Bones from Tudor Mary Rose shipwreck suggest handedness might affect collarbone chemistry

A new study of human skeletal remains from the wreck of the 16th century English warship Mary Rose suggests that whether a person is right- versus left-handed may influence how their clavicle bone chemistry changes as they age.

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New study shows combination therapy slows cognitive decline in at-risk populations

An important new study has demonstrated that a combination therapy can slow cognitive decline in older adults at risk for dementia.

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Developing kidneys from scratch

Researches made major strides toward the creation of artificial kidney tissue by demonstrating an undiscovered mechanism behind kidney development and a novel technique for culturing kidney cells, both of which could ultimately reduce the need for both dialysis and transplantation.

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Using AI to measure prostate cancer lesions could aid diagnosis and treatment

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, and almost 300,000 individuals are diagnosed with it each year in the U.S. To develop a consistent method of estimating prostate cancer size, which can help clinicians more accurately make informed treatment decisions, researchers trained and validated an AI model based on MRI scans from more than 700 prostate cancer patients. The model was able to identify and demarcate the edges of 85% of the most radiologically aggressive prostate lesions. Tumors with a larger volume, as estimated by the AI model, were associated with a higher risk of treatment failure and metastasis, independent of other factors that are normally used to estimate this risk.

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Ancient gene influences immunity of First Nations Peoples of Oceania

An ancient gene mutation among First Nations inhabitants of Oceania may make them more susceptible to infectious diseases like influenza, according to a new study.

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Discovery of key mechanism in Huntington's Disease could pave the way for early detection and treatment

Researchers have identified a key biochemical mechanism relevant to the development of Huntington's Disease. This discovery opens up the possibility of studying the disease before its clinical onset and eventually stopping its progression.

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Batteries for miniature bio-integrated devices and robotics

Researchers have developed a miniature soft lithium-ion battery that could be used as a defibrillator to control heart rhythm during surgery. The flexible lithium-ion battery is constructed by assembling biocompatible hydrogel droplets. The state-of-the-art device is the smallest soft lithium-ion battery with the highest energy density. The research opens the way to developing tiny bio-integrated devices, with a range of applications in robotics, biology, and medicine.

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Melting Arctic sea-ice could affect global ocean circulation

The warming climate in polar regions may significantly disrupt ocean circulation patterns, a new study indicates. Scientists discovered that in the distant past, growing inflows of freshwater from melting Arctic sea-ice into the Nordic Seas likely significantly affected ocean circulation, sending temperatures plummeting across northern Europe.

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How mammals got their stride

Researchers reveal new insights into the complex evolutionary history behind the distinctive upright posture of modern placental and marsupial mammals, showing the transition was surprisingly complex and nonlinear, and occurred much later than previously believed.

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Political polarization poses health risks, new analysis concludes

A new analysis shows that political polarization also poses significant health risks -- by obstructing the implementation of legislation and policies aimed at keeping Americans healthy, by discouraging individual action to address health needs, such as getting a flu shot, and by boosting the spread of misinformation that can reduce trust in health professionals.

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Political polarization poses health risks, new analysis concludes

A new analysis shows that political polarization also poses significant health risks -- by obstructing the implementation of legislation and policies aimed at keeping Americans healthy, by discouraging individual action to address health needs, such as getting a flu shot, and by boosting the spread of misinformation that can reduce trust in health professionals.

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Next-generation solar cells become more powerful with silver (Ag) doping technology

Researchers have significantly improved the performance of kesterite (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells. They developed a new method for doping silver (Ag) in solar cells to suppress defects that hinder cell performance and promote crystal growth, thereby dramatically increasing efficiency and paving the way for commercialization.

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The evolution of green energy technology: Developing three-dimensional smart energy devices with radiant cooling and solar absorption

- DGIST, KAIST, and Korea University collaborated to develop a three-dimensional device with reversible heating/cooling based on the thermal radiation phenomenon -- Research published as a cover article in Advanced Materials

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Ultra-sensitive electronic skin modeled after the human brain

Researchers have successfully developed an ultra-sensitive pressure sensor for electronic skin modeled after the nervous system in the human brain. This technology is applicable to future devices, including AI-based digital healthcare devices, and is expected to be utilized across various fields, such as transparent displays and wearable devices, due to its transparency and physical flexibility.

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Room temperature electrical control could heat up future technology development

An old physical phenomenon, known as the Hall effect, has revealed some new tricks. New findings have potential implications for understanding fundamental physics of quantum materials and developing applied technologies such as quantum communication and harvesting energy via radio frequencies.

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Researchers show why cannabis policies should shift to a harm reduction, health promotion approach to safeguard public health

A new paper explains why there needs to be a shift in cannabis policies to a public health approach as opposed to the prevailing, more punitive approach that pushes abstinence instead of public education. With cannabis now legal to some extent in most U.S. states, the authors say the case for such a shift is all the more urgent.

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Workplace culture and social relationships are associated with workplace bullying

Workplace bullying poses a serious threat to employees' health and well-being. A study sheds new light on the impact of social relationships on workplace bullying. Focusing on the dynamics of social relationships, the study shows how workplace culture, interaction and social relationships play a role in bullying.

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Combining satellite methods provides drought detection from space

Observing sites like the Amazon basin from space has underscored the capability of satellites to better detect signs of drought, according to a new study. The researchers combined Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE methods to improve monitoring of hydrological droughts.

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At-home brain stimulation for depression is safe and effective, according to researchers

A device that delivers direct stimulation to the brain was found to be a safe and effective means of treating depression at home, according to a new study.

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U.S. infant mortality increased 7 percent in months following Dobbs, researchers find

U.S. babies died at a higher rate in the months following the Supreme Court's 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health decision, and infant mortality was highest among those born with chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, new research has found. The findings mirror previous research analyzing the experience in Texas after a ban on abortions in early pregnancy and illuminate the consequences of restricting access to abortion care, said researchers who conducted the national analysis.

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U.S. infant mortality increased 7 percent in months following Dobbs, researchers find

U.S. babies died at a higher rate in the months following the Supreme Court's 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health decision, and infant mortality was highest among those born with chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, new research has found. The findings mirror previous research analyzing the experience in Texas after a ban on abortions in early pregnancy and illuminate the consequences of restricting access to abortion care, said researchers who conducted the national analysis.

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When hurricanes hit, online chatter drowns out safety messaging

Research shows, during four recent major hurricanes, important public safety messaging was drowned out by more trivial social content--including people tweeting about pets, sharing human-interest stories, or bickering about politics. That's a big problem for officials working to understand where help is needed and to communicate effectively with people impacted by disasters.

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Repurposing drug shows promise in fighting aggressive brain tumors

Research provides evidence that a drug used to slow the progression of the disease ALS shows promise in suppressing the self-renewing cancerous stem cells that challenge the present standards of care for these lethal grade 4 brain tumours.

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Smaller, more specific academic journals have more sway over policy

Journals focused on ferns, clams, or coral reefs had proportionally more of their articles cited by the federal government when protecting species than more prominent, higher-impact journals. The naturalist stepping through old-growth forest collecting fern samples is the most likely to observe subtle species and habitat changes on the ground and find an outlet in a specialized journal willing to publish a species-specific article.

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Effects of chemical mixtures: Neurotoxic effects add up

How do complex mixtures of chemicals affect our health? New research has shown that chemicals that occur in complex mixtures and in concentration ratios as found in humans act together. Even if the concentrations of the individual substances were each below the effect threshold, the chemicals in the mixture showed a cumulative neurotoxic effect.

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Which clot-busting drug is tied to better recovery after stroke?

For people with ischemic stroke, treatment with the clot-busting drug tenecteplase is associated with a slightly higher likelihood of an excellent recovery and reduced disability three months later than the drug alteplase, according to a meta-analysis. Researchers found that the likelihood of good recovery was similar between the two treatments.

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New bacteria-based therapy shows promise for fighting cancer

Bacteria-based therapies represent an exciting breakthrough in cancer treatment, harnessing their remarkable ability to specifically target and attack tumors. To fully harness the potential of this approach, an efficient and safe method for producing natural anticancer bacteria is needed. Now, researchers from Japan have developed a novel scaffold-based method to culture antitumor bacteria. This method not only enhances the tumor-killing properties and safety of the bacteria but also presents a simple approach for large-scale cultivation.

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New research reveals how large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can improve air quality and human health

A new study suggests that large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) could lead to significant population-level health benefits. The research team used computer simulations to show that aggressive electrification of the U.S. vehicle fleet, coupled with an ambitious rollout of renewable electricity generation, could result in health benefits worth between US$84 billion and 188 billion by 2050. Even scenarios with less aggressive grid decarbonization mostly predicted health benefits running into the tens of billions of dollars.

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New research reveals how large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can improve air quality and human health

A new study suggests that large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) could lead to significant population-level health benefits. The research team used computer simulations to show that aggressive electrification of the U.S. vehicle fleet, coupled with an ambitious rollout of renewable electricity generation, could result in health benefits worth between US$84 billion and 188 billion by 2050. Even scenarios with less aggressive grid decarbonization mostly predicted health benefits running into the tens of billions of dollars.

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Male mice use female mice to distract aggressors and avoid conflict

Researchers tracked the behavior of mice using machine learning to understand how they handle aggressive behavior from other mice. The researchers' findings show that male mice deescalate aggressive encounters by running over to a female mouse to distract the aggressive male mouse.

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Scientists bring socioeconomic status at the forefront of epidemic modelling

Researchers have developed an innovative approach to epidemic modeling that could transform how scientists and policymakers predict the spread of infectious diseases. The study introduces a new framework that incorporates socioeconomic status (SES) factors -- such as income, education, and ethnicity -- into epidemic models. The study underscores an urgent need for more comprehensive epidemic modeling frameworks as societies continue to grapple with the lingering impacts of COVID-19 and prepare for future pandemics. By expanding beyond the conventional focus on age and context, this new approach opens the door to a more detailed understanding of disease transmission and offers a powerful tool for addressing health inequities.

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Alzheimer's disease may damage the brain in two phases

Alzheimer's disease may damage the brain in two distinct phases, based on new research using sophisticated brain mapping tools. According to researchers who discovered this new view, the first, early phase happens slowly and silently -- before people experience memory problems -- harming just a few vulnerable cell types. In contrast, the second, late phase causes damage that is more widely destructive and coincides with the appearance of symptoms and the rapid accumulation of plaques, tangles, and other Alzheimer's hallmarks.

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Alzheimer's disease may damage the brain in two phases

Alzheimer's disease may damage the brain in two distinct phases, based on new research using sophisticated brain mapping tools. According to researchers who discovered this new view, the first, early phase happens slowly and silently -- before people experience memory problems -- harming just a few vulnerable cell types. In contrast, the second, late phase causes damage that is more widely destructive and coincides with the appearance of symptoms and the rapid accumulation of plaques, tangles, and other Alzheimer's hallmarks.

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Study finds use of naloxone by Good Samaritans is up, but not nearly enough

Use of a lifesaving drug to reverse opioid drug overdoses is growing, but not fast enough.

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Smaller vial size for Alzheimer's drug could save Medicare hundreds of millions per year

Medicare could save up to 74% of the money lost from discarded Alzheimer's drug lecanemab by the simple introduction of a new vial size that would reduce the amount of unused medication that is thrown away. As it is, nearly 6% of the medication is discarded, costing Medicare $1,600 per patient per year.

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HDL quality, not quantity, contribute to the first sign of Alzheimer's disease in women

Higher levels of HDL-C -- known as the 'good cholesterol' -- have been shown to correlate with heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease. A new study might explain why.

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Liftoff! NASA's Europa Clipper sails toward ocean moon of Jupiter

NASA's Europa Clipper has embarked on its long voyage to Jupiter, where it will investigate Europa, a moon with an enormous subsurface ocean that may have conditions to support life. The largest spacecraft NASA ever built for a mission headed to another planet, Europa Clipper also is the first NASA mission dedicated to studying an ocean world beyond Earth.

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How muscle energy production is impaired in type 2 diabetes

A new study shows that people with type 2 diabetes have lower levels of the protein that breaks down and converts creatine in the muscles. This leads to impaired function of the mitochondria, the 'powerhouses' of the cell.

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Spike in emergency visits for life threatening pregnancy complication, study suggests

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the second leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide, may be sending a significantly higher number of pregnant people to the emergency department.

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Spike in emergency visits for life threatening pregnancy complication, study suggests

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the second leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide, may be sending a significantly higher number of pregnant people to the emergency department.

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Bilingualism makes the brain more efficient, especially when learned at a young age

A new study from The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital) of McGill university, the University of Ottawa and the University of Zaragoza in Spain elaborates on bilingualism's role in cognition, showing increased efficiency of communication between brain regions.

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Ultra-sensitive robotic 'finger' can take patient pulses, check for lumps

Researchers have developed a soft robotic 'finger' with a sophisticated sense of touch that can perform routine doctor office examinations, including taking a patient's pulse and checking for abnormal lumps.

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Ultra-sensitive robotic 'finger' can take patient pulses, check for lumps

Researchers have developed a soft robotic 'finger' with a sophisticated sense of touch that can perform routine doctor office examinations, including taking a patient's pulse and checking for abnormal lumps.

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Another step towards decoding smell

We often only realize how important our sense of smell is when it is no longer there: food is not as tasty as it once was, or we no longer react to dangers such as the smell of smoke. Researchers have investigated the neuronal mechanisms of human odor perception for the first time. Individual nerve cells in the brain recognize odors and react specifically to the smell, the image and the written word of an object, for example a banana. The results of this study close a long-standing knowledge gap between animal and human odor research.

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Another step towards decoding smell

We often only realize how important our sense of smell is when it is no longer there: food is not as tasty as it once was, or we no longer react to dangers such as the smell of smoke. Researchers have investigated the neuronal mechanisms of human odor perception for the first time. Individual nerve cells in the brain recognize odors and react specifically to the smell, the image and the written word of an object, for example a banana. The results of this study close a long-standing knowledge gap between animal and human odor research.

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Mental health app could help prevent depression in young people at high risk

A cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) app has been found to significantly prevent increases in depression in young people who are at high risk -- and could be implemented as a cost effective public mental health measure.

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New apps will enable safer indoor navigation for visually impaired

Two new apps will enable blind people to navigate indoor buildings with spoken directions from a smartphone app, providing a safe method of wayfinding where GPS doesn't work.

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Commonly used arm positions can substantially overestimate blood pressure readings

Researchers conclude that commonly used ways of positioning the patient's arm during blood pressure (BP) screenings can substantially overestimate test results and may lead to a misdiagnosis of hypertension.

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Cancer biologists discover a new mechanism for an old drug

Doctors have long believed the cancer drug 5-fluorouracil works by damaging the building blocks of DNA, but researchers have now found that in certain cancers, it kills cells by interfering with RNA synthesis. The findings could help researchers design better drug combinations for colon and gastrointestinal cancers.

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Antarctic 'greening' at dramatic rate

Vegetation cover across the Antarctic Peninsula has increased more than tenfold over the last four decades, new research shows.

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Winds of change: James Webb Space Telescope reveals elusive details in young star systems

Planet-forming disks, maelstroms of gas and dust swirling around young stars, are nurseries that give rise to planetary systems, including our solar system. Astronomers have discovered new details of gas flows that sculpt those disks and shape them over time.

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Space oddity: Most distant rotating disc galaxy found

Researchers have discovered the most distant Milky-Way-like galaxy yet observed. Dubbed REBELS-25, this disc galaxy seems as orderly as present-day galaxies, but we see it as it was when the Universe was only 700 million years old. This is surprising since, according to our current understanding of galaxy formation, such early galaxies are expected to appear more chaotic.

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After injury, these comb jellies can fuse to become one

Researchers have made the surprising discovery that one species of comb jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi) can fuse, such that two individuals readily turn into one following an injury. Afterwards, they rapidly synchronize their muscle contractions and merge digestive tracts to share food.

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What happens in the brain when a person with schizophrenia 'hears voices'?

Auditory hallucinations are likely the result of abnormalities in two brain processes: a 'broken' corollary discharge that fails to suppress self-generated sounds, and a 'noisy' efference copy that makes the brain hear these sounds more intensely than it should, according to a new study.

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Our brains divide the day into chapters: New psychology research offers details on how

Mindset and expectations, not just the external environment, shape the 'table of contents' into which our brains organize the day.

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Wider use of convalescent plasma might have saved thousands more lives during pandemic

A new study estimates that thousands of lives could have been saved during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic if convalescent plasma had been used more broadly, particularly in outpatients at high risk for severe disease and in hospitalized patients during their first few days of admission.

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Turning plants into workout supplement bio-factories

It's important to eat your veggies, but some essential vitamins and nutrients can only be found in animals, including certain amino acids and peptides. But, in a proof-of-concept study, researchers developed a method to produce creatine, carnosine and taurine -- all animal-based nutrients and common workout supplements -- right inside a plant. The system allows for different synthetic modules to be easily stacked together to boost production.

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More clarity on hereditary colorectal cancer

The genetic confirmation of a suspected diagnosis of 'hereditary colorectal cancer' is of great importance for the medical care of affected families. However, many of the variants identified in the known genes cannot yet be reliably classified in terms of their causal role in tumor formation. Scientists have reassessed the medical relevance of a significant number of unclear variants and thus significantly reduced their number.

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High costs slow widespread use of heat pumps, study shows

The high cost of installing heat pumps for home heating could slow down people widely adopting the technology and leave government targets missed, research suggests.

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Indigenous U.S. farm workers face greater job-related pain compared to undocumented peers

Farming is a notoriously hard profession with long hours spent operating dangerous equipment and performing other arduous tasks. New research finds that indigenous farm employees -- many of whom have legal status in the U.S. after moving from Latin America -- may experience more physical pain on the job than undocumented workers.

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Indigenous U.S. farm workers face greater job-related pain compared to undocumented peers

Farming is a notoriously hard profession with long hours spent operating dangerous equipment and performing other arduous tasks. New research finds that indigenous farm employees -- many of whom have legal status in the U.S. after moving from Latin America -- may experience more physical pain on the job than undocumented workers.

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