Cultural adaptation to climate change

Examining how human culture evolves in response to a changing environment may help with creating more effective climate change adaptation efforts. Using farming data from across the U.S., a team of researchers conducted a new study of cultural adaptation to climate change. They found that in many places in the U.S. farmers are already adapting to climate change by selecting crops that grow better in new conditions. Focusing on the process of cultural adaptation can improve research and policy to help adapt to a warming world.

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Soy expansion in Brazil linked to increase in childhood leukemia deaths

Brazil's rapid expansion of soy production has meant an associated rise in pesticide use. Researchers found a statistically significant correlation between soy expansion and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) deaths in children between 2008 and 2019, representing the first population-wide analysis of the association between indirect exposure to agricultural pesticides and cancer.

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Soy expansion in Brazil linked to increase in childhood leukemia deaths

Brazil's rapid expansion of soy production has meant an associated rise in pesticide use. Researchers found a statistically significant correlation between soy expansion and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) deaths in children between 2008 and 2019, representing the first population-wide analysis of the association between indirect exposure to agricultural pesticides and cancer.

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Controlling organoids with light

Organoids help researchers understand biological processes in health and in disease. It is, however, difficult to influence the way in which they organize themselves into complex tissues. Now a group has found a new way to do so.

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Discovery concerning receptors used by coronaviruses to enter human cells

The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, contrasting with other coronaviruses that were known to cause mild seasonal colds prior to its emergence in 2019. This raises the question of why one coronavirus affects humans more severely than another. Scientists have now provided part of the answer by identifying a gateway used by the seasonal coronavirus HKU1 to enter human cells.

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The sunscreen paradox: Researchers warn of 'false sense of security'

Sunscreen usage is climbing, but so are melanoma and skin cancer rates: this, researchers say, is the sunscreen paradox.

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The sunscreen paradox: Researchers warn of 'false sense of security'

Sunscreen usage is climbing, but so are melanoma and skin cancer rates: this, researchers say, is the sunscreen paradox.

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A promising target to fight inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, arise when there is a dysregulation of cell signalling pathways, leading to a chronic inflammatory response. The gut inflammatory response relies on a chain reaction involving several molecules, including RIPK2 -- known to be a good target for inhibitors treating IBDs. Researchers from the Cusack group at EMBL Grenoble have provided new insights into the interactions between RIPK2 and XIAP, another molecule involved in the inflammatory response, during the downstream chain reaction. These results, when taken together with previous structural biology studies on RIPK2, offer valuable information for the development of therapeutics to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.

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Bone density is kept up by the same process with hair color

Research finds an overlap in the mechanism of hair color determination and bone resorption, which is associated with bone related diseases like osteoporosis. The findings revealed that proteins named Rab32 and Rab38 play pivotal roles in bone resorption in osteoclast, cell specialized in the process. These proteins are also crucial for pigmentation of hair and skins.

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Bone density is kept up by the same process with hair color

Research finds an overlap in the mechanism of hair color determination and bone resorption, which is associated with bone related diseases like osteoporosis. The findings revealed that proteins named Rab32 and Rab38 play pivotal roles in bone resorption in osteoclast, cell specialized in the process. These proteins are also crucial for pigmentation of hair and skins.

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Study shows simple diet swaps can cut carbon emissions and improve your health

Making one small diet change -- chicken instead of beef, plant milk instead of cow's milk -- could significantly curb carbon emissions and increase the healthfulness of your diet, according to a new study. 

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Sperm's secret voltage switch: Scientists unlock the mystery of motility

Researchers have unveiled the hidden intricacies of how sperm go from passive bystanders to dynamic swimmers. This transformation is a pivotal step in the journey to fertilization, and it hinges on the activation of a unique ion transporter.

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Small but mighty: The hidden power of broccoli sprouts

A research team has found that polysulfides are abundant in broccoli sprouts. They found that the amount of polysulfides increased dramatically during growth, by an approximately 20-fold in seeds by the fifth day of germination. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the polysulfides detected a number of polysulfide candidates whose structures have not yet been determined. The identification of these unknown polysulfides and detailed analysis of their pharmacological activities are expected to enable the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies and medicines for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, inflammation, and other diseases.

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LIGO surpasses the quantum limit

Researchers report a significant advance in quantum squeezing, which allows them to measure undulations in space-time across the entire range of gravitational frequencies detected by LIGO. 

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Givers to crowdfunding campaigns enjoy vicarious success

Recent research has found that backers of crowdfunding projects participate, in part, because they enjoy a sense of indirect success and the feeling that they are contributing to something bigger than themselves.

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Women with a heart healthy diet in midlife are less likely to report cognitive decline later

Women with diets during middle age designed to lower blood pressure were about 17 percent less likely to report memory loss and other signs of cognitive decline decades later, a new study finds.

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New study reveals role of hippocampus in two functions of memory

For the first time, a new study in rats teases apart the role of the hippocampus in two functions of memory -- one that remembers associations between time, place and what one did, and another that allows one to predict or plan future actions based on past experiences.

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Researchers develop DANGER analysis tool for the safer design of gene editing

A team of researchers has developed a software tool that provides a way for the safer design of genome editing in all organisms with a transcriptome. For about a decade, researchers have used the CRISPR technology for genome editing. However, there are some challenges in the use of CRISPR. The new analysis system overcomes these challenges and allows researchers to perform safer on- and off-target assessments without a reference genome. It holds the potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, and biological research.

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New study shows surprising effects of fire in North America's boreal forests

Using satellite images, researchers found that fires in North America's boreal forest may be changing the environment in ways that researchers didn't previously anticipate.

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International team develops novel DNA nano engine

An international team of scientists has recently developed a novel type of nano engine made of DNA. It is driven by a clever mechanism and can perform pulsing movements. The researchers are now planning to fit it with a coupling and install it as a drive in complex nano machines.

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Less is (often) more when it comes to health impact of children on parents later in life, new study says

Researchers have examined the association between number of children and several key health indicators among older adults across multiple global regions.

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Researchers identify the oldest pieces of Baltic amber found on the Iberian Peninsula: imports began over 5,000 years ago

Baltic amber is a luxury material used in jewellery and handicrafts all over the world. Researchers have shown that Baltic amber arrived on the Iberian Peninsula at least in the 4th millennium BC, more than a millennium earlier than previously thought.

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Scientists propose super-bright light sources powered by quasiparticles

Researchers have proposed ways to use quasiparticles to create light sources as powerful as the most advanced ones in existence today, but much smaller.

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'I'd rather not know': Why we choose ignorance

When given the choice to learn how their actions will affect someone else, 40% of people will choose ignorance, often in order to have an excuse to act selfishly, according to new research.

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Scientists discover links between Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiota

Research identifies links between gut bacteria, inflammation and brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that Alzheimer's symptoms can be transferred via the gut microbiota.

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Amitriptyline helps relieve IBS symptoms

Amitriptyline can improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients seen in GP surgeries, new research has found.  The cheap and widely available prescription drug, which is commonly used at low doses for a range of health concerns, has been found to improve irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms too, according to the results of the ATLANTIS trial. The results showed that patients taking amitriptyline were almost twice as likely to report an overall improvement in symptoms as those taking a placebo.   

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Virtual reality helps people with hoarding disorder practice decluttering

A new study lets patients practice letting go of treasured objects in simulations of their own homes.

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How to tell if your boss is a 'corporate psychopath'

New research considers how the financial industry can identify, manage and, if necessary, remove these individuals.

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Climate network analysis helps pinpoint regions at higher risk of extreme weather

Climate change and the rapid increase in frequency of extreme weather events around the globe reinforces the reality that these events are interconnected. Researchers now describe a climate network analysis method to explore the intensity, distribution, and evolution of this interlinked climate behavior, or teleconnections. The analysis combines the directions and distribution patterns of teleconnections to evaluate their intensity and to identify sensitive regions using global daily surface air temperature data. The method relies on advanced data processing and mathematical algorithms to find meaningful insights.

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AI models identify biodiversity from animal sounds in tropical rainforests

Animal sounds are a very good indicator of biodiversity in tropical reforestation areas. Researchers demonstrate this by using sound recordings and AI models.

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Study examines role of working memory, cognitive functions in English learners learning to write

A new study has examined the role of several cognitive functions in young students learning to write English, their second language. The study conducted a battery of cognitive tests, gauged the writing skills of the students and then tested the functions again. Working memory, or how we store thoughts we want to convey, was shown to be the most significant predictor of writing ability. Other cognitive functions like phonological awareness and oral language development increased as the students aged, but were not associated with improved writing. The results not only help us understand how English learners, a growing population, learn to write, but can help educators design better interventions to help the students, researchers argue.

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Researchers develop innovative technique for distinguishing tumor from normal tissue

Researchers have developed a visualization tool that combines high-speed cameras and fluorescent injection to distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue across cancer types. The team evaluated the new imaging technology, known as fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, using specimens from more than 60 patients that underwent surgery of various cancers. The team reported that the technique was over 97 percent accurate across tumor types, with the potential to improve the accuracy of cancer surgeries.

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Researchers develop innovative technique for distinguishing tumor from normal tissue

Researchers have developed a visualization tool that combines high-speed cameras and fluorescent injection to distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue across cancer types. The team evaluated the new imaging technology, known as fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, using specimens from more than 60 patients that underwent surgery of various cancers. The team reported that the technique was over 97 percent accurate across tumor types, with the potential to improve the accuracy of cancer surgeries.

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Can't stop binging on fries and BBQ?

People overeat and become overweight for a variety of reasons. The fact that flavorful high-calorie food is often available nearly everywhere at any time doesn't help. Researchers have determined for the first time why certain chemicals in cooked or processed foods, called advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, increase hunger and test our willpower or ability to make healthy choices when it comes to food.

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Wildfires threaten environmental gains in climate-crucial Amazon

Despite steps toward decreasing deforestation, uncontrolled wildfires are threatening environmental gains in Brazilian Amazonia, one of the world's most critical carbon sinks and a region of high biological and cultural diversity.  

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Management zone maps of little use to corn growers

A multiyear analysis tested whether management zone maps based on soil conditions, topography or other landscape features can reliably predict which parts of a cornfield will respond best to higher rates of seeding or nitrogen application. The study found that -- contrary to common assumptions -- crop-plot responses to the same inputs vary significantly from year to year. The most unpredictable factor -- the weather -- seemed to have the biggest impact on how the crops responded to these inputs.

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Can't stop binging on fries and BBQ?

People overeat and become overweight for a variety of reasons. The fact that flavorful high-calorie food is often available nearly everywhere at any time doesn't help. Researchers have determined for the first time why certain chemicals in cooked or processed foods, called advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, increase hunger and test our willpower or ability to make healthy choices when it comes to food.

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Brain tumor treatment by targeting TUG1, a gene that controls replication stress

A new study has revealed a crucial link between the TUG1 gene and the ability of cancer cells to proliferate under high-stress conditions. Targeting this gene with a new therapy suppressed tumor growth and found increased chances of survival. These findings suggest a novel way to fight aggressive brain tumors.

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Fruit fly serenade: Neuroscientists decode their tiny mating song

An extremely supportive atmosphere for new ideas laid the foundation for an 'Aha moment' about a toggle-switch in the fruit fly brain. Do humans have one, too?

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Flooding that closed Alaska's Dalton Highway also caused widespread ground sinking

The massive 2015 flooding of the Sagavanirktok River in northern Alaska had immediate impacts, including closure of the Dalton Highway for several days, but it also contributed to longer-term ground subsidence in the permafrost-rich region. 

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New cyber algorithm shuts down malicious robotic attack

Researchers have designed an algorithm that can intercept a man-in-the-middle (MitM) cyberattack on an unmanned military robot and shut it down in seconds. The algorithm, tested in real time, achieved a 99% success rate.

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Win-win in muscle research: Faster results and fewer laboratory animals thanks to new method

To study muscle diseases, scientists rely on the mouse as a model organism. Researchers have now developed a new method that is not only faster and more efficient than conventional ones but also greatly reduces the number of experimental animals needed for studying the function of genes in muscle fibers.

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'Starquakes' could explain mystery signals

Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, are an astronomical mystery, with their exact cause and origins still unconfirmed. These intense bursts of radio energy are invisible to the human eye, but show up brightly on radio telescopes. Previous studies have noted broad similarities between the energy distribution of repeat FRBs, and that of earthquakes and solar flares. However, new research has looked at the time and energy of FRBs and found distinct differences between FRBs and solar flares, but several notable similarities between FRBs and earthquakes. This supports the theory that FRBs are caused by 'starquakes' on the surface of neutron stars. This discovery could help us better understand earthquakes, the behavior of high-density matter and aspects of nuclear physics.

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AI speeds up identification brain tumor type

What type of brain tumor does this patient have? AI technology helps to determine this as early as during surgery, within 1.5 hours. This process normally takes a week. The new technology allows neurosurgeons to adjust their surgical strategies on the spot.

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Who will have 'miracle' improvement of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy?

When women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plan to become pregnant, many anguish over whether to stop their medications, risking a flareup in their disease, or continue with medication and risk possible harm to the baby. About 50% to 75% will see their disease naturally improve during pregnancy for not-yet-known reasons, while others may see a worsening of their RA. But they have had no way of knowing which would happen to them. Now, scientists have identified, for the first time, genetic markers before pregnancy that could predict who will improve and who will worsen.

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Who will have 'miracle' improvement of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy?

When women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plan to become pregnant, many anguish over whether to stop their medications, risking a flareup in their disease, or continue with medication and risk possible harm to the baby. About 50% to 75% will see their disease naturally improve during pregnancy for not-yet-known reasons, while others may see a worsening of their RA. But they have had no way of knowing which would happen to them. Now, scientists have identified, for the first time, genetic markers before pregnancy that could predict who will improve and who will worsen.

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Newly-discovered 'margarita snails' from the Florida Keys are bright lemon-yellow

A newly-discovered, bright yellow snail has been discovered in the Florida Keys and named in honor of Jimmy Buffet's song 'Margaritaville.' The lemon-colored marine snail, along with its lime-green cousin from Belize, is the subject of a recent study ; researchers think these snails' bright colors might help deter predators.

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The Gulf Stream is warming and shifting closer to shore

The Gulf Stream is intrinsic to the global climate system, bringing warm waters from the Caribbean up the East Coast of the United States. As it flows along the coast and then across the Atlantic Ocean, this powerful ocean current influences weather patterns and storms, and it carries heat from the tropics to higher latitudes as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.  A new study now documents that over the past 20 years, the Gulf Stream has warmed faster than the global ocean as a whole and has shifted towards the coast. The study relies on over 25,000 temperature and salinity profiles collected between 2001 and 2023.  

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Climate-driven extreme heat may make parts of Earth too hot for humans

If global temperatures increase by 1 degree Celsius (C) or more than current levels, each year billions of people will be exposed to heat and humidity so extreme they will be unable to naturally cool themselves, according to interdisciplinary research. Results indicated that warming of the planet beyond 1.5 C above preindustrial levels will be increasingly devastating for human health across the planet.  

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Climate-driven extreme heat may make parts of Earth too hot for humans

If global temperatures increase by 1 degree Celsius (C) or more than current levels, each year billions of people will be exposed to heat and humidity so extreme they will be unable to naturally cool themselves, according to interdisciplinary research. Results indicated that warming of the planet beyond 1.5 C above preindustrial levels will be increasingly devastating for human health across the planet.  

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Researchers create a neural network for genomics -- one that explains how it achieves accurate predictions

A team of computer scientists has created a neural network that can explain how it reaches its predictions. The work reveals what accounts for the functionality of neural networks--the engines that drive artificial intelligence and machine learning--thereby illuminating a process that has largely been concealed from users.   

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Protein that could help defeat Alzheimer's and increase productive lifespan

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, a disorder of progressively worsening memory and other thinking abilities. It rose up in the ranks of leading causes of death over the past several decades. It can also limit the duration of a working career, create uncertainty in the financial planning for retirement and rob patients of enjoyment and happiness in the final years. An effective treatment against this disease could give back to the patient the decision when to retire and improve quality of life in advanced age.   Now, scientists are on the trail of a promising new therapeutic target – ABCA7, a protein known to protect from Alzheimer’s disease. The study uncovers new information about the relationship between ABCA7, cholesterol, and inflammation in human brain cells.

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Protein that could help defeat Alzheimer's and increase productive lifespan

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, a disorder of progressively worsening memory and other thinking abilities. It rose up in the ranks of leading causes of death over the past several decades. It can also limit the duration of a working career, create uncertainty in the financial planning for retirement and rob patients of enjoyment and happiness in the final years. An effective treatment against this disease could give back to the patient the decision when to retire and improve quality of life in advanced age.   Now, scientists are on the trail of a promising new therapeutic target – ABCA7, a protein known to protect from Alzheimer’s disease. The study uncovers new information about the relationship between ABCA7, cholesterol, and inflammation in human brain cells.

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Survival of the newest: the mammals that survive mass extinctions aren't as 'boring' as scientists thought

For decades, scientists have assumed that mammals and their relatives that survived challenging times (like those during mass extinctions) made it because they were generalists that were able to eat just about anything and adapt to whatever life threw at them. A new study into the mammal family tree through multiple mass extinctions revealed that the species that survived aren't as generic as scientists had thought: instead, having new and different traits can be the key to succeeding in the aftermath of a catastrophe.

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And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is

Scholars have discovered evidence of a sixth basic taste. The tongue responds to ammonium chloride, a popular ingredient in some Scandinavian candies. The OTOP1 protein receptor, previously linked to sour taste, is activated by ammonium chloride.  The ability to taste ammonium chloride may have evolved to help organisms avoid harmful substances.

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Climate intervention technologies may create winners and losers in world food supply

A technology being studied to curb climate change – one that could be put in place in one or two decades if work on the technology began now – would affect food productivity in parts of planet Earth in dramatically different ways, benefiting some areas, and adversely affecting others, according to new projections.

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Women living in more walkable neighborhoods have lower rates of obesity-related cancers

Residing in a more walkable neighborhood protects against the risk of overall obesity-related cancers in women, specifically postmenopausal breast cancer, but also ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and multiple myeloma, according to a new study. Obesity has been linked to increased risk for 13 types of cancer in women, and physical activity, independent of body size, lowers risk for some of these cancers.  Until now long-term studies of neighborhood walkability and risk for obesity-related cancer were limited.

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Being a vegetarian may be partly in your genes

A person's genetic makeup plays a role in determining whether they can stick to a strict vegetarian diet, a new study has found. The findings open the door to further studies that could have important implications regarding dietary recommendations and the production of meat substitutes.

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Being a vegetarian may be partly in your genes

A person's genetic makeup plays a role in determining whether they can stick to a strict vegetarian diet, a new study has found. The findings open the door to further studies that could have important implications regarding dietary recommendations and the production of meat substitutes.

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New strategy for eye condition could replace injections with eyedrops

A new compound potentially could offer an alternative to injections for the millions of people who suffer from an eye condition that causes blindness.

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Carbon capture method plucks CO2 straight from the air

Even as the world slowly begins to decarbonize industrial processes, achieving lower concentrations of atmospheric carbon requires technologies that remove existing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere — rather than just prevent the creation of it.

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Instant evolution: AI designs new robot from scratch in seconds

Researchers developed the first AI to date that can intelligently design robots from scratch by compressing billions of years of evolution into mere seconds. It's not only fast but also runs on a lightweight computer and designs wholly novel structures from scratch — without human-labeled, bias-filled datasets.

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Large mound structures on Kuiper belt object Arrokoth may have common origin

A new study posits that the large, approximately 5-kilometer-long mounds that dominate the appearance of the larger lobe of the pristine Kuiper Belt object Arrokoth are similar enough to suggest a common origin. The study suggests that these “building blocks” could guide further work on planetesimal formational models.

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Pregnant women offered new hope for safe and effective gestational diabetes treatment

A clinical trial into treatment for gestational diabetes, involving more than 500 pregnant women, has revealed what the lead academic has described as a significant step forward for women. The research has found benefits for both mothers and their newborn babies, and alleviated concerns over the use of the drug metformin, including less weight gain for mothers; no evidence of increase in preterm birth; and no differences in adverse neonatal outcomes.

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Pregnant women offered new hope for safe and effective gestational diabetes treatment

A clinical trial into treatment for gestational diabetes, involving more than 500 pregnant women, has revealed what the lead academic has described as a significant step forward for women. The research has found benefits for both mothers and their newborn babies, and alleviated concerns over the use of the drug metformin, including less weight gain for mothers; no evidence of increase in preterm birth; and no differences in adverse neonatal outcomes.

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Study uncovers reasons Americans did not get booster vaccines

In September 2022, new bivalent COVID-19 boosters became available in the United States, but less than 20% of the eligible population ultimately received one. A new study identified why so many Americans did not receive a booster.

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Study uncovers reasons Americans did not get booster vaccines

In September 2022, new bivalent COVID-19 boosters became available in the United States, but less than 20% of the eligible population ultimately received one. A new study identified why so many Americans did not receive a booster.

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Advanced bladder cancer patients could keep their bladder under new treatment regime, clinical trial shows

Investigators have developed a new approach for treating invasive bladder cancer without the need for surgical removal of the bladder. Removing the bladder is currently a standard approach when cancer has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder.

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Plant chloroplasts promise potential therapy for Huntington's disease

A chloroplast enzyme safeguards plants against pathological protein aggregation that causes Huntington’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. New research may have found a way to 'copy' the mechanism for application in human cells.

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Plant chloroplasts promise potential therapy for Huntington's disease

A chloroplast enzyme safeguards plants against pathological protein aggregation that causes Huntington’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. New research may have found a way to 'copy' the mechanism for application in human cells.

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A more effective experimental design for engineering a cell into a new state

A new machine-learning approach helps scientists more efficiently identify the optimal intervention to achieve a certain outcome in a complex system, such as genome regulation, requiring far fewer experimental trials than other methods. 

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A more effective experimental design for engineering a cell into a new state

A new machine-learning approach helps scientists more efficiently identify the optimal intervention to achieve a certain outcome in a complex system, such as genome regulation, requiring far fewer experimental trials than other methods. 

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Skin behind the ears and between the toes can host a collection of unhealthy microbes

Scrubbing behind the ears and between the toes may help keep the skin in those regions healthy, new research suggests. The microbiome, or the collection of microbes living on and in the human body, are known to play a role in human health and the skin is no different. A new study has shown that the composition of the skin microbiome varies across dry, moist and oily regions of the skin.

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Wearable device data reveals that reduced sleep and activity in pregnancy is linked to premature birth risk

Data from wearables show that deviations from normal sleep and activity in pregnancy are connected to a risk for premature delivery, a new study found.

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For the lonely, a blurred line between real and fictional people

In lonely people, the boundary between real friends and favorite fictional characters gets blurred in the part of the brain that is active when thinking about others, a new study found.

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Grandparent childcare may not help the wellbeing of mums or reduce mother-child conflict, study suggests

Grandparent childcare for toddlers doesn’t have an impact on the wellbeing of their mothers, a new study suggests.

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Grandparent childcare may not help the wellbeing of mums or reduce mother-child conflict, study suggests

Grandparent childcare for toddlers doesn’t have an impact on the wellbeing of their mothers, a new study suggests.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/r10WpUA