TB vaccine may enable elimination of the disease in cattle by reducing its spread

Vaccination not only reduces the severity of TB in infected cattle, but reduces its spread in dairy herds by 89%, research finds.

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New imaging method illuminates oxygen's journey in the brain

A new bioluminescence imaging technique has created highly detailed, and visually striking, images of the movement of oxygen in the brains of mice. The method, which can be easily replicated by other labs, will enable researchers to more precisely study forms of hypoxia in the brain, such as the denial of oxygen to the brain that occurs during a stroke or heart attack. The new research tool is already providing insight into why a sedentary lifestyle may increase risk for diseases like Alzheimer's.

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New imaging method illuminates oxygen's journey in the brain

A new bioluminescence imaging technique has created highly detailed, and visually striking, images of the movement of oxygen in the brains of mice. The method, which can be easily replicated by other labs, will enable researchers to more precisely study forms of hypoxia in the brain, such as the denial of oxygen to the brain that occurs during a stroke or heart attack. The new research tool is already providing insight into why a sedentary lifestyle may increase risk for diseases like Alzheimer's.

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Cell division quality control 'stopwatch' uncovered

Biologists have uncovered a quality control timing mechanism tied to cell division. The 'stopwatch' function keeps track of mitosis and acts as a protective measure when the process takes too long, preventing the formation of cancerous cells.

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Climate change policies lose popularity when combined with pausing regulations or social justice

Legislators love bundling things together. It lets them accomplish more with less hassle and attempt to make legislation more appealing to a broader group. But a new study suggests that this can sometimes backfire. The authors found that pairing climate policies with other policies does not necessarily increase their popular appeal, and can actually reduce public support.

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Mechanism found to determine which memories last

Neuroscientists have established in recent decades the idea that some of each day's experiences are converted by the brain into permanent memories during sleep the same night. Now, a new study proposes a mechanism that determines which memories are tagged as important enough to linger in the brain until sleep makes them permanent.

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Parental avoidance of toxic exposures could help prevent autism, ADHD in children, new study shows

Researchers have found that parents with chemical intolerance are more likely to report children with autism and ADHD.

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Memory self-test via smartphone can identify early signs of Alzheimer's disease

Dedicated memory tests on smartphones enable the detection of 'mild cognitive impairment', a condition that may indicate Alzheimer's disease, with high accuracy.

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Memory self-test via smartphone can identify early signs of Alzheimer's disease

Dedicated memory tests on smartphones enable the detection of 'mild cognitive impairment', a condition that may indicate Alzheimer's disease, with high accuracy.

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Crackdown on illicit drugs detects rise in 'designer' drug substitutes

As authorities crack down on illicit drugs, experts have issued an alert on the use of the synthetic stimulant pentylone, as new research finds a 75% increase in detections across Australia.

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Common household chemicals pose new threat to brain health, study finds

Researchers have provided fresh insight into the dangers some common household chemicals pose to brain health. They suggest that chemicals found in a wide range of items, from furniture to hair products, may be linked to neurological conditions.

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An immunotherapy to overcome resistant leukemia

Researchers have discovered that a specific mutation in the cancer cells of an aggressive type of blood cancer can prevent novel immunotherapies such as CAR T-cell therapy from working. Their study also explains why the cancer cells are resistant and how this resistance can be overcome: through concomitant pharmacotherapy or genetically improved CAR T-cells.

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Two keys needed to crack three locks for better engineered blood vessels

Biomedical researchers discovered two proteins that differentiate stem cells into the components of blood vessels. This finding has implications for drug testing and other clinical applications.

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In the fight against breast cancer, researchers identify malignancy hibernation as the next battleground

There is a surprising dearth of research about how breast cancer cells can go dormant, spread and then resurface years or even decades later, according to a new review of in vitro breast cancer studies.

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Researchers invent artificial intelligence model to design new superbug-fighting antibiotics

Researchers at McMaster University and Stanford University have invented a new generative artificial intelligence model which can design billions of new antibiotic molecules that are inexpensive and easy to build in the laboratory.

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Researchers invent artificial intelligence model to design new superbug-fighting antibiotics

Researchers at McMaster University and Stanford University have invented a new generative artificial intelligence model which can design billions of new antibiotic molecules that are inexpensive and easy to build in the laboratory.

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New geological study: Scandinavia was born in Greenland

The oldest Scandinavian bedrock was 'born' in Greenland according to a new geological study. The study helps us understand the origin of continents and why Earth is the only planet in our solar system with life.

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Astrophysicist's research could provide a hint in the search for dark matter

Dark matter is one of science's greatest mysteries. Although it is believed to make up about 85 percent of the cosmos, scientists know very little about its fundamental nature. Research provides some of the most stringent constraints on the nature of dark matter yet. It also revealed a small hint of a signal that, if real, could be confirmed in the next decade or so.

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Decoding the Easter Bunny -- an eastern Finnish brown hare to represent the standard for the species' genome

Biologists have published a chromosomally assembled reference genome for the European brown hare. The genome consists of 2.9 billion base pairs, which form 23 autosomal chromosomes, and X and Y sex chromosomes. The timing of the genome release is very appropriate as the brown hare also represents the original Easter Bunny familiar from European folklore.

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Researchers find unanticipated complexity in aging brain's memory decline

Researchers have discovered that the causes of age-related memory decline are more complicated than previously believed. Their study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, found that neural dedifferentiation is driven by different mechanisms depending on the type of visual stimuli the brain is trying to recall.

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New discovery concerning occurrence of antibiotic resistance

A new study shows how heteroresistance, a transient resistance common in many bacteria, can act as a precursor to the development of antibiotic resistance. According to researchers, this is the first time this link has been demonstrated. 'If heteroresistance is a stepping stone towards resistance, we need to have much better control of its occurrence and effects,' explains the lead researcher behind the study.

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Biomarkers of the middle-aged brain predict cognitive health in old age

The middle-aged brain could provide a window into future cognitive health. A team reviewed evidence from human and animal studies suggesting that middle age -- commonly considered as the period between 40 and 60 or 65 years of age -- marks a shift in brain aging. They argue that more research should be dedicated to middle age, a period of life that is historically understudied.

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New technique helps AI tell when humans are lying

Researchers have developed a new training tool to help artificial intelligence (AI) programs better account for the fact that humans don't always tell the truth when providing personal information. The new tool was developed for use in contexts when humans have an economic incentive to lie, such as applying for a mortgage or trying to lower their insurance premiums.

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New technique helps AI tell when humans are lying

Researchers have developed a new training tool to help artificial intelligence (AI) programs better account for the fact that humans don't always tell the truth when providing personal information. The new tool was developed for use in contexts when humans have an economic incentive to lie, such as applying for a mortgage or trying to lower their insurance premiums.

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Potential novel biomarkers of coronary heart disease discovered

Coronary heart disease is a major global health problem, especially among people with type 2 diabetes. Researchers have identified novel protein biomarkers that are associated with the development of CHD in people with and without diabetes.

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Landmark study shows that 'transcendent' thinking may grow teens' brains over time

Scientists find that adolescents who grapple with the bigger meaning of social situations experience greater brain growth, which predicts stronger identity development and life satisfaction years later.

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Potential novel biomarkers of coronary heart disease discovered

Coronary heart disease is a major global health problem, especially among people with type 2 diabetes. Researchers have identified novel protein biomarkers that are associated with the development of CHD in people with and without diabetes.

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Feeling apathetic? There may be hope

A new method that aims to help people develop grit looks promising.

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Why killer T cells lose energy inside of solid tumors

Researchers have discovered the reason why immune cells lose energy when they enter the solid tumor microenvironment -- and how to restore their energy levels. A metabolic enzyme, called Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, has been identified as the culprit, for it causes T cells to store fat, rather than burning fat for energy.

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Gut bacteria important for overcoming milk allergy

Researchers have discovered a link between gut bacteria and the success of milk-allergy oral immunotherapy. The study found that Bifidobacterium -- a genus of beneficial bacteria in the gut -- was associated with a higher chance of successful treatment. The finding may help in the development of more effective oral immunotherapies, perhaps by combining them with probiotic supplements.

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Even inactive smokers are densely colonized by microbial communities

Everything is everywhere -- under certain conditions microbial communities can grow and thrive, even in places that are seemingly uninhabitable. This is the case at inactive hydrothermal vents on the sea floor. An international team is presently working to accurately quantify how much inorganic carbon can be bound in these environments.

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Study of long-term student engagement challenges 'one great teacher' narrative of education

A positive relationship with a teacher at an early age may help children to feel more engaged with school, but not necessarily in the long term, new research shows. A new study of more than 3,600 young people in Australia shows that their 'school engagement' -- their interest in school and willingness to learn -- fluctuates between ages eight and 15, especially during the transition between primary and secondary education.

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New study shows analog computing can solve complex equations and use far less energy

A team of engineers has proven that their analog computing device, called a memristor, can complete complex, scientific computing tasks while bypassing the limitations of digital computing.

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A new world of 2D material is opening up

Materials that are incredibly thin, only a few atoms thick, exhibit unique properties that make them appealing for energy storage, catalysis and water purification. Researchers have now developed a method that enables the synthesis of hundreds of new 2D materials.

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New simpler and cost-effective forensics test helps identify touch DNA

Research has found a less expensive and easier to use test to learn more about forensic touch DNA. This research has important implications for forensic investigations and being able to identify DNA from a primary contact -- someone who may have committed the crime -- as well as secondary DNA that was inadvertently and indirectly transferred through touch.

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Perovskite solar cells: Vacuum process may offer a short track to commercialization

Which process is best suited for mass production of perovskite solar cells? While solvent-based manufacturing processes are used in laboratories around the world, vacuum vapor-phase deposition processes are still the standard for the production of thin films for photovoltaics or organic light-emitting diodes. A new study that reveals major differences in the scientific discussion of these production processes.

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Dolphin-kick swimming maximizes water-flow utilization with increasing speed

Researchers investigated the propulsion mechanism by visualizing water flow around a swimmer during underwater dolphin-kick swimming in a water channel via particle image velocimetry. Their findings revealed that swimmers can utilize water flow and vortexes more effectively as their speed increases.

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Study tracks shifts in student mental health during college

Dartmouth researchers tracked more than 200 undergraduates for all four years of college to capture the most in-depth data yet on how students' self-esteem and mental health fluctuates during their years in academia. The researchers identify key populations and stressors they say administrators could target to improve student well-being. The study -- conducted from 2017 to 2022 -- also provides among the first real-time accounts of how the coronavirus pandemic affected students and resulted in long-lasting behavioral changes that persisted even as the pandemic diminished.

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A new sensor detects harmful 'forever chemicals' in drinking water

A new sensor can detect 'forever chemicals' known as PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) in drinking water. PFAS are found in many consumer products and are linked to cancer and other health problems.

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Dangers of smell impairment highlighted in new research

More than a third of people who self-identify as having a smell disorder have had at least one gas safety scare in the last five years, according to new research.

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Maternal obesity may promote liver cancer

Obesity, which could reach 50% of the population in certain developed countries by 2030, is a major public health concern. It not only affects the health of those who suffer from it, but could also have serious consequences for their offspring. Scientists have studied the impact of maternal obesity on the risk of developing liver disease and liver cancer. Using an animal model, the team discovered that this risk was indeed much higher in the offspring of mothers suffering from obesity.

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Cheetahs' unrivalled speed explained by their 'sweet spot' size, finds Imperial study

A new study has answered a long-held question about why medium-sized land animals like cheetahs tend to be fastest.

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India's water problems set to get worse as the world warms

Winter storms known as western disturbances that provide crucial snow and rainfall to northern India are arriving significantly later in the year.

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Study illuminates the protective role of fluorescence in neon-colored sea anemones

A team of researchers has uncovered a direct genetic link between fluorescence and color in sea anemones -- those soft and tentacled tide pool creatures often encountered by beachgoers.

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Evolutionary nature of animal friendships

Biologists present groundbreaking research shedding new light on the evolution of social bonds and cooperation among group-living animals.

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Gaining time in nature -- Nature experiences may hold the key to a healthier relationship with time

According to a new study, there is mounting evidence that nature can help humans address the time pressure of contemporary urban lifestyles by contributing to the regulation of human sense of time. A better understanding of the relationship between natural environments and human time perception can help design healthier living environments.

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Hearing study: Each nerve fiber trains on it's own

Axons that are regularly stimulated do not pass on increases in performance to their neighbors, study on mice reveals.

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Making quantum bits fly

Physicists are developing a method that could enable the stable exchange of information in quantum computers. In the leading role: photons that make quantum bits 'fly'.

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Hearing study: Each nerve fiber trains on it's own

Axons that are regularly stimulated do not pass on increases in performance to their neighbors, study on mice reveals.

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Researchers develop artificial building blocks of life

For the first time, scientists have developed artificial nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, with several additional properties in the laboratory.

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Balancing training data and human knowledge makes AI act more like a scientist

When you teach a child how to solve puzzles, you can either let them figure it out through trial and error, or you can guide them with some basic rules and tips. Similarly, incorporating rules and tips into AI training -- such as the laws of physics --could make them more efficient and more reflective of the real world. However, helping the AI assess the value of different rules can be a tricky task.

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How does a virus hijack insect sperm to control disease vectors and pests?

A widespread bacteria called Wolbachia and a virus that it carries can cause sterility in male insects by hijacking their sperm, preventing them from fertilizing eggs of females that do not have the same combination of bacteria and virus. A new study has uncovered how this microbial combination manipulates sperm, which could lead to refined techniques to control populations of agricultural pests and insects that carry diseases like Zika and dengue to humans.

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Good news for coral reef restoration efforts: Study finds 'full recovery' of reef growth within four years

While the majority of the world's reefs are now under threat or even damaged potentially beyond repair, a new study offers some encouraging news: efforts to restore coral reefs not only increase coral cover, but they can also bring back important ecosystem functions, and surprisingly fast.

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Children with 'lazy eye' are at increased risk of serious disease in adulthood

Adults who had amblyopia ('lazy eye') in childhood are more likely to experience hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in adulthood, as well as an increased risk of heart attack, finds a new study.

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Space tourism? Cosmic radiation exposure

Space weather experts are urging regulators and space tourism innovators to work together to protect their passengers and crews from the risks of space weather radiation exposure.

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COVID-19 physiological impacts vary by sex, wearable technology reveals

Males and females have differential physiological responses to COVID-19 infections, with males having larger increases in skin temperature, breathing rate and heart rate during an acute infection, according to a new study that used data from wearable devices.

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Factors associated with age-related hearing loss differ between males and females

Certain factors associated with developing age-related hearing loss differ by sex, including weight, smoking behavior, and hormone exposure, according to a new study.

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Can you tell AI-generated people from real ones?

If you recently had trouble figuring out if an image of a person is real or generated through artificial intelligence (AI), you're not alone. A new study found that people had more difficulty than was expected distinguishing who is a real person and who is artificially generated.

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An overgrowth of nerve cells appears to cause lingering symptoms after recurrent UTIs

A perplexing problem for people with recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs) is persistent pain, even after antibiotics have successfully cleared the bacteria. Now researchers have identified the likely cause -- an overgrowth of nerve cells in the bladder.

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JWST captures the end of planet formation

The James Webb Space Telescope is helping scientists uncover how planets form by advancing understanding of their birthplaces and the circumstellar disks surrounding young stars. Scientists have imaged winds from an old planet-forming disk (still very young relative to the Sun) which is actively dispersing its gas content. Knowing when the gas disperses is important as it constrains the time left for nascent planets to consume the gas from their surroundings.

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Unraveling the mystery of chiton visual systems

You'd probably walk past a chiton without even seeing it. These creatures often look like nothing more than another speck of seaweed on the crusty intertidal rocks. But it sees you. At least, if it's one of the species with eyes dotting its platemail shell.

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Tests show high-temperature superconducting magnets are ready for fusion

A comprehensive study of high-temperature superconducting magnets confirms they meet requirements for an economic, compact fusion power plant.

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Your brain in the zone: A new neuroimaging study reveals how the brain achieves a creative flow state

A new neuroimaging study reveals how the brain gets to the creative flow state.

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Scientists make nanoparticles dance to unravel quantum limits

The question of where the boundary between classical and quantum physics lies is one of the longest-standing pursuits of modern scientific research and in new research, scientists demonstrate a novel platform that could help us find an answer.

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Healthy sleep needs a healthy day: boost exercise to beat your bedtime blues

Early riser or night owl, everyone appreciates a good night's sleep. But despite the best of intentions, quality sleep can elude us, sometimes to the point where it can contribute to serious health issues. Now, a new study shows that getting a good night's sleep is tied to how you structure your day, with exercise at the heart of sleep quality.

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Parents, wealth, race drive girls' chances to play sports

The likelihood that a girl will participate in high school sports in the United States is driven not so much by individual choice, new research suggests. Instead, decisions made by parents, the wealth of one's family and community, and racial dynamics matter.

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Shining a light on the effects of habituation and neural adaptation on the evolution of animal signals

A new paper examines the possible effects of two properties of receiver playing fields documented in studies of animal psychology -- habituation and neural adaptation -- on the efficacy of mate choice signals.

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Parents, wealth, race drive girls' chances to play sports

The likelihood that a girl will participate in high school sports in the United States is driven not so much by individual choice, new research suggests. Instead, decisions made by parents, the wealth of one's family and community, and racial dynamics matter.

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The 'switch' that keeps the immune system from attacking the body

Scientists uncover the mechanism by which cells mark the protein cGAS for degradation, which is critical in preventing the immune system from mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues.

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The 'switch' that keeps the immune system from attacking the body

Scientists uncover the mechanism by which cells mark the protein cGAS for degradation, which is critical in preventing the immune system from mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues.

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New tool helps decipher gene behavior

Scientists have extensively researched the structure and sequence of genetic material and its interactions with proteins in the hope of understanding how our genetics and environment interact in diseases. This research has partly focused on 'epigenetic marks', which are chemical modifications to DNA, RNA, and the associated proteins (known as histones).

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New tool helps decipher gene behavior

Scientists have extensively researched the structure and sequence of genetic material and its interactions with proteins in the hope of understanding how our genetics and environment interact in diseases. This research has partly focused on 'epigenetic marks', which are chemical modifications to DNA, RNA, and the associated proteins (known as histones).

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/DwyaRbz