Like people, vultures get set in their ways and have fewer friends as they age

Young griffon vultures move frequently between sleeping sites in different locations, interacting with many friends. They get set in their ways as they age and roost in the same spots with the same individuals; older vultures follow the same paths. Roosts act as information hubs; older vultures may have a more thorough knowledge of where to find food resources and less need to learn about them from other vultures.

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Unveiling actual role of metal cocatalysts

Synchronizing periodic excitations of photocatalysts with a Michelson interferometer on operando FT-IR spectroscopy, researchers succeeded in observing and identifying the reactive electron species for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In contrast to the traditional belief, this study demonstrates that not the free electrons in metal cocatalysts but the electrons trapped in the periphery of cocatalysts directly contribute to the photocatalysis.

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Study reveals isolation, endogamy and pathogens in early medieval Spanish community

An archaeogenetic study sheds new light on the isolated medieval community Las Gobas in northern Spain. Besides isolation and endogamy, the researchers have also identified the variola virus which can offer a new explanation on how smallpox entered Iberia.

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Researchers take inspiration from viruses to improve delivery of nucleic acid-based therapies to cancer cells

A researcher is developing a patent-pending platform technology called LENN that mimics the dual-layer structure of viruses to deliver nucleic acid (NA)-based therapies to targeted cancer cells.

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More people at risk of hereditary heart disease than thought

A new study used data from the UK Biobank to analyze the genes of 469,789 people in the UK and found that one in 1,000 possessed genetic variants with a likely link to cardiac transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis.

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Study finds limits to storing CO2 underground to combat climate change

New research has found limits to how quickly we can scale up technology to store gigatons of carbon dioxide under the Earth's surface.

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Bats are surviving and thriving on nothing but sugar

New research may enable potential solutions to metabolic disease by turning to evolution and to bats. 'Our study reports blood sugar levels that are the highest we have ever seen in nature -- what would be lethal, coma-inducing levels for mammals, but not for bats,' said one of the researchers. 'We are seeing a new trait we didn't know was possible.'

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In-person contact linked with lower levels of loneliness in older adults

In-person contact helps lead to lower levels of loneliness in older people, but other ways of staying in touch, such as phoning, emailing or texting, are not as effective in lowering loneliness, a team of researchers found.

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In-person contact linked with lower levels of loneliness in older adults

In-person contact helps lead to lower levels of loneliness in older people, but other ways of staying in touch, such as phoning, emailing or texting, are not as effective in lowering loneliness, a team of researchers found.

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New photoacoustic probes enable deep brain tissue imaging

Neuroscientists have sought to better understand brain function but lacked the capability to observe neuronal activity deep within the brain. Scientists have applied rational molecular engineering to develop photoacoustic probes that can be used deep within brain tissue to label and visualize neurons. This imaging approach expands significantly on what neuroscientists have been able to see with conventional light microscopy, offering the potential to report on deep neuron activity and better understand brain function.

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Old chemo drug, new pancreatic cancer therapy?

Researchers discovered that treating pancreatic cancer with a common chemotherapy drug makes immunotherapy more effective. Folinic acid elevates levels of two anti-cancer immune molecules within pancreatic tumors: natural killer T cells and type-I interferons. In mice, this led to a more effective immune response, slower tumor growth, and longer survival.

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Looking for clues about your biological age? Your grandparents' education may offer some insight.

Eating well, exercising and attending regular doctor appointments can support a long healthy life, but a new study identified one possible factor beyond our control: whether you had a grandparent who went to college.

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Old chemo drug, new pancreatic cancer therapy?

Researchers discovered that treating pancreatic cancer with a common chemotherapy drug makes immunotherapy more effective. Folinic acid elevates levels of two anti-cancer immune molecules within pancreatic tumors: natural killer T cells and type-I interferons. In mice, this led to a more effective immune response, slower tumor growth, and longer survival.

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Synthetic immunology: Approaching a turning point in the treatment and prevention of disease

Synthetic immunology, an innovative field of research which could lead to fundamentally new approaches and methods in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer.

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Synthetic immunology: Approaching a turning point in the treatment and prevention of disease

Synthetic immunology, an innovative field of research which could lead to fundamentally new approaches and methods in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer.

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Spike mutations help SARS-CoV-2 infect the brain

New research has uncovered a series of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that enhanced the virus' ability to infect the brains of mice. The findings may help scientists understand its neurological symptoms and the mystery of 'long COVID,' and they could one day even lead to specific treatments to protect and clear the virus from the brain.

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Strength training activates cellular waste disposal

The elimination of damaged cell components is essential for the maintenance of the body's tissues and organs. Researchers have made significant findings on mechanisms for the clearing of cellular wastes, showing that strength training activates such mechanisms. The findings could form the basis for new therapies for heart failure and nerve diseases, and even afford benefits for manned space missions.

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Spike mutations help SARS-CoV-2 infect the brain

New research has uncovered a series of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that enhanced the virus' ability to infect the brains of mice. The findings may help scientists understand its neurological symptoms and the mystery of 'long COVID,' and they could one day even lead to specific treatments to protect and clear the virus from the brain.

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Rates of obesity-related cancer are rising sharply in young Chinese people

Obesity-related cancer rates in China were rising at an alarming 3.6% every year between 2007 and 2021 while non-obesity-related cancers remained stable, according to the first comprehensive study. The increase is particularly pronounced among young people, highlighting the urgent need for better public health policies to address China's growing overweight and obesity rates.

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Chronic cough may be hereditary

Chronic cough is among the most common reasons for seeking medical care, with middle-aged women the group most affected. New studies also show that this condition appears to be a hereditary phenomenon.

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Universal flu vaccine candidate protects against infection in mice

A new flu vaccine candidate incorporates proteins from 8 strains of influenza.

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Meteor showers shed light on where comets formed in the early solar system

Researchers studying meteor showers have found that not all comets crumble the same way when they approach the Sun. In a new study, they ascribe the differences to the conditions in the protoplanetary disk where comets formed 4.5 billion years ago.

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Tarantulas have surprising partnerships with other species and their hairiness may be a defense mechanism

A new study reveals that tarantulas are often on friendly terms with amphibians, reptiles, and even army ants, which are known to feed on spiders. The researchers suggest that the dense hair covering tarantulas may have in fact evolved as a defense mechanism against these predatory ants.

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Cholecystectomy not always necessary for gallstones and abdominal pain

Abdominal pain associated with gallstones does not always subside after the gallbladder is removed (cholecystectomy). Even five years after surgery, one-third of patients still experience persisting abdominal pain. Additionally, some patients who do not undergo a cholecystectomy continue to have pain. These symptoms may be caused not only by the presence of gallstones but also by dyspepsia issues or irritable bowel syndrome.

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Discovery of 'item memory' brain cells offers new Alzheimer's treatment target

Researchers have discovered the neurons responsible for 'item memory,' deepening our understanding of how the brain stores and retrieves the details of 'what' happened and offering a new target for treating Alzheimer's disease.

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Discovery of 'item memory' brain cells offers new Alzheimer's treatment target

Researchers have discovered the neurons responsible for 'item memory,' deepening our understanding of how the brain stores and retrieves the details of 'what' happened and offering a new target for treating Alzheimer's disease.

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Growth from adversity: How older adults bounced back from the COVID-19 pandemic

The study highlights the remarkable resilience of older adults (median age 86) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions to their routines led many to discover new hobbies like gardening and painting and explore virtual activities such as online yoga. While 51% experienced psychosocial issues such as anxiety and depression, 86% did not see worsening of their medical conditions and supported pandemic precautions. Despite the hardships, including the loss of residents and increased use of antidepressants and telehealth, many found joy and growth in their altered circumstances.

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New view of North Star reveals spotted surface

High-resolution images show large spots on the surface of Polaris.

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Wearable, stretchable sensor for quick, continuous, and non-invasive detection of solid-state skin biomarkers

Detecting diseases early requires the rapid, continuous and convenient monitoring of vital biomarkers. Researchers have now developed a novel sensor that enables the continuous, and real-time detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers, a new category of health indicators. The team's wearable, stretchable, hydrogel-based sensor overcomes the limitations of current methods that rely on biofluid samples, such as blood, urine and sweat. This makes it a promising alternative for wearable, continuous, and real-time health monitoring, facilitating the early detection of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

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Wearable, stretchable sensor for quick, continuous, and non-invasive detection of solid-state skin biomarkers

Detecting diseases early requires the rapid, continuous and convenient monitoring of vital biomarkers. Researchers have now developed a novel sensor that enables the continuous, and real-time detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers, a new category of health indicators. The team's wearable, stretchable, hydrogel-based sensor overcomes the limitations of current methods that rely on biofluid samples, such as blood, urine and sweat. This makes it a promising alternative for wearable, continuous, and real-time health monitoring, facilitating the early detection of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

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Research study examines Alzheimer's disease drug on tissue samples from people with Down syndrome

People with Down syndrome are likely to develop Alzheimer's disease at a young age, with autopsy studies showing that by age 40 years, the brains of individuals with Down syndrome have amyloid plaques. Yet people with Down syndrome have been excluded from or underrepresented in clinical trials of new therapies for treating AD.

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Nurses play key role in addressing mental well-being for people after a stroke

The latest research indicates that 16% to 85% of people recovering from a stroke experience at least one psychosocial symptom, including depression, anxiety, stress, fatigue and/or decreased quality of life. Critical nursing interventions, such as regular mental health screenings, education, symptom management and follow-up care, are key to reducing the negative effects on a patient's mental well-being after a stroke, yet only a small proportion of patients receive treatment.

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Scientists discover superbug's rapid path to antibiotic resistance

Scientists have discovered how the hospital superbug C.diff rapidly evolves resistance to the frontline drug used for treatment in the UK.

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Rare diseases point to connections between metabolism and immunity

Inherited diseases of metabolism and immunity have more in common than previously recognized, according to a new study. The findings point to a new set of metabolic genes that are important for the function of immune system T cells, and they offer insights that could improve care for patients with these disorders.

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Probiotics during pregnancy shown to help moms and babies

Giving probiotics to pregnant mice can enhance both the immune system and behavior of the mothers and their offspring.

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Hailstone library to improve extreme weather forecasting

Researchers are measuring and scanning samples for a global 'hailstone library'. Storm simulations using 3-D modelling of real hailstones -- in all sorts of weird shapes from oblong to flat discs or with spikes coming out -- show it behaves differently than spherical hail shapes. Data from the hail library could lead to more accurate storm forecasts.

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Exploring options for the sustainable management of phosphorus

A new study assessed the feasibility of recovering phosphorus from municipal wastewater as an alternative sustainable source of this non-renewable mineral.

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Same person, Different place: Twice the odds of a dementia diagnosis

With new medications on the market or in the works for Alzheimer's disease and other kinds of dementia, a new study suggests that getting the diagnosis needed to access these new treatments may depend on where you live.

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Scientists map DNA of Lyme disease bacteria

Researchers have produced a genetic analysis of Lyme disease bacteria that may pave the way for improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the tick-borne ailment.

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Policing may play a role in youth mental health crises

New York City neighborhoods subject to higher rates of policing during the Stop and Frisk years also experienced higher burdens of psychiatric hospitalization among their adolescent and young adult residents -- independent of underlying neighborhood socio-economic characteristics.

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Breakthrough heart MRI technique accurately predicts heart failure risk in general population

MRI scans could replace invasive heart tests, as new research shows they can reliably estimate pressures inside the heart to predict if a patient will develop heart failure.

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Pre-surgical antibody treatment might prevent heart transplant rejection

Anti-rejection regimens currently in use are broad immunosuppressive agents that make patients susceptible to infections. By using specific antibodies, it may be possible to just block the inflammation that leads to rejection but leave anti-microbial immunity intact.

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Parents' eating behavior influences how their children respond to food

Young children often display similar eating behavior as their parents, with a parent's own eating style influencing how they feed their children.

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Treating radiation wounds with aspirin hydrogels

Radiation is a powerful tool for treating cancer, but prolonged exposure can damage the skin. Radiation-induced skin injuries are painful and increase a person's chances of infection and long-term inflammation. Now, researchers report an aspirin-containing hydrogel that mimics the nutrient-rich fluid between cells and accelerates healing of skin damaged by radiation in animals. With further development, the new salve could provide effective and rapid wound healing for humans.

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Parents' eating behavior influences how their children respond to food

Young children often display similar eating behavior as their parents, with a parent's own eating style influencing how they feed their children.

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'Fuel to the fire': Repeated climate-skeptic claims enough to nudge even the strongest of climate change endorsers

The threat of misinformation runs rampant in our digital age, where a single repetition of a climate-skeptical claim seems more true even to the staunchest of climate change endorsers, according to a new study.

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Short, intense bursts of exercise more effective after stroke than steady, moderate exercise

Significant improvements in aerobic fitness were noted after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training sessions compared to traditional, moderate exercise sessions, according to a new study.

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When is too much knowledge a bad thing?

A new study finds an increase in knowledge could be a bad thing when people use it to act in their own self-interest rather than in the best interests of the larger group.

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Lemurs use long-term memory, smell, and social cues to find food

How do foraging animals find their food? A new study shows that lemurs use smell, social cues, and long-term memory to locate hidden fruit -- a combination of factors that may have deep evolutionary roots.

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Link discovered between sensory neurons and breast cancer metastasis

Researchers found a 'neuro-cancer axis' may promote spread of breast cancer. They also found that an FDA-approved anti-nausea medication may prevent it.

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Recurrent wheezing in children linked to 'silent' viral infections

Nearly a quarter of children with recurrent wheezing have 'silent' lung infections that would be better treated with antiviral medications than commonly prescribed steroids that can carry lifelong side effects, new research reveals.

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Most existing heat wave indices fail to capture heat wave severity

Even though climate change is bringing more frequent and severe heat waves, there is no standard, global way to measure heat-wave severity, and existing indices have different thresholds for defining dangerous heat-stress conditions. Researchers report that five out of six existing heat-wave indices were unable to capture the severity and spatial distribution of recent lethal heat waves in India, Spain, and the USA. The sixth index -- the lethal heat-stress index -- was better able to identify dangerous heat-stress conditions, particularly in low-humidity regions.

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Nasal microbiome: Depriving multi-resistant 'bugs' of iron

Whether dangerous staphylococci survive in the nose depends on what other bacteria are present -- and how they obtain iron.

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Dance, dance revolution: Research shows dance and movement therapy can increase emotional and social intelligence in middle school students

An assistant clinical professor developed a specialized dance and movement therapy (DMT) program to meet the unique needs of youth from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds to foster a sense of community and connection.

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Scientists and climate change: Extreme concern and high level of engagement

Scientists from across academic disciplines are extremely concerned about climate change. Many of them have already changed their own lifestyles or engaged in advocacy and protest, with even more being willing to do so in future. This is evident from a large-scale survey of scientists from all over the world.

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Researchers develop promising therapy treatment that can kill glioblastoma cells in newly discovered brain pathway

A new pathway that is used by cancer cells to infiltrate the brain has been discovered. The research also reveals a new therapy that shows promise in blocking and killing these tumors.

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Discovery of a new population of macrophages promoting lung repair after viral infections

Researchers have discovered a new population of macrophages, important innate immune cells that populate the lungs after injury caused by respiratory viruses. These macrophages are instrumental in repairing the pulmonary alveoli. This groundbreaking discovery promises to revolutionize our understanding of the post-infectious immune response and opens the door to new regenerative therapies.

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Researchers develop promising therapy treatment that can kill glioblastoma cells in newly discovered brain pathway

A new pathway that is used by cancer cells to infiltrate the brain has been discovered. The research also reveals a new therapy that shows promise in blocking and killing these tumors.

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Demographics of north African human populations unravelled using genomic data and artificial intelligence

A new study places the origin of the Imazighen in the Epipaleolithic, more than twenty thousand years ago. The research concludes that the genetic origin of the current Arab population of north Africa is far more recent than previously believed, placing it in the seventh century AD. The team has designed an innovative demographic model that uses artificial intelligence to analyze the complete genomes of the two populations.

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Allergy cells' hidden secret

Known for their role in allergic reactions, mast cells have long been recognised as key players in our immune system. When they encounter allergens, they release chemicals that trigger typical allergy symptoms such as tissue swelling and inflammation. Now, researchers have discovered a hidden talent of mast cells: they can capture and use another type of immune cell called neutrophils. This surprising discovery sheds new light on how our immune system works, particularly during allergic reactions.

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Half a billion-year-old spiny slug reveals the origins of mollusks

Exceptional fossils with preserved soft parts reveal that the earliest mollusks were flat, armored slugs without shells. The new species, Shishania aculeata, was covered with hollow, organic, cone-shaped spines. The fossils preserve exceptionally rare detailed features which reveal that these spines were produced using a sophisticated secretion system that is shared with annelids (earthworms and relatives).

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Demographics of north African human populations unravelled using genomic data and artificial intelligence

A new study places the origin of the Imazighen in the Epipaleolithic, more than twenty thousand years ago. The research concludes that the genetic origin of the current Arab population of north Africa is far more recent than previously believed, placing it in the seventh century AD. The team has designed an innovative demographic model that uses artificial intelligence to analyze the complete genomes of the two populations.

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Easy tool helps estimate fall risks

Researchers have developed a formula and easy-to-use assessment tool for estimating fall risks using a database of older adults. Preventing falls among older adults is expected to extend life expectancy and reduce medical and nursing care costs.

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Keeping skin healthy: New method provides molecular portrait of sebum production

Changes in gene expression in sebaceous glands have now been spatially mapped. The study documents at high resolution changes in gene expression in the course of sebum synthesis and identifies new candidates for the modulation of sebum production.

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