 in people with diabetes

Do all people with diabetes have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, or can specific risk factors also be identified within this group? A new study has focused precisely on this question and gained relevant insights.

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Expressing variety of emotions earns entrepreneurs funding

Despite perceptions that entrepreneurs should always be positive about their ventures, a study found that entrepreneurs whose facial expressions moved through a mix of happiness, anger and fear during funding pitches were more successful. Researchers analyzed nearly 500 pitch videos from the online crowdfunding site Kickstarter. Those who varied their emotional expressions had more success on meeting their goal, total amount raised and number of contributors.

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Mammals evolved big brains after big disasters

A large study reveals the way relative brain size of mammals changed over the last 150 million years.

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Team builds better tool for assessing infant brain health

Researchers have created a new, open-access tool that allows doctors and scientists to evaluate infant brain health by assessing the concentration of various chemical markers, called metabolites, in the brain. The tool compiled data from 140 infants to determine normal ranges for these metabolites.

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Risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 in people with diabetes

Do all people with diabetes have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, or can specific risk factors also be identified within this group? A new study has focused precisely on this question and gained relevant insights.

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Expressing variety of emotions earns entrepreneurs funding

Despite perceptions that entrepreneurs should always be positive about their ventures, a study found that entrepreneurs whose facial expressions moved through a mix of happiness, anger and fear during funding pitches were more successful. Researchers analyzed nearly 500 pitch videos from the online crowdfunding site Kickstarter. Those who varied their emotional expressions had more success on meeting their goal, total amount raised and number of contributors.

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Team builds better tool for assessing infant brain health

Researchers have created a new, open-access tool that allows doctors and scientists to evaluate infant brain health by assessing the concentration of various chemical markers, called metabolites, in the brain. The tool compiled data from 140 infants to determine normal ranges for these metabolites.

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Social media and science show how ship's plastic cargo dispersed from Florida to Norway

Researchers combined sightings data reported by members of the public and oceanographic modelling tools to show how lost ink cartridges reached their resting place.

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Eye movements of those with dyslexia reveal laborious and inefficient reading strategies

A new article used eye-tracking technology to record eye movements of readers and concluded that people with dyslexia have a profoundly different and much more difficult way of sampling visual information than normal readers.

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Eye movements of those with dyslexia reveal laborious and inefficient reading strategies

A new article used eye-tracking technology to record eye movements of readers and concluded that people with dyslexia have a profoundly different and much more difficult way of sampling visual information than normal readers.

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Household aerosols now release more harmful smog chemicals than all UK vehicles

Aerosol products used in the home now emit more harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) air pollution than all the vehicles in the UK, new research shows. A new study reveals that the picture is damaging globally with the world's population now using huge numbers of disposable aerosols - more than 25 billion cans per year.

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'Dominating' fungus could be solution to producing more biofuels and chemicals

The discovery of a novel enzyme that releases a valuable chemical from agricultural waste could provide an important breakthrough in the upscaling of renewable fuels and chemicals, a new study shows.

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Solar-powered desalination unit shows great promise

Freshwater accounts for only about 2.5% of water on Earth, so much of the world experiences serious water shortages. Scientists report the development of a highly efficient desalination device that uses a titanium-containing layer capable of absorbing solar energy. When sunlight strikes the layer, it heats rapidly and vaporizes the water. By placing the unit in a transparent container with a sloped quartz roof, the water vapor can be condensed and collected.

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Major advance enables study of genetic mutations in any tissue

For the first time, scientists are able to study changes in the DNA of any human tissue, following the resolution of long-standing technical challenges. The new method, called nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), makes it possible to study how genetic changes occur in human tissues with unprecedented accuracy.

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New model may explain the mystery of asymmetry in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by slowness of movement and tremors, which often appear asymmetrically in patients. The new model of PD may explain these perplexing asymmetrical motor symptoms and other known variations such as different degrees of constipation and sleep disorders.

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Ageing impairs critical final egg maturation stage

Age may influence an a human egg cell's ability to process gene products essential for the last steps of its development. The final maturation stage is critical for reproduction because it provides the material early embryos need to develop normally and survive. The researchers also found that abnormal BMI also impacted oocyte development, but through different root mechanisms compared to the fertility decline caused by age.

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More sleep or more exercise: the best time trade-offs for children's health

More sleep could offset children's excess indulgence over the school holidays as new research shows that the same decline in body mass index may be achieved by either extra sleep or extra exercise.

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Household aerosols now release more harmful smog chemicals than all UK vehicles

Aerosol products used in the home now emit more harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) air pollution than all the vehicles in the UK, new research shows. A new study reveals that the picture is damaging globally with the world's population now using huge numbers of disposable aerosols - more than 25 billion cans per year.

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Linguists predict unknown words using language comparison

A new article describes an experiment that illustrates how the classical method for the reconstruction of unattested languages can also be used to predict hitherto undocumented words in poorly described and endangered languages of India.

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Black hole-neutron star collisions may help settle dispute over Universe's expansion

A new study simulated 25,000 scenarios of black holes and neutron stars colliding, aiming to see how many would likely be detected by instruments on Earth in the mid- to late-2020s. The researchers found that, by 2030, instruments on Earth could sense ripples in space-time caused by up to 3,000 such collisions, and that for around 100 of these events, telescopes would also see accompanying explosions of light.

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Only one in four people experience mild systemic side effects from COVID-19 vaccines, study finds

A large-scale study in the United Kingdom compares the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines and investigates the prevalence of mild side effects.

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Only one in four people experience mild systemic side effects from COVID-19 vaccines, study finds

A large-scale study in the United Kingdom compares the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines and investigates the prevalence of mild side effects.

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A new treatment that might keep COVID-19 patients off the ventilator

A new treatment is among the first known to reduce the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the flu in animals, according to a new study.

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Lactic acid bacteria can extend the shelf life of foods

Researchers have generated a lactic acid bacterium that efficiently secretes a food-grade preservative when grown on dairy waste.

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Spring forest flowers likely key to bumblebee survival

For more than a decade, ecologists have been warning of a downward trend in bumble bee populations across North America, with habitat destruction a primary culprit in those losses. While efforts to preserve wild bees in the Midwest often focus on restoring native flowers to prairies, a new study finds evidence of a steady decline in the availability of springtime flowers in wooded landscapes.

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Espresso, latte or decaf? Genetic code drives your desire for coffee

Whether you hanker for a hard hit of caffeine or favor the frothiness of a milky cappuccino, your regular coffee order could be telling you more about your cardio health than you think. In a new study of 390,435 people, researchers found causal genetic evidence that cardio health - as reflected in blood pressure and heart rate - influences coffee consumption.

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Drones provide bird's eye view of how turbulent tidal flows affect seabird foraging habits

Scientists used drones to provide a synchronized bird's eye view of what seabirds see and how their behavior changes depending on the movement of tidal flows beneath them.

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Espresso, latte or decaf? Genetic code drives your desire for coffee

Whether you hanker for a hard hit of caffeine or favor the frothiness of a milky cappuccino, your regular coffee order could be telling you more about your cardio health than you think. In a new study of 390,435 people, researchers found causal genetic evidence that cardio health - as reflected in blood pressure and heart rate - influences coffee consumption.

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RNA scientists identify many genes involved in neuron development

A team has identified many genes that are important in fruit flies' neuron development, and that had never been described before in that context.

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Researchers identify protein produced after stroke that triggers neurodegeneration

Researchers have identified a new protein implicated in cell death that provides a potential therapeutic target that could prevent or delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases following a stroke.

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New AI tool calculates materials' stress and strain based on photos

Researchers developed a machine-learning technique that uses an image to estimate the stresses and strains acting on a material. The advance could accelerate engineers' design process by eliminating the need to solve complex equations.

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Fishing in African waters

Industrial fleets from countries around the world have been increasingly fishing in African waters, but with climate change and increasing pollution threatening Africa's fish stocks, there is a growing concern of the sustainability of these marine fisheries if they continue to be exploited.

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Researchers identify protein produced after stroke that triggers neurodegeneration

Researchers have identified a new protein implicated in cell death that provides a potential therapeutic target that could prevent or delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases following a stroke.

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Mangrove genetic diversity in Africa

Researcher have published a large-scale study examining the genetic diversity of mangroves over more than 1,800 miles of coastline in the Western Indian Ocean, including Eastern Africa and several islands. This work showcases how oceanic currents create both connectivity and barriers between mangrove populations, with important implications for how to protect these ecosystems.

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New method preserves viable fruit fly embryos in liquid nitrogen

A team has developed a method that cryopreserves fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryos so they can be successfully recovered and developed into adult insects.

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New two-dimensional material

An international team has discovered a previously unknown two-dimensional material by using modern high-pressure technology. The new material, beryllonitrene, consists of regularly arranged nitrogen and beryllium atoms. It has an unusual electronic lattice structure that shows great potential for applications in quantum technology.

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Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer

A recent study shows that loneliness among middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

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The bluest of blue: A new algae-based switch is lighting up biological research

Scientists have discovered a novel ion channel protein that can be controlled by light, in a species of terrestrial alga. These channels respond to the shorter indigo blue wavelength of light, according to the researchers. Subsequent light-based manipulations of the channel find potential applications in the modulations of specific functions of nerves, muscles, and more, for biological research.

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Plasma acceleration: It's all in the mix

Scientists are celebrating not just one but two milestones in the development of innovative plasma accelerators. A group of scientists used their accelerator to test a technique that allows the energy distribution of the electron beams produced to be kept particularly narrow. They also used artificial intelligence to allow the accelerator to optimize its own operation.

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Fully recyclable printed electronics developed

Engineers have developed fully recyclable printed electronics. By demonstrating a crucial and relatively complex computer component -- the transistor -- created with three carbon-based inks, the researchers hope to inspire a new generation of recyclable electronics to help fight the growing global epidemic of electronic waste.

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Breastfeeding linked to higher neurocognitive testing scores in offspring

New research finds that children who were breastfed scored higher on neurocognitive tests. Researchers analyzed thousands of cognitive tests taken by nine and ten-year-olds whose mothers reported they were breastfed, and compared those results to scores of children who were not.

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New method preserves viable fruit fly embryos in liquid nitrogen

A team has developed a method that cryopreserves fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryos so they can be successfully recovered and developed into adult insects.

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Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer

A recent study shows that loneliness among middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

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The new EU climate target could phase out coal power in Europe as early as 2030

Tightening the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) in line with the EU Green Deal would dramatically speed up the decarbonization of Europe's power sector - and likely cause a demise of the coal industry.

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Comprehensive single-cell atlas of human teeth

Researchers have mapped the first complete atlas of single cells that make up the human teeth. Their research shows that the composition of human dental pulp and periodontium vary greatly. Their findings open up new avenues for cell-based dental therapeutic approaches.

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How oxygen radicals protect against cancer

Oxygen radicals in the body are generally considered dangerous because they can trigger something called oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In studies on mice, scientists have now discovered how oxygen radicals, conversely, can also reduce the risk of cancer and mitigate damage to the hereditary molecule DNA.

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Future drones likely to resemble 300-million-year-old flying machine

Researchers have drawn inspiration from a 300-million-year-old superior flying machine - the dragonfly - to show why future flapping wing drones will probably resemble the insect in shape, wings and gearing.

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Value from sewage? New technology makes pig farming more environmentally friendly

A novel nitrate removal system can clean up the wastewater produced by swine farms.

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Study first to explore combined impacts of fishing and ocean warming on fish populations

The combined effect of rapid ocean warming and the practice of targeting big fish is affecting the viability of wild populations and global fish stock says new research.

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Energy-saving gas turbines from the 3D printer

3D printing has opened up a completely new range of possibilities. One example is the production of novel turbine buckets. However, the 3D printing process often induces internal stress in the components which can in the worst case lead to cracks. Now a research team has succeeded in using neutrons for non-destructive detection of this internal stress - a key achievement for the improvement of the production processes.

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Comprehensive single-cell atlas of human teeth

Researchers have mapped the first complete atlas of single cells that make up the human teeth. Their research shows that the composition of human dental pulp and periodontium vary greatly. Their findings open up new avenues for cell-based dental therapeutic approaches.

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How oxygen radicals protect against cancer

Oxygen radicals in the body are generally considered dangerous because they can trigger something called oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In studies on mice, scientists have now discovered how oxygen radicals, conversely, can also reduce the risk of cancer and mitigate damage to the hereditary molecule DNA.

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Skin and bones repaired by bioprinting during surgery

Fixing traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull is difficult because of the many layers of different types of tissues involved, but now, researchers have repaired such defects in a rat model using bioprinting during surgery, and their work may lead to faster and better methods of healing skin and bones.

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Vertical turbines could be the future for wind farms

The now-familiar sight of traditional propeller wind turbines could be replaced in the future with wind farms containing more compact and efficient vertical turbines. New research has found that the vertical turbine design is far more efficient than traditional turbines in large scale wind farms, and when set in pairs the vertical turbines increase each other's performance by up to 15%.

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Extinct 'horned' crocodile gets new spot in the tree of life

New research has resolved a long-standing controversy about an extinct 'horned' crocodile that likely lived among humans in Madagascar. Based on ancient DNA, the study shows that the horned crocodile was closely related to 'true' crocodiles, including the famous Nile crocodile, but on a separate branch of the crocodile family tree. The study contradicts recent scientific thinking and also suggests that the ancestor of modern crocodiles likely originated in Africa.

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Skin and bones repaired by bioprinting during surgery

Fixing traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull is difficult because of the many layers of different types of tissues involved, but now, researchers have repaired such defects in a rat model using bioprinting during surgery, and their work may lead to faster and better methods of healing skin and bones.

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Sponges leave trails on the ocean floor

A team around deep-sea scientist has now discovered that sponges leave trails on the sea floor in the Arctic deep sea.

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A new way of rapidly counting and identifying viruses

A professor has introduced a new concept for rapidly analyzing for the presence of a virus from colds to coronaviruses. However, although the concept can identify that someone has a type of coronavirus for example, it would not be able to determine the type of coronavirus, or variants. Additional tests would still be required to find out the specific virus someone was infected with.

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A new perspective on the genomes of archaic humans

Researchers examined 14,000 genetic differences between modern humans and our most recent ancestors at a new level of detail. They found that differences in gene activation - not just genetic code - could underlie evolution of the brain and vocal tract.

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Two novel biobanks offer investigatory targets for cocaine and oxycodone addiction

Researchers have created to novel biobanks of diverse tissues from animals to further explore the biological bases and consequences of addiction to cocaine and oxycodone.

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Life science research result reporting set for boost under new system

A new guideline for reporting research results has been developed to improve reproducibility, replication, and transparency in life sciences.

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A new way of rapidly counting and identifying viruses

A professor has introduced a new concept for rapidly analyzing for the presence of a virus from colds to coronaviruses. However, although the concept can identify that someone has a type of coronavirus for example, it would not be able to determine the type of coronavirus, or variants. Additional tests would still be required to find out the specific virus someone was infected with.

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Microbes trap massive amounts of carbon

A new study finds a new microbial ecosystem thriving in violent conditions.

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Brain changes following traumatic brain injury share similarities with Alzheimer's disease

Brain changes in people with Alzheimer's disease and in those with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have significant similarities.

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Researchers reveal that homes in floodplains are overvalued by nearly $44 billion

Analysis of sales data and flood risk data over two decades indicates that housing markets fail to fully account for information about flood risk. The findings suggest that policies to improve risk communication could influence market outcomes.

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Hydrocracking our way to recycling plastic waste

Researchers have done developed a new method to convert single-use plastic waste into ready-to-use molecules for jet fuels, diesel and lubricants. It requires 50% less energy than other technologies and doesn't add carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And their process can treat a variety of plastics, even when they are mixed together.

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Research shows pain relieving effects of CBD

In an experimental pain study of CBD in humans, researchers conclude that CBD pain relief is driven by both pharmacological action and psychological placebo effects.

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Brain changes following traumatic brain injury share similarities with Alzheimer's disease

Brain changes in people with Alzheimer's disease and in those with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have significant similarities.

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Research shows pain relieving effects of CBD

In an experimental pain study of CBD in humans, researchers conclude that CBD pain relief is driven by both pharmacological action and psychological placebo effects.

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Can a newborn's brain discriminate speech sounds?

People's ability to perceive speech sounds has been deeply studied, specially during someone's first year of life, but what happens during the first hours after birth? Are babies born with innate abilities to perceive speech sounds, or do neural encoding processes need to age for some time?

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Implications are global in new study predicting Human exodus in Bangladesh

Researchers apply data science to predict how the cascading effects of the migration in Bangladesh will ultimately affect 1.3 million people across the country by 2050.

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Can a newborn's brain discriminate speech sounds?

People's ability to perceive speech sounds has been deeply studied, specially during someone's first year of life, but what happens during the first hours after birth? Are babies born with innate abilities to perceive speech sounds, or do neural encoding processes need to age for some time?

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New research uncovers continental crust emerged 500 million years earlier than thought

Researchers using a new method involving the mineral barite have dated the first emergence of continental crust to 500 million years earlier than previously thought.

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Mapping the path to rewilding: The importance of landscape

New research suggests efforts to rewild a landscape must take geography and geology into account -- an approach that could be applied globally to help conservation biologists save wild ecosystems.

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Stable coral cell lines cultured

Researchers in Japan have established sustainable cell lines in a coral - a success which could prove to be a pivotal moment for gaining a deeper understanding of the biology of these vital marine creatures. Seven out of eight cell cultures, seeded from the stony coral, Acropora tenuis, have continuously proliferated for over 10 months.

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Genome sequencing delivers hope and warning for the survival of the Sumatran rhinoceros

A study shows that the last remaining populations of the Sumatran rhinoceros display surprisingly low levels of inbreeding. The genomes from 21 modern and historical rhinoceros' specimens were sequenced to investigate the genetic health in rhinos living today and ones that recently became extinct. With less than 100 individuals remaining, the Sumatran rhinoceros is one of the most endangered mammal species in the world.

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Discovery of an elusive cell type in fish sensory organs

Scientists have reported newly identified invasive ionocytes in the sensory organs of larval and adult zebrafish fish that may provide clues to how sensory organs continue to function in changing environments.

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3D holographic head-up display could improve road safety

Researchers have developed the first LiDAR-based augmented reality head-up display for use in vehicles. Tests on a prototype version of the technology suggest that it could improve road safety by 'seeing through' objects to alert of potential hazards without distracting the driver.

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Seismicity on Mars full of surprises, in first continuous year of data

The SEIS seismometer package from the Mars InSight lander has collected its first continuous Martian year of data, revealing some surprises among the more than 500 marsquakes detected so far.

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Climate has shifted the axis of the Earth

Melting glaciers redistributed enough water to cause the direction of polar wander to turn and accelerate eastward during the mid-1990s, according to a new study.

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From toxic ions to single-atom copper

Researchers offer conclusive research for understanding how bacteria found in copper mines convert toxic copper ions to stable single-atom copper. Their research demonstrates how copper-resistant bacterium from a copper mine in Brazil convert copper sulfate ions into zero-valent metallic copper.

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Synthetic gelatin-like material mimics lobster underbelly's stretch and strength

Researchers fabricated a synthetic hydrogel that mimics the stretch and strength of a lobster's underbelly. The material could provide a blueprint for stretchy protective fabrics and artificial tissues.

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Newly discovered immune cell function vital to healing

Cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of death, is the result of oxygen deprivation as blood perfusion to affected tissue is prevented. To halt the development of the disease and to promote healing, re-establishment of blood flow is crucial. Researchers have now discovered that one of the most common immune cells in the human body, macrophages, play an important role in re-establishing and controlling blood flow, something that can be used to develop new drugs.

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Heartbeat can help detect signs of consciousness in patients after a coma

A new study shows that heart brain interactions, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), provide a novel diagnostic method for patients with disorders of consciousness.

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Bacteria and viruses infect our cells through sugars: Now researchers want to know how they do it

Most infectious bacteria and viruses bind to sugars on the surface of our cells. Now researchers have created a library of tens of thousands of natural cells containing all the sugars found on the surface of our cells. The library may help us understand the role played by sugars and their receptors in the immune system and the brain, the researchers behind the study explain.

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Fight or flight response may hinge on protein in skeletal muscular system

Researchers say a regulatory protein found in skeletal muscle fiber may play an important role in the body's fight or flight response when encountering stressful situations.

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Flexible diet may help leaf-eating lemurs survive deforestation

A new study sequencing the genome of four species of sifakas (Propithecus), a genus of lemurs found in Madagascar's forests, reveals that these animals' taste for leaves runs all the way to their genes, which are also more diverse than expected for an endangered species. But they can also thrive on fruit and flowers, which may be an advantage over being strictly leaves-only or fruit-only in the face of forest fragmentation.

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Climate change affects deep-sea corals and sponges differently

Corals and sponges are important foundations in ocean ecosystems providing structure and habitats that shelter a high number of species like fish, crabs and other creatures, particularly in the seamounts and canyons of the deep sea. Researchers have discovered that when it comes to climate change not all deep-sea corals and sponges are affected the same and some could be threatened if average ocean temperatures continue to increase in the deep sea of the Northwest Atlantic.

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Defense mechanisms in aphids can become a double-edged sword, sharpened by the seasons

Scientists examined the biological variations in pea aphids, insects that reproduce frequently enough to evolve before our eyes, by tracing the prevalence of their protective endosymbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, which the insects use to ward off parasitoid wasps.

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Skeletal defects may be ameliorated after immobility in the womb

Researchers have discovered that some skeletal defects associated with a lack of movement in the womb during early development may still be ameliorated after such periods of immobility if movement resumes. The discovery was made using chicken embryos, which develop similarly to their human equivalents and which can be easily viewed as development takes place - raising hopes that the finding may also apply to humans and thus have important implications for therapeutic interventions.

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Skeletal defects may be ameliorated after immobility in the womb

Researchers have discovered that some skeletal defects associated with a lack of movement in the womb during early development may still be ameliorated after such periods of immobility if movement resumes. The discovery was made using chicken embryos, which develop similarly to their human equivalents and which can be easily viewed as development takes place - raising hopes that the finding may also apply to humans and thus have important implications for therapeutic interventions.

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The largest assessment of global groundwater wells finds many are at risk of drying up

'Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.' It's a silly rhyme, but one that highlights a simple fact: Humans have long relied on wells -- such as the one visited by Jack and Jill -- for their primary drinking water supply.

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Red Sea is no longer a baby ocean

The Red Sea is a fascinating and still puzzling area of investigation for geoscientists. Controversial questions include its age and whether it represents a special case in ocean basin formation or if it has evolved similarly to other, larger ocean basins. Researchers have now published a new tectonic model that suggests that the Red Sea is not only a typical ocean, but more mature than thought before.

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How philosophy can change the understanding of pain

Researchers have investigated how philosophical approaches can be used to think in new ways about pain and its management. The researchers advocate not merely reducing chronic pain management to searching and treating underlying physical changes but instead adopting an approach that focuses on the person as a whole.

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US asbestos sites made risky by some remediation strategies

Efforts to prevent human exposure to asbestos may be mobilizing the cancer-causing mineral so that it can reach water supplies, based on new findings about how the fibers move through soil.

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Living cells: Individual receptors caught in the act of coupling

A new imaging technique that can capture movies of individual receptors on the surface of living cells in unprecedented detail could pave the way to a trove of new drugs.

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Climate-friendly microbes chomp dead plants without releasing heat-trapping methane

Scientists have identified a new phylum of microbes found around the world that appear to be playing an important (and surprising) role in the global carbon cycle by helping break down decaying plants without producing the greenhouse gas methane.

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Teaching pupils to 'think like Da Vinci' will help them to take on climate change

Reforms to the school curriculum which mix the arts and sciences, so that these subjects 'teach together' around common themes like climate change and food security, will better prepare young people for the real-world challenges that will define their adult lives, researchers argue in a new paper.

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Scientists probe mysterious melting of Earth's crust in western North America

An unusual belt of igneous rocks stretches for over 2,000 miles from British Columbia, Canada, to Sonora, Mexico, running through Idaho, Montana, Nevada, southeast California and Arizona.

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How philosophy can change the understanding of pain

Researchers have investigated how philosophical approaches can be used to think in new ways about pain and its management. The researchers advocate not merely reducing chronic pain management to searching and treating underlying physical changes but instead adopting an approach that focuses on the person as a whole.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3exwvC9

Living cells: Individual receptors caught in the act of coupling

A new imaging technique that can capture movies of individual receptors on the surface of living cells in unprecedented detail could pave the way to a trove of new drugs.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/32XkPmR

Teaching pupils to 'think like Da Vinci' will help them to take on climate change

Reforms to the school curriculum which mix the arts and sciences, so that these subjects 'teach together' around common themes like climate change and food security, will better prepare young people for the real-world challenges that will define their adult lives, researchers argue in a new paper.

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Radar satellites can better protect against bushfires and floods

New research has revealed how radar satellites can improve the ability to detect, monitor, prepare for and withstand natural disasters in Australia including bushfires, floods and earthquakes.

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Quantum steering for more precise measurements

Quantum systems consisting of several particles can be used to measure magnetic or electric fields more precisely. A young physicist has now proposed a new scheme for such measurements that uses a particular kind of correlation between quantum particles.

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Study paves the way for new photosensitive materials

Scientists are investigating the molecular dynamics of titania clusters. Such research is a basic step toward the development of more efficient photocatalysts.

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Hungry fruit flies are extreme ultramarathon fliers

New research indicates that the common fruit fly can travel tens of kilometers in a single flight when in search of food.

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Silver ions hurry up, then wait as they disperse

Chemists quantify the release mechanism of silver ions from gold-silver nanoparticle alloys. The nanoparticles are being studied for use as catalyst in hydrogen evolution and other applications.

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Machine learning model generates realistic seismic waveforms

A new machine-learning model that generates realistic seismic waveforms will reduce manual labor and improve earthquake detection, according to a new study.

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Ankle exoskeleton enables faster walking

In lab tests, researchers found that an optimized ankle exoskeleton system increased participants' walking speed by about 40 percent compared with their regular speed. The researchers hope someday to help restore walking speed in older adults.

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Recreating the earliest stages of life

A group of scientists has now demonstrated the presence of precursors of the placenta and the amniotic sac in synthetic embryos they created from mouse stem cells.

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Freeze! Executioner protein caught in the act

A new molecular 'freeze frame' technique has allowed researchers to see key steps in how the protein MLKL kills cells.

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Poor iodine levels in women pose risks to fetal intellectual development in pregnancy

An increasing number of young women are at increased risk of having children born with impaired neurological conditions, due to poor iodine intake.

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Immune system, not COVID virus, may pose greatest risk to pregnant women

Scientists investigated whether the COVID-19 virus could be affecting placental tissue of infected expectant mothers. Their analysis found that while evidence of the virus in the placenta is rare, the placenta in infected mothers tended to exhibit a much higher level of immune system activity than those of non-infected pregnant women, they report.

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Immune system, not COVID virus, may pose greatest risk to pregnant women

Scientists investigated whether the COVID-19 virus could be affecting placental tissue of infected expectant mothers. Their analysis found that while evidence of the virus in the placenta is rare, the placenta in infected mothers tended to exhibit a much higher level of immune system activity than those of non-infected pregnant women, they report.

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Lithium treats intellectual defects in mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Mice with symptoms that mimic Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) have difficulty with learning and generating new neurons in the hippocampus. However, according to a new study, these mental defects can be successfully treated with lithium.

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Pregnant women with COVID-19 face high mortality rate

In a worldwide study of 2,100 pregnant women, those who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy were 20 times more likely to die than those who did not contract the virus.

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Lithium treats intellectual defects in mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Mice with symptoms that mimic Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) have difficulty with learning and generating new neurons in the hippocampus. However, according to a new study, these mental defects can be successfully treated with lithium.

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Pregnant women with COVID-19 face high mortality rate

In a worldwide study of 2,100 pregnant women, those who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy were 20 times more likely to die than those who did not contract the virus.

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Ancient Indigenous forest gardens promote a healthy ecosystem

A new study by historical ecologists finds that Indigenous-managed forests -- cared for as 'forest gardens' -- contain more biologically and functionally diverse species than surrounding conifer-dominated forests and create important habitat for animals and pollinators.

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Mars has right ingredients for present-day microbial life beneath its surface, study finds

New research suggests that rocks in the Martian crust could produce the same kind of chemical energy that supports microbial life deep beneath Earth's surface.

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Study of 'breakthrough' cases suggests COVID testing may be here to stay

Two new cases helped scientists confirm what many have come to suspect: that people can get infected by SARS-CoV-2 variants even after successful vaccination. The findings suggest continued testing may be needed to prevent future outbreaks in a post-vaccine world.

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Among COVID-19 survivors, an increased risk of death, serious illness

Researchers showed that COVID-19 survivors -- including those not sick enough to be hospitalized -- have an increased risk of death in the six months following diagnosis with the virus. They also have catalogued the numerous diseases associated with COVID-19, providing a big-picture overview of the long-term complications of COVID-19 and revealing the massive burden this disease is likely to place on the world's population in the coming years.

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Artificial intelligence model predicts which key of the immune system opens the locks of coronavirus

A new artificial intelligence (AI) method is helping researchers link immune cells to their targets and, for example, uncouple which white blood cells recognize SARS-CoV-2. The tool has broad applications in understanding the function of the immune system in infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.

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Faster air exchange in buildings not always beneficial for coronavirus levels

Vigorous and rapid air exchanges might not always be a good thing when it comes to levels of coronavirus particles in a multiroom building, according to a new modeling study. Particle levels can spike in downstream rooms shortly after rapid ventilation.

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Common antibiotic effective in healing coral disease lesions

An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in humans is showing promise in treating stony coral, found throughout the tropical western Atlantic, including several areas currently affected by stony coral tissue loss disease. Preserving M. cavernosa colonies is important due to its high abundance and role as a dominant reef builder in the northern section of Florida's Coral Reef. Results show that the Base 2B plus amoxicillin treatment had a 95 percent success rate at healing individual disease lesions.

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More belly weight increases danger of heart disease even if BMI does not indicate obesity

Research on how obesity impacts the diagnosis, management and outcomes of heart and blood vessel disease, heart failure and arrhythmias is summarized in a new statement. Waist circumference, an indicator of abdominal obesity, should be regularly measured as it is a potential warning sign of increased cardiovascular disease risk. Interventions that lead to weight loss improve risk factors yet may not always lead to improvement in coronary artery disease outcomes.

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Know your ally: Cooperative male dolphins can tell who's on their team

When it comes to friendships and rivalries, male dolphins know who the good team players are. New findings reveal that male dolphins form a social concept of team membership based on cooperative investment in the team.

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Membranes unlock potential to vastly increase cell-free vaccine production

Researchers discovered that enriching cell-free vaccine extracts with cellular membranes increased the yields of protein-based vaccines by five-fold, significantly broadening access to potentially lifesaving medicines.

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Average-risk individuals may prefer stool-based test over colonoscopy for cancer screening

When given a choice, most individuals with an average risk of colorectal cancer said they would prefer a stool-based screening test for colorectal cancer over colonoscopy, the method most often recommended by health care providers.

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Higher mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of cancer

Higher mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of cancer, according to a new study. The systematic review and meta-analysis examined 17 cancer studies published from 1966 to 2020. Analyzing data from more than 19,500 cancer patients, researchers explored the relationship between mushroom consumption and cancer risk.

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California's worst wildfires are helping improve air quality prediction

Engineers are developing methods to estimate the impact of California's destructive wildfires on air quality in neighborhoods affected by the smoke from these fires. Their research fills in the gaps in current methods by providing air quality information at the neighborhood scales required by public health officials to make health assessments and evacuation recommendations.

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Study explains 'cocktail party effect' in hearing impairment

Plenty of people struggle to make sense of a multitude of converging voices in a crowded room. Commonly known as the 'cocktail party effect,' people with hearing loss find it's especially difficult to understand speech in a noisy environment. New research suggests that, for some listeners, this may have less to do with actually discerning sounds. Instead, it may be a processing problem in which two ears blend different sounds together - a condition known as binaural pitch fusion.

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Mechanical engineers develop new high-performance artificial muscle technology

Researchers have developed a new, high-performance artificial muscle technology. The new technology enables more human-like motion due to its flexibility and adaptability, but outperforms human skeletal muscle in several metrics.

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Mars' changing habitability recorded by ancient dune fields in Gale crater

An international team has found evidence of ancient dunes on Mars that could help explain ancient surface conditions.

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The future looks bright for infinitely recyclable plastic

Plastics are ubiquitous, but they're not practical. Less than 10% are recycled, and the other approximately 8 billion tons are creating a pollution crisis. Researchers are determined to change that. A new analysis shows producing and recycling their game-changing new plastic could be easy and cheap enough to leave old plastics in the dust.

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The intricate dance between waves, wind, and gliding pelicans explored

It's a common sight: pelicans gliding along the waves, right by the shore. These birds make this kind of surfing look effortless, but actually the physics involved that give them a big boost are not simple. Researchers have recently developed a theoretical model that describes how the ocean, the wind and the birds in flight interact.

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A growing problem of 'deepfake geography': How AI falsifies satellite images

Using satellite photos of three cities and drawing upon methods used to manipulate video and audio files, a team of researchers set out to identify new ways of detecting fake satellite photos and warn of the dangers of falsified geospatial data.

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Pepper the robot talks to itself to improve its interactions with people

Ever wondered why your virtual home assistant doesn't understand your questions? Or why your navigation app took you on the side street instead of the highway? Researchers have now designed a robot that 'thinks out loud' so that users can hear its thought process and better understand the robot's motivations and decisions.

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Jane Austen quote encoded in a polymer

Using a novel molecular-data-storage technique, researchers have encoded a quote from Jane Austen's classic novel Mansfield Park in a series of oligomers, which a third party could read back without prior knowledge of the structures that encoded the passage.

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ALMA discovers rotating infant galaxy with help of natural cosmic telescope

Using ALMA, astronomers found a rotating baby galaxy 1/100th the size of the Milky Way at a time when the Universe was only seven percent of its present age. Thanks to assistance by the gravitational lens effect, the team was able to explore for the first time the nature of small and dark 'normal galaxies' in the early Universe, which greatly advances our understanding of the initial phase of galaxy evolution.

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Astronomers release new all-sky map of Milky Way's outer reaches

The highlight of the new chart is a wake of stars, stirred up by a small galaxy set to collide with the Milky Way. The map could also offer a new test of dark matter theories.

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Why climate change is driving some to skip having kids

A new study finds that overconsumption, overpopulation and uncertainty about the future are among the top concerns of those who say climate change is affecting their reproductive decision-making.

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Improved management of farmed peatlands could cut 500 million tons CO2

Substantial cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions could be achieved by raising water levels in agricultural peatlands, according to a new study in the journal Nature. A team of researchers led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology estimates halving drainage depths in these areas could cut emissions by around 500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, which equates to 1 per cent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities.

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Why climate change is driving some to skip having kids

A new study finds that overconsumption, overpopulation and uncertainty about the future are among the top concerns of those who say climate change is affecting their reproductive decision-making.

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Mice master complex thinking with a remarkable capacity for abstraction

Categorization is the brain's tool to organize nearly everything we encounter in our daily lives. Grouping information into categories simplifies our complex world and helps us to react quickly and effectively to new experiences. Scientists have now shown that also mice categorize surprisingly well. The researchers identified neurons encoding learned categories and thereby demonstrated how abstract information is represented at the neuronal level.

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Central African forests are unequally vulnerable to global change

An international study reveals the composition of the tropical forests of Central Africa and their vulnerability to the increased pressure from climate change and human activity expected in the coming decades. Thanks to an exceptional dataset - an inventory of over 6 million trees across five countries - the researchers have produced the first continuous maps of the floristic and functional composition of these forests, allowing them to identify the most vulnerable areas.

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Climate 'tipping points' need not be the end of the world

The disastrous consequences of climate 'tipping points' could be averted if global warming was reversed quickly enough, new research suggests.

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Wildfire smoke linked to skin disease

Wildfire smoke can trigger a host of respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms, ranging from runny nose and cough to a potentially life-threatening heart attack or stroke. A new study suggests that the dangers posed by wildfire smoke may also extend to the largest organ in the human body, and our first line of defense against outside threat: the skin.

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In calculating the social cost of methane, equity matters

A new study reports that the social cost of methane - a greenhouse gas that is 30 times as potent as carbon dioxide in its ability to trap heat - varies by as much as an order of magnitude between industrialized and developing regions of the world.

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Bi-stable pop-up structures inspired by origami

Researchers have developed bi-stable inflatable structures inspired by origami.

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To design truly compostable plastic, scientists take cues from nature

Scientists have designed an enzyme-activated compostable plastic that could diminish microplastics pollution. Household tap water or soil composts break the hybrid plastic material down to reusable small molecules, called monomers, in just a few days or weeks.

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Improved management of farmed peatlands could cut 500 million tons CO2

Substantial cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions could be achieved by raising water levels in agricultural peatlands, according to a new study in the journal Nature. A team of researchers led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology estimates halving drainage depths in these areas could cut emissions by around 500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, which equates to 1 per cent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities.

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Mice master complex thinking with a remarkable capacity for abstraction

Categorization is the brain's tool to organize nearly everything we encounter in our daily lives. Grouping information into categories simplifies our complex world and helps us to react quickly and effectively to new experiences. Scientists have now shown that also mice categorize surprisingly well. The researchers identified neurons encoding learned categories and thereby demonstrated how abstract information is represented at the neuronal level.

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Wildfire smoke linked to skin disease

Wildfire smoke can trigger a host of respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms, ranging from runny nose and cough to a potentially life-threatening heart attack or stroke. A new study suggests that the dangers posed by wildfire smoke may also extend to the largest organ in the human body, and our first line of defense against outside threat: the skin.

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How SARS coronaviruses reprogram host cells to their own benefit

Researchers have found a specific mechanism that enables SARS viruses to replicate efficiently in infected cells.

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Enormous flare from sun's nearest neighbor breaks records

On May 1, 2019, researchers observed a record-setting flare from the star Proxima Centauri -- a burst of energy roughly 100 times more powerful than any similar event seen from Earth's sun.

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Camera traps find endangered dryas monkeys

The Endangered dryas monkey is one of Africa's most mysterious primates. They are difficult to find because they live in dense vegetation in secondary forest thickets. Using non-invasive research and no-flash camera traps from 2014 to 2019, scientists have confirmed the occurrence of the dryas monkey at seven locations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo spanning a total area of 3,453 square kilometers, based on opportunistic reports provided by local village residents and park patrols.

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New insights on inflammation in COVID-19

Severe cases of COVID-19 can involve extensive inflammation in the body, and clinicians have wondered if this state is similar to what are called cytokine storm syndromes. A new study indicates that different markers in the blood clearly differentiate excessive inflammation in critical COVID-19 from cytokine storm syndromes.

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New insights on inflammation in COVID-19

Severe cases of COVID-19 can involve extensive inflammation in the body, and clinicians have wondered if this state is similar to what are called cytokine storm syndromes. A new study indicates that different markers in the blood clearly differentiate excessive inflammation in critical COVID-19 from cytokine storm syndromes.

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Outback radio telescope discovers dense, spinning, dead star

Astronomers have discovered a pulsar -- a dense and rapidly spinning neutron star sending radio waves into the cosmos -- using a low-frequency radio telescope in outback Australia. The new pulsar is located more than 3,000 light-years from Earth and spins about once every second. Pulsars are used by astronomers for applications including testing the laws of physics under extreme conditions.

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Crucial action needed for coral reefs

An international group of scientific experts has stated the requirements for coral reef survival in a recent article. Over 500 million people rely on coral reefs.

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Disrupted sleep is linked to increased risk of early death, particularly in women

For the first time, a study has shown a clear link between the frequency and duration of unconscious wakefulness during night-time sleep and an increased risk of dying from diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and death from any cause, particularly in women.

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Predicting the next pandemic virus is harder than we think

The observation that most of the viruses that cause human diseases come from other animals has led some researchers to attempt 'zoonotic risk prediction' to second-guess the next virus to hit us. However, in a new essay, experts propose that these zoonotic risk predictions are of limited value and will not tell us which virus will cause the next pandemic.

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Designing healthy diets with computer analysis

A new mathematical model for the interaction of bacteria in the gut could help design new probiotics and specially tailored diets to prevent diseases.

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Drug development platform could provide flexible, rapid and targeted antimicrobials

Researchers have created a platform that can develop effective and highly specific peptide nucleic acid therapies for use against any bacteria within just one week. The work could change the way we respond to pandemics and how we approach increasing cases of antibiotic resistance globally.

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Using engineering methods to track the imperceptible movements of stony corals

A new study borrowed image-analysis methods from engineering to spot the minute movements of a stony coral.

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The immune link between a leaky blood-brain barrier and schizophrenia

Research points to the involvement of the immune system the brain as a contributor to mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

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Helpful, engineered 'living' machines in the future?

Engineered, autonomous machines combined with artificial intelligence have long been a staple of science fiction, and often in the role of villain like the Cylons in the 'Battlestar Galactica' reboot, creatures composed of biological and engineered materials. But what if these autonomous soft machines were ... helpful?

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Food allergies, changes to infant gut bacteria linked to method of childbirth, ethnicity

Researchers have found a causal link between caesarean section birth, low intestinal microbiota and peanut sensitivity in infants, and they report the effect is more pronounced in children of Asian descent than others, in a recently published article.

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Was Cascadia's 1700 earthquake part of a sequence of earthquakes?

The famous 1700 Cascadia earthquake that altered the coastline of western North America and sent a tsunami across the Pacific Ocean to Japan may have been one of a sequence of earthquakes, according to new research.

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'Undruggable' cancer protein becomes druggable, thanks to shrub

A chemist has found a way to synthesize a compound to fight a previously 'undruggable' cancer protein with benefits across a myriad of cancer types.

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Restoration efforts can brighten an ecosystem's future, but cannot erase its past

An expansive project is examining the benefits, and limits, of environmental restoration on developed land after humans are done with it.

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Deregulated US Government oversight on interstate waters leaves murky implications for states

Concern tends to ratchet up a notch when pollution enters the river runoff discussion on a national scale, specifically when smaller, navigable intrastate bodies of water push pollution into larger interstate waters often involved in commerce (i.e. the Mississippi River, Great Lakes, Ohio River).

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'Dead clades walking': Fossil record provides new insights into mass extinctions

Mass extinctions are known as times of global upheaval, causing rapid losses in biodiversity that wipe out entire animal groups. Some of the doomed groups linger on before going extinct, and a team of scientists found these 'dead clades walking' (DCW) are more common and long-lasting than expected.

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'Information theory' recruited to help scientists find cancer genes

Using a widely known field of mathematics designed mainly to study how digital and other forms of information are measured, stored and shared, scientists say they have uncovered a likely key genetic culprit in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

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Marine animals inspire new approaches to structural topology optimization

Researchers have uncovered a new approach to structural topology optimization is outlined that unifies both design and manufacturing to create novel microstructures. Potential applications range from improved facial implants for cranial reconstruction to better ways to get materials into space for planetary exploration.

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Fixed network of smartphones provides earthquake early warning in Costa Rica

Earthquake early warnings can be delivered successfully using a small network of off-the-shelf smartphones attached to building baseboards, according to a study conducted in Costa Rica last year.

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Multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics, vitamin D may lessen risk of positive COVID-19 test

Taking multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics or vitamin D supplements may lessen the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 infection -- at least among women, indicates a large population study.

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Cellular impact of 'Heat not Burn' products may be no less harmful than cigarettes

The impact on lung cells of 'Heat not Burn' products -- a hybrid between traditional cigarettes and electronic vaping devices -- may be no less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, suggest the findings of a small comparative study.

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Novel drug regenerates erectile nerves damaged by prostate surgery

Researchers have developed a topical drug that regenerates and restores the function of erectile nerves damaged by radical prostatectomy, the most common treatment for localized prostate cancer. The drug was tested in rats.

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Epidural use at birth not linked to autism risk, study finds

Refuting an earlier study, researchers found that epidural anesthesia, commonly administered for pain relief during labor, does not increase the risk for autism in children.

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Beetles that pee themselves to death could be tomorrow's pest control

Various beetle species have gobbled through grain stores and weakened food production worldwide since ancient times. Now, researchers seek to exploit beetles' greatest strength against them -- their precisely regulated mechanism of balancing fluids.

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Cool and COVID-safe: How radiant cooling could keep our cities comfortable and healthy

A novel system of chilled panels that can replace air conditioning can also help reduce the risk of indoor disease transmission, new analysis suggests.

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Individualized training is key for autistic adolescents learning to drive

A new study identified clear strengths and a series of specific challenges autistic adolescents experience while learning to drive.

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Flushing a public toilet? Don't linger, because aerosolized droplets do

Because COVID-19 has been detected in urine and stool samples, public restrooms can be cause for concern. Researchers measured droplets generated from flushing a toilet and a urinal in a public restroom and found a substantial increase in the measured aerosol levels in the ambient environment with the total number of droplets generated in each flushing test ranging up to the tens of thousands. Due to their small size, these droplets can remain suspended for a long time.

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Multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics, vitamin D may lessen risk of positive COVID-19 test

Taking multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics or vitamin D supplements may lessen the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 infection -- at least among women, indicates a large population study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3v6PZnK

Cellular impact of 'Heat not Burn' products may be no less harmful than cigarettes

The impact on lung cells of 'Heat not Burn' products -- a hybrid between traditional cigarettes and electronic vaping devices -- may be no less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, suggest the findings of a small comparative study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3naRi27

Novel drug regenerates erectile nerves damaged by prostate surgery

Researchers have developed a topical drug that regenerates and restores the function of erectile nerves damaged by radical prostatectomy, the most common treatment for localized prostate cancer. The drug was tested in rats.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2QHfxss

Epidural use at birth not linked to autism risk, study finds

Refuting an earlier study, researchers found that epidural anesthesia, commonly administered for pain relief during labor, does not increase the risk for autism in children.

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Supplement treats schizophrenia in mice, restores healthy 'dance' and structure of neurons

A simple dietary supplement reduces behavioral symptoms in mice with a genetic mutation that causes schizophrenia. After additional experiments, including visualizing the fluorescently stained dancing edge of immature brain cells, researchers concluded that the supplement likely protects proteins that build neurons' cellular skeletons.

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Little Foot fossil shows early human ancestor clung closely to trees

The fossil provides the oldest, most intact example of the shoulder of a human ancestor ever found. The bones provide telltale clues of how the individual moved and was adapted to climbing, a research team reports.

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Can extreme melt destabilize ice sheets?

Researchers have deciphered a trove of data that shows one season of extreme melt can reduce the Greenland Ice Sheet's capacity to store future meltwater - and increase the likelihood of future melt raising sea levels.

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Rock glaciers will slow Himalayan ice melt

Some Himalayan glaciers are more resilient to global warming than previously predicted, new research suggests.

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Snake venom complexity is driven by prey diet

Diversity in diet plays a role in the complexity of venom in pit vipers such as rattlesnakes, copperheads and cottonmouths. But new collaborative research found the number of prey species a snake ate did not drive venom complexity. Rather, it was how far apart the prey species were from each other evolutionarily.

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B cell activating factor possible key to hemophilia immune tolerance

A group of scientists have just made a key discovery that could prevent and eradicate immune responses that lead to treatment failure in about one-third of people with severe hemophilia A.

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Tiny implantable tool for light-sheet imaging of brain activity

Tools for optical imaging of brain activity in freely moving animals have considerable potential for expanding the scientific understanding of the brain. However, existing technologies for imaging brain activity with light have challenges. An international team of scientists has now developed an implantable probe for light-sheet imaging of the brain.

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B cell activating factor possible key to hemophilia immune tolerance

A group of scientists have just made a key discovery that could prevent and eradicate immune responses that lead to treatment failure in about one-third of people with severe hemophilia A.

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Tiny implantable tool for light-sheet imaging of brain activity

Tools for optical imaging of brain activity in freely moving animals have considerable potential for expanding the scientific understanding of the brain. However, existing technologies for imaging brain activity with light have challenges. An international team of scientists has now developed an implantable probe for light-sheet imaging of the brain.

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Research inside hill slopes could help wildfire and drought prediction

A new study has found that rock weathering and water storage appear to follow a similar pattern across undulating landscapes. The findings are important because they suggest that these patterns could improve predictions of wildfire and landslide risk and how droughts will affect the landscape.

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New algorithm uses online learning for massive cell data sets

A new algorithm uses online learning to analyze large single-cell data sets using the amount of memory found on a standard laptop computer.

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Intellectual disability is rarely inherited -- risk for younger siblings is low

Intellectual disability is most often caused by changes to the genome that take place in early fetal development and are not found in the parents' DNA. This is why the risk of recurrence in the next sibling of the family is very small, as indicated by a recent study.

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What does the study of domesticated birds tell us about the evolution of human language?

Language is one of the most notable abilities humans have. It allows us to express complex meanings and transmit knowledge from generation to generation. An important question in human biology is how this ability ended up being developed.

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Defects in a specific cell type may cause ulcerative colitis

There are many variants of 'goblet cells' in the intestines and they seem to have different functions, according to a new study. The study indicates that defects in goblet cells of a particular type may be a factor contributing to ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease.

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Mountain high: Andean forests have high potential to store carbon under climate change

The Andes Mountains in South America are the world's longest mountain range and a hotspot of biodiversity. But the forest that climbs up this mountain range provides another important service to humanity. Andean forests are helping to protect the planet by acting as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide and keeping some of this climate-altering gas out of circulation, according to new research.

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Northern Red Sea corals live close to the threshold of resistance to cold temperatures

In the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, corals have exceptionally high tolerance to increasing seawater temperatures resulting from global warming. However, climate change will also result in more variable weather patterns, including extreme cold periods. Researchers now demonstrate that a winter even 1 degree Celsius cooler than average results in a physiological stress response similar to that seen in other corals under heat stress, detailing how perilously close they live to their lower temperature threshold.

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Intellectual disability is rarely inherited -- risk for younger siblings is low

Intellectual disability is most often caused by changes to the genome that take place in early fetal development and are not found in the parents' DNA. This is why the risk of recurrence in the next sibling of the family is very small, as indicated by a recent study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3v5AmNs

What does the study of domesticated birds tell us about the evolution of human language?

Language is one of the most notable abilities humans have. It allows us to express complex meanings and transmit knowledge from generation to generation. An important question in human biology is how this ability ended up being developed.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3dwEq3i

Defects in a specific cell type may cause ulcerative colitis

There are many variants of 'goblet cells' in the intestines and they seem to have different functions, according to a new study. The study indicates that defects in goblet cells of a particular type may be a factor contributing to ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease.

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Pandemic eviction bans found to protect entire communities from COVID-19 spread

A new study uses computer modeling to suggest that eviction bans authorized during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the infection rate and not only protected those who would have lost their housing but also entire communities from the spread of infections.

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UK waters are home again to the bluefin tuna

Atlantic bluefin tuna have returned to UK waters and can once again be seen during the summer and autumn months.

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Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase risk of high blood pressure

Transgender and gender-diverse people have higher rates of hypertension compared to the general population. Within two to four months of starting gender-affirming hormone therapy, transgender women had a lower average systolic blood pressure, and transgender men had a higher average systolic blood pressure.

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Videoconferences more exhausting when participants don't feel group belonging

Videoconferences may be less exhausting if participants feel some sense of group belonging, according to new research.

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Pandemic eviction bans found to protect entire communities from COVID-19 spread

A new study uses computer modeling to suggest that eviction bans authorized during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the infection rate and not only protected those who would have lost their housing but also entire communities from the spread of infections.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3edTZff

Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase risk of high blood pressure

Transgender and gender-diverse people have higher rates of hypertension compared to the general population. Within two to four months of starting gender-affirming hormone therapy, transgender women had a lower average systolic blood pressure, and transgender men had a higher average systolic blood pressure.

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Videoconferences more exhausting when participants don't feel group belonging

Videoconferences may be less exhausting if participants feel some sense of group belonging, according to new research.

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Study shows education is not enough to overcome inequality

A recent study finds that social inequality persists, regardless of educational achievement - particularly for men.

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Study shows education is not enough to overcome inequality

A recent study finds that social inequality persists, regardless of educational achievement - particularly for men.

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NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter succeeds in historic first flight

The small rotorcraft made history, hovering above Jezero Crater, demonstrating that powered, controlled flight on another planet is possible.

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How to make online arguments productive

Researchers worked with almost 260 people to understand online disagreements and to develop potential design interventions that could make these discussions more productive and centered around relationship-building.

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Humans are directly influencing wind and weather over North Atlantic

A new study provides evidence that humans are influencing wind and weather patterns across the eastern United States and western Europe by releasing CO2 and other pollutants into Earth's atmosphere.

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How to make online arguments productive

Researchers worked with almost 260 people to understand online disagreements and to develop potential design interventions that could make these discussions more productive and centered around relationship-building.

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Scientists crack 'the Brazil-nut' puzzle, how do the largest nuts rise to the top?

Scientists have for the first time captured the complex dynamics of particle movement in granular materials, helping to explain why mixed nuts often see the larger Brazil nuts gather at the top. The findings could have vital impact on industries struggling with the phenomenon, such as pharmaceuticals and mining.

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Common plants and pollinators act as anchors for ecosystems

'Generalist' plants and pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and may also serve as buffers against some impacts of climate change, finds new research. The findings provide valuable insights for prioritizing the conservation of species that contribute to the strength of ecological communities.

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Thermoelectric material discovery sets stage for new forms of electric power in the future

Researchers have created a new and potentially paradigm-shifting high-performance thermoelectric compound. The team created a new hybrid compound in which the crystalline and amorphous sublattices are intertwined into a one-of-a-kind crystal-amorphic duality.

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Uncovering the secret of the hunger switch in the brain

Researchers have revealed the mechanism of action of the master switch for hunger in the brain: the melanocortin receptor 4, or MC4 receptor for short. They have also clarified how this switch is activated by setmelanotide (Imcivree), a drug recently approved for the treatment of severe obesity caused by certain genetic changes.

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Novel genetic mitochondrial disorder discovered

A team of Japanese and European scientists identify a novel genetic mitochondrial disorder by analyzing DNA samples from three distinct families.

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Impacts of coronavirus lockdowns: New study collects data on pollutants in the atmosphere

One consequence of the coronavirus pandemic has been global restrictions on mobility. This, in turn, has had an effect on pollution levels in the atmosphere. Researchers from across the world are using this unique opportunity to take measurements, collect data, and publish studies. An international team has now published a comprehensive review providing an overview of results up to September 2020.

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Wearable sensors that detect gas leaks

A research team has developed wearable gas sensors that display an instantaneous visual holographic alarm.

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The future of particle accelerators is here

A new accelerator and detector will serve as a kind of camera, taking 3D images and movies of electrons colliding with polarized protons and ions. Like a CT scanner for atoms, the EIC will let scientists see how force-carrying gluon particles hold together quarks, the internal components of protons and neutrons. It will also offer insights into the spin of fundamental particles. Cutting-edge accelerators could collide with both energy consumption and our assumptions about the nature of matter.

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Neural plasticity depends on this long noncoding RNA's journey from nucleus to synapse

A synaptically localized long noncoding RNA proves to be an important regulator of neural plasticity.

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Study reveals how some antibodies can broadly neutralize ebolaviruses

Some survivors of ebolavirus outbreaks make antibodies that can broadly neutralize these viruses -- and now, scientists have illuminated how these antibodies can disable the viruses so effectively. The insights may be helpful for developing effective therapies.

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Sunlight to solve the world's clean water crisis

Researchers have developed technology that could eliminate water stress for millions of people, including those living in many of the planet's most vulnerable and disadvantaged communities.

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Alpine plants are losing their white 'protective coat' too early in spring

Snow cover in the Alps has been melting almost three days earlier per decade since the 1960s. This trend is temperature-related and cannot be compensated by heavier snowfall. By the end of the century, snow cover at 2,500 meters could disappear a month earlier than today, as simulations by environmental scientists at the University of Basel demonstrate.

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Heart health of shift workers linked to body clock

Working hours that deviate from an individual's natural body clock are associated with greater cardiovascular risk, according to recent research.

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Neural plasticity depends on this long noncoding RNA's journey from nucleus to synapse

A synaptically localized long noncoding RNA proves to be an important regulator of neural plasticity.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/32ocCHI

Study reveals how some antibodies can broadly neutralize ebolaviruses

Some survivors of ebolavirus outbreaks make antibodies that can broadly neutralize these viruses -- and now, scientists have illuminated how these antibodies can disable the viruses so effectively. The insights may be helpful for developing effective therapies.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3x74jhS

Heart health of shift workers linked to body clock

Working hours that deviate from an individual's natural body clock are associated with greater cardiovascular risk, according to recent research.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3uXU65o

Can financial stress lead to physical pain in later years?

Financial stress can have an immediate impact on well-being, but can it lead to physical pain nearly 30 years later? The answer is yes, according to new research.

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Engineers improve performance of high-temperature superconductor wires

Researchers have discovered a novel way to improve the performance of electrical wires used as high-temperature superconductors (HTS), findings that have the potential to power a new generation of particle accelerators.

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Genetic ancestry versus race can provide specific, targeted insights to predict and treat many diseases

The complex patterns of genetic ancestry uncovered from genomic data in health care systems can provide valuable insights into both genetic and environmental factors underlying many common and rare diseases -- insights that are far more targeted and specific than those derived from traditional ethnic or racial labels like Hispanic or Black, according to researchers.

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Treatment not always needed to prevent vision loss in patients with elevated eye pressure

The national Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study was designed to determine whether lowering elevated eye pressure in patients might prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Researchers recently completed follow-up studies on patients 20 years after the start of the original study and found that not all patients with elevated eye pressure need pressure-lowering treatment to prevent vision loss from glaucoma.

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New benefits from anti-diabetic drug metformin

Researchers have found that the anti-diabetic drug metformin significantly prolongs the survival of mice in a model that simulates the pathology of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) by ameliorating pathological conditions like reduced kidney function, glomerular damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Metformin's mechanism is different from existing therapeutics which only treat symptoms, such as the blood pressure drug losartan, so researchers believe that a combination these medications at low dose will be highly beneficial.

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New type of cell contributes to increased understanding of ALS

The causes of the serious muscle disease ALS still remain unknown. Now, researchers have examined a type of cell in the brain blood vessels that could explain the unpredictable disease origins and dynamics. The results indicate a hitherto unknown connection between the nervous and vascular systems. The study has potential implications for earlier diagnoses and future treatments.

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An ion pump to deliver chemotherapy agents to the brain

Despite surgery and subsequent treatment with chemotherapy and radiation, the majority of patients experience recurrence of malignant brain tumors. Researchers have shown in cells in culture that an ion pump can deliver drugs more accurately, which gives less severe adverse effects in chemotherapy.

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A more complete account

Even the mention of parasites can be enough to make some people's skin crawl. But to recent UC Santa Barbara doctoral graduate Dana Morton these creepy critters occupy important ecological niches, fulfilling roles that, in her opinion, have too often been overlooked.

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Coronavirus does not infect the brain but still inflicts damage, study finds

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, does not infect brain cells but can inflict significant neurological damage, according to a new study of dozens of deceased patients.

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Highly dense urban areas are not more vulnerable to COVID-19, researchers say

A person who owns a car or who has a college education may be less vulnerable to COVID-19, according to an analysis of cases in Tehran, Iran, one of the early epicenters of the pandemic. While such variables do not inherently lower a person's risk, they do indicate an infrastructure of protection that persists despite how densely populated a person's district might be.

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Coronavirus does not infect the brain but still inflicts damage, study finds

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, does not infect brain cells but can inflict significant neurological damage, according to a new study of dozens of deceased patients.

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Highly dense urban areas are not more vulnerable to COVID-19, researchers say

A person who owns a car or who has a college education may be less vulnerable to COVID-19, according to an analysis of cases in Tehran, Iran, one of the early epicenters of the pandemic. While such variables do not inherently lower a person's risk, they do indicate an infrastructure of protection that persists despite how densely populated a person's district might be.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aly7O1

Simulations reveal how dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain binds to host, succumbs to antibodies

The dominant G-form spike protein 'puts its head up' more frequently to latch on to receptors, but that makes it more vulnerable to neutralization.

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On the pulse of pulsars and polar light

Faced with the tragic loss of the Arecibo observatory in Puerto Rico and the often prohibitive cost of satellite missions, astronomers are searching for savvy alternatives to continue answering fundamental questions in physics.

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A new super-Earth detected orbiting a red dwarf star

Researchers report the discovery of a super-Earth orbiting the star GJ 740, a red dwarf star situated some 36 light years from Earth.

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Experimental antiviral for COVID-19 effective in hamster study

The experimental antiviral drug MK-4482 significantly decreased levels of virus and disease damage in the lungs of hamsters treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to a new study. MK-4482, delivered orally, is now in human clinical trials.

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