Lie-detection AI could provoke people into making careless accusations, researchers warn

Although people lie a lot, they typically refrain from accusing others of lying because of social norms around making false accusations and being polite. But artificial intelligence (AI) could soon shake up the rules. Researchers demonstrate that people are much more likely to accuse others of lying when an AI makes an accusation. The finding provided insights into the social implications of using AI systems for lie detection, which could inform policymakers when implementing similar technologies.

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The mechanism behind melanoma resistance to treatment

In many cases of malignant melanoma, the effect of targeted treatment is lost over time. A research team has now discovered that a factor secreted by tumor cells is responsible for the resistance. These findings could pave the way for more effective therapies.

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Do people who exercise more have a lower risk of ALS?

Moderate levels of physical activity and fitness may be linked to a reduced risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) later in life, according to a new study. The study only found an association between physical activity and risk of ALS in male participants, not female participants.

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Could preventative drug be effective in people with migraine and rebound headache?

A drug used to prevent migraine may also be effective in people with migraine who experience rebound headaches, according to a new study.

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Study shows how liver damage from stress and aging might be reversible

While the liver is one of the body's most resilient organs, it is still vulnerable to the ravages of stress and aging, leading to disease, severe scarring and failure. A research team now might have found a way to turn back time and restore the liver. In experiments using mice and liver tissue from humans, the researchers identified how the aging process prompts certain liver cells to die off. They were then able to reverse the process in the animals with an investigational drug.

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Brain's 'escape switch' controlled by threat sensitivity dial

Neuroscientists have discovered how the brain bidirectionally controls sensitivity to threats to initiate and complete escape behaviour in mice. These findings could help unlock new directions for discovering therapies for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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New model could help provide expectant mothers a clearer path to safe fish consumption

Research creates a framework to better balance the nutritional benefit of fish consumption with the risk of mercury exposure to the developing brain.

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Adults conceived by donors left behind by fertility industry

Children conceived by using egg or sperm donors have the same well-being outcomes as non-donor conceived people.

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Researchers identify vascular changes in the brain linked to Alzheimer's disease

The blood-brain barrier -- a network of blood vessels and tissues that nurtures and protects the brain from harmful substances circulating in the blood -- is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. Now, researchers have uncovered unique molecular signatures of blood-brain barrier dysfunction that could point to new ways to diagnose and treat the disease.

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An optical lens that senses gas

A research team has developed a small optical lens, only a few millimeters in size, whose refractive behavior changes in the presence of gas. This 'intelligent' behavior of the micro-lens is enabled by the hybrid glass material from which it is made. The molecular structure of the lens consists of a three-dimensional lattice with cavities that can accommodate gas molecules, thereby affecting the optical properties of the material.

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Surprising phosphate finding in NASA's OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample

Early analysis of the asteroid Bennu sample returned by NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission has revealed dust rich in carbon, nitrogen, and organic compounds, all of which are essential components for life as we know it. Dominated by clay minerals, particularly serpentine, the sample mirrors the type of rock found at mid-ocean ridges on Earth. The magnesium-sodium phosphate found in the sample hints that the asteroid could have splintered off from an ancient, small, primitive ocean world.

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For many urban residents, it's even hotter than their weather app says

There's a strong chance that last week's scorching temperatures were even hotter than reported for those living in underserved urban areas. New research from environmental engineers has shown that citizen science tools used to gauge heat in these urban areas likely understate the problem of heat islands due to a lack of weather stations. The researchers also suggest a statistical method to improve estimates of urban heat.

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Myths about intermittent fasting, debunked

Research shows that the increasingly popular weight-loss strategy is safe. Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular way to lose weight without counting calories. And a large body of research has shown it s safe. Still, several myths about fasting have gained traction.

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Circulating microRNAs likely as effective as A1C for predicting type 2 diabetes in youth

Type 2 diabetes in young people ages 10 to 19 has more than doubled in the past 20 years, yet it remains difficult for physicians to predict who will be diagnosed and who will improve with treatment. A new study shows that measuring the circulating abundance of microRNAs -- which affect insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas -- is likely as effective as measuring the level of sugar in the blood for determining how a young person with the condition will fare.

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Circulating microRNAs likely as effective as A1C for predicting type 2 diabetes in youth

Type 2 diabetes in young people ages 10 to 19 has more than doubled in the past 20 years, yet it remains difficult for physicians to predict who will be diagnosed and who will improve with treatment. A new study shows that measuring the circulating abundance of microRNAs -- which affect insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas -- is likely as effective as measuring the level of sugar in the blood for determining how a young person with the condition will fare.

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Guiding humanity beyond the moon

What actually happens to the human body in space? While scientists and researchers have heavily researched how various factors impact the human body here on Earth, the amount of information available about changes that occur in the body in space is not as well-known. Scientists have been studying for years how the body, specifically on the molecular side, changes in space. Recently, findings depict how the modern tools of molecular biology and precision medicine can help guide humanity into more challenging missions beyond where we've already been.

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Chilling discovery: Study reveals evolution of human cold and menthol sensing protein, offering hope for future non-addictive pain therapies

Menthol sensing appeared long before cold sensing, suggesting distinct activation modes that can be disentangled, paving the way for new pain therapies without adverse thermal side effects.

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Chemotherapy before surgery benefits some patients with pancreatic cancer

Patients with pancreatic cancer who received chemotherapy both before and after surgery experienced longer survival rates than would be expected from surgery followed by chemotherapy, according to a new study.

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Unlocking the entrepreneurial brain: New perspectives on cognitive flexibility

Pioneering research highlights the importance of combining neuroscience with traditional entrepreneurial studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of what makes successful entrepreneurs distinct at a neurological level.

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Researchers find disparities in outcomes of hospice discharges

Black patients who leave hospice care and patients with short stays in hospice care are at increased risks for being admitted to a hospital after being discharged from hospice, according to researchers.

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Rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid decreases time to diagnosis for brain tumors

A test that looks for genetic hallmarks of brain cancers in samples of cerebrospinal fluid can decrease the time to diagnosis and eliminate the need for invasive brain biopsies for some patients. Experts in neurosurgery, cancer and pathology worked together to develop a rapid, genotyping test that can detect key mutations associated with brain cancers from samples taken during a lumbar puncture.

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Blood test could predict Parkinson's seven years before symptoms

Scientists have developed a simple blood test that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to predict Parkinson's up to seven years before the onset of symptoms.

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Rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid decreases time to diagnosis for brain tumors

A test that looks for genetic hallmarks of brain cancers in samples of cerebrospinal fluid can decrease the time to diagnosis and eliminate the need for invasive brain biopsies for some patients. Experts in neurosurgery, cancer and pathology worked together to develop a rapid, genotyping test that can detect key mutations associated with brain cancers from samples taken during a lumbar puncture.

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Nano-immunotherapy developed to improve lung cancer treatment

Researchers have developed a new nanomedicine therapy that delivers anticancer drugs to lung cancer cells and enhances the immune system's ability to fight cancer. The team showed promising results for the new therapy in cancer cells in the lab and in mouse lung tumor models, with potential applications for improving care and outcomes for patients with tumors that have failed to respond to traditional immunotherapy.

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Dopamine linked to mentalizing abilities

A link between the neurotransmitter dopamine and the mentalizing abilities of healthy people has been identified.

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Synthetic data holds the key to determining best statewide transit investments

Synthetically generated population data can reveal the equity impacts of distributing transportation resources and funding across diverse regions, according to new research.

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Novel insights into fluorescent 'dark states' illuminate ways forward for improved imaging

Scientists address decades-long problem in the field of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, paving the way for more accurate experiments.

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Novel insights into fluorescent 'dark states' illuminate ways forward for improved imaging

Scientists address decades-long problem in the field of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, paving the way for more accurate experiments.

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Global trial confirms benefit of antacids on bleeding prevention for ventilated patients

Critically ill patients are at risk of stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Now, a global trial confirms that a widely available drug does prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

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6,000 years ago, men and women had equal access to resources

Using isotope geochemistry, scientists have uncovered new information about the Barmaz necropolis in Valais (Switzerland): 14% of the people buried 6,000 years ago at this site were not locals. What's more, the study suggests that this Middle Neolithic agropastoral society -- one of the oldest known in the western part of Switzerland -- was relatively egalitarian. The isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur contained in the bones reveal that all members of the community, including people from elsewhere, had access to the same food resources.

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Short-term loneliness associated with physical health problems

Loneliness may be harmful to our daily health, according to a new study focused on understanding the subtleties of loneliness and how variations in daily feelings of loneliness effect short- and long-term well-being. The researchers said the work provides more evidence in support of the devastating impact of loneliness and isolation on physical health in the country, calling it a public health crisis.

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Ancient ocean slowdown warns of future climate chaos

When it comes to the ocean's response to global warming, we're not in entirely uncharted waters. A new study shows that episodes of extreme heat in Earth's past caused the exchange of waters from the surface to the deep ocean to decline.

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Study on fruit flies could benefit eggs of older women

A new study conducted on fruit flies reports the first evidence that oocytes -- the cells that become eggs -- regularly rejuvenate the critical protein linkages that bind chromosomes together. The findings are a potentially important step toward helping women reduce their risk of pregnancy complications as they age.

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Just thinking about a location activates mental maps in the brain

Researchers found that mental representations known as cognitive maps, located in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, are activated when the brain performs mental simulations of a navigational route.

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Just thinking about a location activates mental maps in the brain

Researchers found that mental representations known as cognitive maps, located in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, are activated when the brain performs mental simulations of a navigational route.

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Statins for heart disease prevention could be recommended for far fewer Americans if new risk equation is adopted

If national guidelines are revised to incorporate a new risk equation, about 40% fewer people could meet criteria for cholesterol-lowering statins to prevent heart disease. The study examines the potential impact of widespread adoption of the PREVENT equations, which were released by the American Heart Association in November 2023 to update physicians' go-to calculators for assessing patients' 10-year risk of heart attack or stroke.

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Would astronauts' kidneys survive a roundtrip to Mars?

The structure and function of the kidneys is altered by space flight, with galactic radiation causing permanent damage that would jeopardise any mission to Mars, according to a new study led by researchers from UCL.

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New technique could help build quantum computers of the future

Researchers have demonstrated a new method that could enable the large-scale manufacturing of optical qubits. The advance could bring us closer to a scalable quantum computer.

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Would astronauts' kidneys survive a roundtrip to Mars?

The structure and function of the kidneys is altered by space flight, with galactic radiation causing permanent damage that would jeopardise any mission to Mars, according to a new study led by researchers from UCL.

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Small, cool and sulfurous exoplanet may help write recipe for planetary formation

Astronomers observing exoplanet GJ 3470 b saw evidence of water, carbon dioxide, methane and sulfur dioxide. Astronomers hope the discovery of this exoplanet's sulfurous atmosphere will advance our understanding of how planets forms.

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In new experiment, scientists record Earth's radio waves from the moon

Odysseus, a tenacious lander built by the company Intuitive Machines, almost didn't make it to the moon. But an experiment aboard the spacecraft managed to capture an image of Earth as it might look to observers on a planet far from our own.

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Study identifies potential pathway to reducing breast cancer brain metastases

A study has identified a biological mechanism that could lead to more effective treatments for breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain.

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Study identifies potential pathway to reducing breast cancer brain metastases

A study has identified a biological mechanism that could lead to more effective treatments for breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain.

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Secure access to food and water decreasing for US children

The number of children in the U.S. facing simultaneous water and food insecurity more than doubled between 2005 and 2020. Additionally, Black children were 3.5 times more likely than white children to simultaneously experience food and water insecurity, while Hispanic children were 7.1 times more likely than white children, according to a new study.

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Climate crisis puts Australia's ski industry on slippery slope, but not all hope is lost

Australia's ski industry is at risk of major disruptions and shorter seasons if the current level of climate pollution continues, according to new modelling. The report found the average ski season across all resorts in Australia will be 44 days shorter by 2050 under a mid-greenhouse gas emissions scenario and 55 days shorter under a high-emissions scenario.

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New glioblastoma treatment reaches human brain tumor and helps immune cells recognize cancer cells

In a major advance for the treatment of the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, scientists used ultrasound technology to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and provide a small dose of a chemotherapy and immunotherapy drug cocktail. The study found that this treatment boosted the immune system's recognition of the cancer cells and could lead to a new treatment approach.

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Climate policy: competing crises

Current crises are distracting from the climate crisis and weakening support for climate action, a Europe-wide survey reveals.

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First-of-its-kind test can predict dementia up to nine years before diagnosis

Researchers have developed a new method for predicting dementia with over 80% accuracy and up to nine years before a diagnosis. The new method provides a more accurate way to predict dementia than memory tests or measurements of brain shrinkage, two commonly used methods for diagnosing dementia.

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New home-administered treatment for binge eating disorder shows promising results

Researchers have investigated the feasibility of a new home-administered treatment for binge eating disorder. The new treatment combines a gentle brain stimulation technique called transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with a training program that targets unhelpful patterns of attention around food.

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People feel more connected to 'tweezer-like' bionic tools that don't resemble human hands

Some say the next step in human evolution will be the integration of technology with flesh. Now, researchers have used virtual reality to test whether humans can feel embodiment -- the sense that something is part of one's body -- toward prosthetic 'hands' that resemble a pair of tweezers. They report that participants felt an equal degree of embodiment for the tweezer-hands and were also faster and more accurate in completing motor tasks in virtual reality than when they were equipped with a virtual human hand.

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Planet-forming disks around very low-mass stars are different

Using the James Webb Space Telescope, a team of astronomers studied the properties of a planet-forming disk around a young and very low-mass star. The results reveal the richest hydrocarbon composition seen to date in a protoplanetary disk, including the first extrasolar detection of ethane and a relatively low abundance of oxygen-bearing species. By including previous similar detections, this finding confirms a trend of disks around very low-mass stars to be chemically distinct from those around more massive stars like the Sun, influencing the atmospheres of planets forming there.

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Internet addiction affects the behavior and development of adolescents

Adolescents with an internet addiction undergo changes in the brain that could lead to additional addictive behavior and tendencies, finds a new study.

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Population shifts, risk factors may triple U.S. cardiovascular disease costs by 2050

Driven by an older, more diverse population, along with a significant increase in risk factors including high blood pressure and obesity, total costs related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions are likely to triple by 2050, according to recent projections. At least 6 in 10 U.S. adults (61%), more than 184 million people, are expected to have some type of CVD within the next 30 years, reflecting a disease prevalence that will have a $1.8 trillion price tag in direct and indirect costs.

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Gigantic Jurassic pterosaur fossil unearthed in Oxfordshire, UK

A team of palaeontologists has discovered a fossil of a gigantic flying reptile from the Jurassic period with an estimated wingspan of more than three metres -- making it one of the largest pterosaurs ever found from that era.

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Population shifts, risk factors may triple U.S. cardiovascular disease costs by 2050

Driven by an older, more diverse population, along with a significant increase in risk factors including high blood pressure and obesity, total costs related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions are likely to triple by 2050, according to recent projections. At least 6 in 10 U.S. adults (61%), more than 184 million people, are expected to have some type of CVD within the next 30 years, reflecting a disease prevalence that will have a $1.8 trillion price tag in direct and indirect costs.

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Could the world famous Roman Baths help scientists counter the challenge of antibiotic resistance?

A new study has uncovered a diverse array of microorganisms within the hot waters of the Roman Baths, regularly listed among the UK's most popular tourist attractions. Tests showed 15 of the isolated bacteria -- including examples of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes -- displayed varying levels of inhibition against human pathogens including E.coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Shigella flexneri.

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Moving beyond cubicles: How an active workplace design can drive workers' behaviors

Activity-promoting workplaces could boost physical activity and reduce sitting time among office-based workers. Yet, there are several gaps in the existing literature on how workplace design shapes behavior. Researchers have identified three significant gaps -- the impact of workplace culture, the role of overall building layout on workers' behaviors, and the need for accurate behavioral measures -- to pave the way for future research. Their insights are vital in developing interventions that promote active and healthy workplaces.

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The world's most powerful anti-fungal chemistries cause fungal pathogens to self-destruct

Scientists have discovered that the most widely-used class of antifungals in the world cause pathogens to self-destruct. The research could help improve ways to protect food security and human lives.

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The world's most powerful anti-fungal chemistries cause fungal pathogens to self-destruct

Scientists have discovered that the most widely-used class of antifungals in the world cause pathogens to self-destruct. The research could help improve ways to protect food security and human lives.

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Mussels downstream of wastewater treatment plant contain radium, study reports

Burrowed into streambeds and rarely moving for their decades-long lifespans, freshwater mussels are biomonitors, meaning they indicate how clean their environment is, according to researchers. As the bivalves feed on organic matter and filter the water around them, their inner tissues and hard shells begin to reflect whatever is in their environment -- including radioactive particles.

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Researchers uncover surprising role of opioid receptors in gut development

Researchers have revealed a previously unknown function of opioid receptors in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the 'brain in the gut.' This discovery challenges conventional understanding of opioid receptors, shedding new light on their significance beyond pain management and addiction.

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Researchers harness the power of artificial intelligence to match patients with the most effective antidepressant for their unique needs

A free AI-powered website helps clinicians more effectively match patients with the optimal antidepressant using big data.

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