Earth prefers to serve life in XXS and XXL sizes

Life comes in all shapes in sizes, but some sizes are more popular than others, new research has found. A survey of body sizes of all Earth's living organisms has uncovered an unexpected pattern. Contrary to what current theories can explain, our planet's biomass -- the material that makes up all living organisms -- is concentrated in organisms at either end of the size spectrum.

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New, exhaustive study probes hidden history of horses in the American West

Indigenous peoples as far north as Wyoming and Idaho may have begun to care for horses by the first half of the 17th Century, according to a new study by researchers from 15 countries and multiple Native American groups.

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Molecular imaging offers insight into chemo-brain

A newly published literature review sheds light on how nuclear medicine brain imaging can help evaluate the biological changes that cause chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), commonly known as chemo-brain. Armed with this information, patients can understand better the changes in their cognitive status during and after treatment.

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Molecular imaging offers insight into chemo-brain

A newly published literature review sheds light on how nuclear medicine brain imaging can help evaluate the biological changes that cause chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), commonly known as chemo-brain. Armed with this information, patients can understand better the changes in their cognitive status during and after treatment.

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First silicon integrated ECRAM for a practical AI accelerator

The transformative changes brought by deep learning and artificial intelligence are accompanied by immense costs. For example, OpenAI's ChatGPT algorithm costs at least $100,000 every day to operate. This could be reduced with accelerators, or computer hardware designed to efficiently perform the specific operations of deep learning. However, such a device is only viable if it can be integrated with mainstream silicon-based computing hardware on the material level.

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Tiny yet hazardous: New study shows aerosols produced by contaminated bubble bursting are far smaller than predicted

New research has shown that bursting bubbles coated by a thin oil layer produce drops with smaller sizes, greater overall number of drops, and are ejected at a higher velocity, compared to bubbles generated in clean water.

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Pathogen mapped: Evolution and potential treatments

A parasite which has devastating impacts on agriculture and human health is the first pathogen to have its proteins located and mapped within its cells -- providing clues to their function and helping to identify potential drug targets.

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Graphene grows -- and we can see it

Graphene is the strongest of all materials. On top of that, it is exceptionally good at conducting heat and electrical currents, making it one of the most special and versatile materials we know. For all these reasons, the discovery of graphene was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Yet, many properties of the material and its cousins are still poorly understood -- for the simple reason that the atoms they are made up of are very difficult to observe.

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Finding the sweet spot in sugar reductions

Putting less sugar in sodas and reducing the package size of sodas sold in supermarkets may help reduce our collective sugar intake and thus lower the associated health risks. Good news for consumers, but how does it affect manufacturers? Research conducted in the US has shown that marketing diet or sugar-free varieties does not lead to an increase in the overall turnover of soda manufacturers. This is because consumers tend to switch from sugary to sugar-free versions of the same brand. However, reducing the package size of soda does have a positive effect on the sales figures of the brand as a whole.

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Finding the sweet spot in sugar reductions

Putting less sugar in sodas and reducing the package size of sodas sold in supermarkets may help reduce our collective sugar intake and thus lower the associated health risks. Good news for consumers, but how does it affect manufacturers? Research conducted in the US has shown that marketing diet or sugar-free varieties does not lead to an increase in the overall turnover of soda manufacturers. This is because consumers tend to switch from sugary to sugar-free versions of the same brand. However, reducing the package size of soda does have a positive effect on the sales figures of the brand as a whole.

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AI 'brain' created from core materials for OLED TVs

A research team develops semiconductor devices for high-performance AI operations by applying IGZO materials widely used in OLED displays.

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Use age, not weight, to screen for diabetes

Focus on age, not weight, to capture the greatest number of people in all racial and ethnic groups with prediabetes and diabetes, reports a new study. Screening all adults aged 35 to 70 years, regardless of weight, identifies the greatest proportion of adults with prediabetes and diabetes in the U.S. This approach will also maximize the ability to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes across all racial and ethnic groups, Racial/ethnic minority groups develop diabetes at lower weights than white adults.

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Use age, not weight, to screen for diabetes

Focus on age, not weight, to capture the greatest number of people in all racial and ethnic groups with prediabetes and diabetes, reports a new study. Screening all adults aged 35 to 70 years, regardless of weight, identifies the greatest proportion of adults with prediabetes and diabetes in the U.S. This approach will also maximize the ability to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes across all racial and ethnic groups, Racial/ethnic minority groups develop diabetes at lower weights than white adults.

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New in-home AI tool monitors the health of elderly residents

Engineers are harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) and wireless technology to unobtrusively monitor elderly people in their living spaces and provide early detection of emerging health problems.

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Redness of Neptunian asteroids sheds light on early Solar System

Asteroids sharing their orbits with the planet Neptune have been observed to exist in a broad spectrum of red color, implying the existence of two populations of asteroids in the region, according to a new study by an international team of researchers.

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The powerhouse of the future: Artificial cells

Researchers identify the most promising advancements and greatest challenges of artificial mitochondria and chloroplasts. The team describes the components required to construct synthetic mitochondria and chloroplasts and identifies proteins as the most important aspects for molecular rotary machinery, proton transport, and ATP production. The authors believe it is important to create artificial cells with biologically realistic energy-generation methods that mimic natural processes; replicating the entire cell could lead to future biomaterials.

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JWST confirms giant planet atmospheres vary widely

Astronomers have found the atmospheric compositions of giant planets out in the galaxy do not fit our own solar system trend.

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Vehicle exhaust filters do not remove ultrafine pollution

Filters fitted to vehicle exhaust systems to remove particulate matter pollution have limited impact on ultrafine particles, new research shows.

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Vehicle exhaust filters do not remove ultrafine pollution

Filters fitted to vehicle exhaust systems to remove particulate matter pollution have limited impact on ultrafine particles, new research shows.

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Art evokes feelings in the body

A new study reveals that art has a powerful effect on people's bodies and emotions.

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New type of entanglement lets scientists 'see' inside nuclei

Nuclear physicists have found a new way to see inside nuclei by tracking interactions between particles of light and gluons. The method relies on harnessing a new type of quantum interference between two dissimilar particles. Tracking how these entangled particles emerge from the interactions lets scientists map out the arrangement of gluons. This approach is unusual for making use of entanglement between dissimilar particles -- something rare in quantum studies.

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Dieting: Brain amplifies signal of hunger synapses

Many people who have dieted are familiar with the yo-yo effect: after the diet, the kilos are quickly put back on. Researchers have now shown in mice that communication in the brain changes during a diet: The nerve cells that mediate the feeling of hunger receive stronger signals, so that the mice eat significantly more after the diet and gain weight more quickly. In the long term, these findings could help developing drugs to prevent this amplification and help to maintain a reduced body weight after dieting.

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Dieting: Brain amplifies signal of hunger synapses

Many people who have dieted are familiar with the yo-yo effect: after the diet, the kilos are quickly put back on. Researchers have now shown in mice that communication in the brain changes during a diet: The nerve cells that mediate the feeling of hunger receive stronger signals, so that the mice eat significantly more after the diet and gain weight more quickly. In the long term, these findings could help developing drugs to prevent this amplification and help to maintain a reduced body weight after dieting.

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Deceptive daisy's ability to create fake flies explained

Researchers have discovered how a South African daisy makes fake lady flies on its petals to trick male flies into pollinating it.

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Microplastics limit energy production in tiny freshwater species

Microplastic pollution reduces energy production in a microscopic creature found in freshwater worldwide, new research shows.

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Scientists warn of rise in potentially fatal bacterial infection due to global warming

Continued warming of the climate would see a rise in the number and spread of potentially fatal infections caused by bacteria found along parts of the coast of the United States. Vibrio vulnificus bacteria grow in warm shallow coastal waters and can infect a cut or insect bite during contact with seawater. The researchers predict that by 2041--2060 infections may spread to encompass major population centers around New York. Combined with a growing and increasingly elderly population, who are more susceptible to infection, annual case numbers could double.

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Scientists warn of rise in potentially fatal bacterial infection due to global warming

Continued warming of the climate would see a rise in the number and spread of potentially fatal infections caused by bacteria found along parts of the coast of the United States. Vibrio vulnificus bacteria grow in warm shallow coastal waters and can infect a cut or insect bite during contact with seawater. The researchers predict that by 2041--2060 infections may spread to encompass major population centers around New York. Combined with a growing and increasingly elderly population, who are more susceptible to infection, annual case numbers could double.

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Being fit partially offsets negative impact of high blood pressure

High fitness levels may reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease in men with high blood pressure, according to a 29-year study.

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Drought, heat waves worsen West Coast air pollution inequality

A new study found drought and heat waves could make air pollution worse for communities that already have a high pollution burden in California, and deepen pollution inequalities along racial and ethnic lines. The study also found financial penalties for power plants can significantly reduce people's pollution exposure, except during severe heat waves.

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Depressed, and aging fast

Older adults with depression are actually aging faster than their peers, researchers report. They also have poor cardiovascular and brain health.

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Depressed, and aging fast

Older adults with depression are actually aging faster than their peers, researchers report. They also have poor cardiovascular and brain health.

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Optical switching at record speeds opens door for ultrafast, light-based electronics and computers

Imagine a home computer operating 1 million times faster than the most expensive hardware on the market. Now, imagine that being the industry standard. Physicists hope to pave the way for that reality.

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Global experts propose a path forward in generating clean power from waste energy

Scientists have created a comprehensive 'roadmap' to guide global efforts to convert waste energy into clean power.

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How fit is your gut microbiome?

It is well known that the microbiomes of athletes are different from of those who are sedentary. To investigate how exercise shapes the gut microbiota in non-athletes, the study assessed information on the type, time and intensity of exercise in relation to microbiomes in a large cohort of middle-aged adults.

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Biodegradable artificial muscles: Going green in the field of soft robotics

Scientists have developed fully biodegradable, high-performance artificial muscles. Their research project marks another step towards green technology becoming a lasting trend in the field of soft robotics.

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How fit is your gut microbiome?

It is well known that the microbiomes of athletes are different from of those who are sedentary. To investigate how exercise shapes the gut microbiota in non-athletes, the study assessed information on the type, time and intensity of exercise in relation to microbiomes in a large cohort of middle-aged adults.

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Is bone health linked to brain health?

People who have low bone density may have an increased risk of developing dementia compared to people who have higher bone density. The study does not prove that low bone density causes dementia. It only shows an association.

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Is bone health linked to brain health?

People who have low bone density may have an increased risk of developing dementia compared to people who have higher bone density. The study does not prove that low bone density causes dementia. It only shows an association.

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Hidden 'super spreaders' spur dengue fever transmission

For mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, the abundance of the insects in places where people gather has long served as the main barometer for infection risk. A new study, however, suggests that the number of 'hidden' infections tied to a place, or cases of infected people who show no symptoms, is the key indicator for dengue risk.

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Study shows 'obesity paradox' does not exist: Waist-to-height ratio is a better indicator of outcomes in patients with heart failure than BMI

New research has debunked the idea that there is an 'obesity paradox', whereby patients with heart failure who are overweight or obese are thought to be less likely to end up in hospital or die than people of normal weight. The study, which is published in the European Heart Journal, shows that if doctors measure the ratio of waist to height of their patients, rather than looking at their body mass index (BMI), the supposed survival advantage for people with a BMI of 25kg/m2 or more disappears.

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Novel drug makes mice skinny even on sugary, fatty diet

Deleting a gene that promotes magnesium transport into mitochondria (which are cells' power plants) resulted in more efficient metabolism of sugar and fat in the energy centers. The result: skinny, healthy mice. Now the research team, has developed a small-molecule drug that accomplishes the same effect in mice.

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To ward off aging, stem cells must take out the trash

Researchers find stem cells use a surprising system for discarding misfolded proteins. This unique pathway could be the key to maintaining long-term health and preventing age-related blood and immune disorders.

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To ward off aging, stem cells must take out the trash

Researchers find stem cells use a surprising system for discarding misfolded proteins. This unique pathway could be the key to maintaining long-term health and preventing age-related blood and immune disorders.

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Diet and exercise programs alone won't tackle childhood obesity

Focusing on immediate fixes such as diet and exercise programs alone won't curb the tide of childhood obesity, according to a new study that for the first time maps the complex pathways that lead to obesity in childhood.

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Diet and exercise programs alone won't tackle childhood obesity

Focusing on immediate fixes such as diet and exercise programs alone won't curb the tide of childhood obesity, according to a new study that for the first time maps the complex pathways that lead to obesity in childhood.

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Advanced brain imaging study hints at how DMT psychedelic alters perception of reality

Scientists have gleaned new insights into how psychedelics alter conscious experience via their action on brain activity.

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Advanced brain imaging study hints at how DMT psychedelic alters perception of reality

Scientists have gleaned new insights into how psychedelics alter conscious experience via their action on brain activity.

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Can lymph nodes boost the success of cancer immunotherapy?

Cancer treatment routinely involves taking out lymph nodes near the tumor in case they contain metastatic cancer cells. But new findings from a clinical trial show that immunotherapy can activate tumor-fighting T cells in nearby lymph nodes.

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Can lymph nodes boost the success of cancer immunotherapy?

Cancer treatment routinely involves taking out lymph nodes near the tumor in case they contain metastatic cancer cells. But new findings from a clinical trial show that immunotherapy can activate tumor-fighting T cells in nearby lymph nodes.

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Scientists use tardigrade proteins for human health breakthrough

Natural and engineered versions of tardigrade proteins can be used to stabilize an important pharmaceutical used to treat people with hemophilia and other conditions without the need for refrigeration -- even amid high temperatures and other difficult conditions.

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Sculpting quantum materials for the electronics of the future

The development of new information and communication technologies poses new challenges to scientists and industry. Designing new quantum materials -- whose exceptional properties stem from quantum physics -- is the most promising way to meet these challenges. An international team has designed a material in which the dynamics of electrons can be controlled by curving the fabric of space in which they evolve. These properties are of interest for next-generation electronic devices, including the optoelectronics of the future.

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Few people seem to find real joy in JOMO

Most people who ranked high in 'joy of missing out' or JOMO also reported high levels of social anxiety in a recent study. The term JOMO has been popularized as a healthy enjoyment of solitude in almost direct opposition to the negative FOMO, the 'fear of missing out' people may have when seeing others having fun experiences without them. In an analysis of two samples of adults, researchers found mixed results when it comes to JOMO with evidence that there is some anxiety behind the joy.

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Can synthetic polymers replace the body's natural proteins?

Scientists developing new biomaterials often try to mimic the body's natural proteins, but a chemist shows that simpler polymers -- based on a handful of plastic building blocks -- also work well. Using AI, her team was able to design polymer mixtures that replicate simple protein functions within biological fluids. The random heteropolymers dissolve and stabilize proteins and can support cells' normal protein-making machinery. The technique could speed the design of materials for biomedical applications.

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DART VADAR harnesses the force of enzymes for better RNA drugs

Gene therapy has been heralded as the new frontier of medicine, but there are still many limitations to current technologies; among them, how to deliver therapeutic genes to specific cells, and only activate them in the right context. A team has created a new RNA-based tool called DART VADAR to bring gene editing out of the 'dark side' of those problems and into the light. Using an engineered form of a naturally occurring enzyme, their sensors can automatically sense the presence of a trigger molecule and initiate the translation of payload genes within cells. The advance broadens the scope of conditions that can be treated with RNA-based therapeutics and enables the development of highly specific treatments for a variety of diseases.

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DART VADAR harnesses the force of enzymes for better RNA drugs

Gene therapy has been heralded as the new frontier of medicine, but there are still many limitations to current technologies; among them, how to deliver therapeutic genes to specific cells, and only activate them in the right context. A team has created a new RNA-based tool called DART VADAR to bring gene editing out of the 'dark side' of those problems and into the light. Using an engineered form of a naturally occurring enzyme, their sensors can automatically sense the presence of a trigger molecule and initiate the translation of payload genes within cells. The advance broadens the scope of conditions that can be treated with RNA-based therapeutics and enables the development of highly specific treatments for a variety of diseases.

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Rivers and streams in the Andean Cordillera are hot spots for greenhouse gases emissions

Researchers show that rivers in the Andean mountains contribute 35% and 72% of riverine emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) in the Amazon basin, the world's largest river.

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Key role identified for nervous system in severe allergic shock

A key feature of the severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis is an abrupt drop in blood pressure and body temperature, causing people to faint and, if untreated, potentially die. That response has long been attributed to a sudden dilation and leakage of blood vessels. But in a study using mice, researchers have found that this response, especially body temperature drop, requires an additional mechanism -- the nervous system.

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New combination of drugs works together to reduce lung tumors in mice

A new study has revealed FDA-approved trametinib and entinostat (which is currently in clinical trials) can be given in tandem to produce fewer and smaller tumors in mice with LKB1-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

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Discovery of an unexpected function of blood immune cells: Their ability to proliferate

The ability of a cell to divide, to proliferate, is essential for life and gives rise to the formation of complex organisms from a single cell. It also allows the replacement of used cells from a limited number of 'stem' cells, which then proliferate and specialize. In cancer, however, cell proliferation is no longer controlled and becomes chaotic. Researchers have discovered that, in a healthy individual, certain blood immune cells, the monocytes, also have this ability to proliferate, with the aim to replace tissue macrophages, which are essential for the proper functioning of our body.

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Discovery of an unexpected function of blood immune cells: Their ability to proliferate

The ability of a cell to divide, to proliferate, is essential for life and gives rise to the formation of complex organisms from a single cell. It also allows the replacement of used cells from a limited number of 'stem' cells, which then proliferate and specialize. In cancer, however, cell proliferation is no longer controlled and becomes chaotic. Researchers have discovered that, in a healthy individual, certain blood immune cells, the monocytes, also have this ability to proliferate, with the aim to replace tissue macrophages, which are essential for the proper functioning of our body.

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Fossil site is 'Rosetta Stone' for understanding early life

Leading edge technology has uncovered secrets about a world-renowned fossil hoard that could offer vital clues about early life on earth. Researchers who analysed the 400 million-year-old-cache, found in rural north-east Scotland, say their findings reveal better preservation of the fossils at a molecular level than was previously anticipated.

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Study shines new light on ancient microbial dark matter

An international research team produced the first large-scale analysis of more than 400 newly sequenced and existing Omnitrophota genomes, uncovering new details about their biology and behavior.

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New study provides first comprehensive look at oxygen loss on coral reefs

A new study is providing an unprecedented examination of oxygen loss on coral reefs around the globe under ocean warming. The study captures the current state of hypoxia -- or low oxygen levels -- at 32 different sites, and reveals that hypoxia is already pervasive on many reefs.

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Bird flu associated with hundreds of seal deaths in New England in 2022

Researchers have found that an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was associated with the deaths of more than 330 New England harbor and gray seals along the North Atlantic coast in June and July 2022, and the outbreak was connected to a wave of avian influenza in birds in the region.

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Mental landscapes: Magnificent wiring

For a functioning brain to develop from its embryonic beginnings, so much has to happen and go exactly right with exquisite precision, according to a just-so sequence in space and time. It's like starting with a brick that somehow replicates and differentiates into a hundred types of building materials that also replicate, while simultaneously self-assembling into a handsome skyscraper replete with functioning thermal, plumbing, security and electrical systems.

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3D-printed insoles measure sole pressure directly in the shoe

Researchers are developing a 3D-printed insole with integrated sensors that allows the pressure of the sole to be measured in the shoe and thus during any activity. This helps athletes or patients to determine performance and therapy progress.

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Memories could be lost if two key brain regions fail to sync together, study finds

Learning, remembering something, and recalling memories is supported by multiple separate groups of neurons connected inside and across key regions in the brain. If these neural assemblies fail to sync together at the right time, the memories are lost, a new study has found.

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Study unravels a cause of resistance to novel drug in patients with acute leukemia

A new targeted drug has not only sparked remissions in patients with a common form of leukemia but also induced the cancer cells to reveal one of their schemes for resisting the drug, investigators report in a new pair of studies.

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Scientists discover key information about the function of mitochondria in cancer cells

A new study represents a first step towards generating highly detailed 3-dimensional maps of lung tumors using genetically engineered mouse models.

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Scientists discover key information about the function of mitochondria in cancer cells

A new study represents a first step towards generating highly detailed 3-dimensional maps of lung tumors using genetically engineered mouse models.

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Mild fever helps clear infections faster, new study suggests

It may be better to let a mild fever run its course instead of automatically reaching for medication, new University of Alberta research suggests. Researchers found that untreated moderate fever helped fish clear their bodies of infection rapidly, controlled inflammation and repaired damaged tissue. Moderate fever is self-resolving, meaning that the body can both induce it and shut it down naturally without medication. The health advantages of natural fever to humans still have to be confirmed through research, but the researchers say because the mechanisms driving and sustaining fever are shared among animals, it is reasonable to expect similar benefits are going to happen in humans.

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The 'Rapunzel' virus: an evolutionary oddity

Extremely long tail provides structural window into how bacteria-infecting viruses called phages assemble.

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Mediterranean diet associated with decreased risk of dementia

Eating a traditional Mediterranean-type diet -- rich in foods such as seafood, fruit, and nuts -- may help reduce the risk of dementia by almost a quarter, a new study has revealed.

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Mediterranean diet associated with decreased risk of dementia

Eating a traditional Mediterranean-type diet -- rich in foods such as seafood, fruit, and nuts -- may help reduce the risk of dementia by almost a quarter, a new study has revealed.

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Researchers develop enhanced genetic animal model of Down syndrome

Researchers compared a new genetic animal model of Down syndrome to the standard model and found the updated version to be enhanced. The new mouse model shows milder cognitive traits compared to a previously studied Down syndrome mouse model.

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Researchers develop enhanced genetic animal model of Down syndrome

Researchers compared a new genetic animal model of Down syndrome to the standard model and found the updated version to be enhanced. The new mouse model shows milder cognitive traits compared to a previously studied Down syndrome mouse model.

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New drug to lower brain pressure could treat blinding IIH headaches, trial finds

Patients with 'blinding' headaches known as Idiopathic Intercranial Hypertension (IIH) could be treated with a GLP-1RA peptide used for type 2 diabetes, a new phase 2 trial has found.

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Triggering bitter taste receptors could someday treat asthma, COPD

Surprisingly, bitter taste receptors are not only located in the mouth, but also elsewhere in the body, including the airways. Activating those receptors opens up lung passageways, so they're a potential target for treating asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Now, researchers report that they have designed a potent and selective compound that could lead the way to such therapies.

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New drug to lower brain pressure could treat blinding IIH headaches, trial finds

Patients with 'blinding' headaches known as Idiopathic Intercranial Hypertension (IIH) could be treated with a GLP-1RA peptide used for type 2 diabetes, a new phase 2 trial has found.

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Organosulfur content of vegetables quantified

Scientists successfully quantified the total reactive polysulfide content of 22 different types of vegetables, including onions and garlic. They also revealed that reactive polysulfides are not only found in the leek genus (Allium), such as onions and garlic but also in the cruciferous family of vegetables (Brassicaceae), such as broccoli and cabbage.

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Experiment unlocks bizarre properties of strange metals

Physicists are learning more about the bizarre behavior of 'strange metals,' which operate outside the normal rules of electricity.

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Organosulfur content of vegetables quantified

Scientists successfully quantified the total reactive polysulfide content of 22 different types of vegetables, including onions and garlic. They also revealed that reactive polysulfides are not only found in the leek genus (Allium), such as onions and garlic but also in the cruciferous family of vegetables (Brassicaceae), such as broccoli and cabbage.

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New ultrasound method could lead to easier disease diagnosis

A new ultrasound method that can measure the level of tension in human tissue -- a key indicator of disease -- has been developed.

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Researchers uncover metabolic secrets of anaerobes and identify new strategies to treat c. difficile infections

A team of investigators has identified metabolic strategies used by Clostridioides difficile to rapidly colonize the gut. The findings identify methods to better prevent and treat the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The team's approach has implications for understanding broader aspects of microbial metabolism, including responses to antibiotics, and production of important metabolites.

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Large-scale study enables new insights into rare eye disorders

Researchers use UK Biobank data to uncover new information about rare diseases of the eye.

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Large-scale study enables new insights into rare eye disorders

Researchers use UK Biobank data to uncover new information about rare diseases of the eye.

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Transporting antibodies across the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer's disease

Sometimes the best things in life come by chance, when we happen to be in the right place at the right time. Now, researchers have found a way to ensure that new medications are delivered to the right place in the body and at the right point in time during disease progression, so that they have the best effect.

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How climate change threatens Asia's water tower

Tibet is known as the 'Water Tower of Asia,' providing water to about 2 billion people and supporting critical ecosystems in High Mountain Asia and the Tibetan Plateau, where many of the largest Asian river systems originate. This region is also one of the areas most vulnerable to the compounding effects of climate change and human activities. Researchers are identifying policy changes that need to happen now to prepare for the future impacts projected by climate models.

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Ringing an electronic wave: Elusive massive phason observed in a charge density wave

Researchers have detected the existence of a charge density wave of electrons that acquires mass as it interacts with the background lattice ions of the material over long distances.

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New biosensor reveals activity of elusive metal that's essential for life

A new biosensor offers scientists the first dynamic glimpses of manganese, an elusive metal ion that is essential for life.

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New stem cell model developed for research into a life-threatening malformation of the newborn lung

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is one of the deadliest birth defects. To better understand and treat this condition in the future, researchers designed a new cell model in the laboratory and tested a drug therapy on it.

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Unwinding the world's smallest biological rotary motor by degrees

F-Type ATP synthase, a catalytic complex of proteins, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of living cells. A lot of ambiguity exists over the rotational mechanism of this spinning enzyme. Now, researchers from Japan have demonstrated how each chemical event of ATP metabolism is linked to the 'stepwise' rotational movement of the F1 component of ATPase. Especially, they clarified the angle of shaft rotation before ATP-cleavage, a long-standing enigma, to be 200°.

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Unwinding the world's smallest biological rotary motor by degrees

F-Type ATP synthase, a catalytic complex of proteins, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of living cells. A lot of ambiguity exists over the rotational mechanism of this spinning enzyme. Now, researchers from Japan have demonstrated how each chemical event of ATP metabolism is linked to the 'stepwise' rotational movement of the F1 component of ATPase. Especially, they clarified the angle of shaft rotation before ATP-cleavage, a long-standing enigma, to be 200°.

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'All work, no independent play' cause of children's declining mental health

A new study suggests the rise in mental health disorders in children and teens is attributed to a decline over decades in opportunities for them to play, roam and engage in activities independent of direct oversight and control by adults. Although well intended, adults' drive to guide and protect children has deprived them of the independence they need for mental health, contributing to record levels of anxiety, depression, and suicide among young people.

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Ultra-soft and highly stretchable hydrogel-based sensor for monitoring overactive bladder

Researchers have developed an ultra-soft and highly stretchable tissue-adhesive hydrogel-based multifunctional implantable sensor for monitoring of overactive bladder.

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SCENTinel 1.1, second iteration of Monell's rapid smell test, discriminates between smell loss and smell distortions

A research team showed that the smell test SCENTinel 1.1 can successfully discriminate between different types of smell disorders. SCENTinel 1.1 can rapidly identify parosmia, the distorted perception of odors.

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Long-term exposure to nitrate in drinking water may be a risk factor for prostate cancer

The nitrate ingested over the course of a person's adult lifetime through the consumption of tap water and bottled water could be a risk factor for prostate cancer, particularly in the case of aggressive tumors and in younger men.

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Long-term exposure to nitrate in drinking water may be a risk factor for prostate cancer

The nitrate ingested over the course of a person's adult lifetime through the consumption of tap water and bottled water could be a risk factor for prostate cancer, particularly in the case of aggressive tumors and in younger men.

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First nasal monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 shows promise for treating virus, other diseases

A pilot trial tested the nasal administration of the drug Foralumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Investigators found evidence that the drug dampened the inflammatory T cell response and decreased lung inflammation in patients with COVID-19. Further analysis showed the same gene expression modulation in patients with multiple sclerosis, who experienced decreased brain inflammation, suggesting that Foralumab could be used to treat other diseases.

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First nasal monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 shows promise for treating virus, other diseases

A pilot trial tested the nasal administration of the drug Foralumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Investigators found evidence that the drug dampened the inflammatory T cell response and decreased lung inflammation in patients with COVID-19. Further analysis showed the same gene expression modulation in patients with multiple sclerosis, who experienced decreased brain inflammation, suggesting that Foralumab could be used to treat other diseases.

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Study reveals new understanding of how androgen therapy affects breast tissue

New insights into the effects of a hormonal treatment on transgender men could have implications for the treatment of breast cancer.

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Complex oxides could power the computers of the future

Materials scientists describe in two papers how complex oxides can be used to create very energy-efficient magneto-electric spin-orbit (MESO) devices and memristive devices with reduced dimensions.

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AI accurately identifies normal and abnormal chest x-rays

An artificial intelligence (AI) tool can accurately identify normal and abnormal chest X-rays in a clinical setting, according to a new study.

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Electric vehicle batteries could get big boost with new polymer coating

Scientists have developed a polymer coating that could enable longer lasting, more powerful lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The advance opens up a new approach to developing EV batteries that are more affordable and easy to manufacture.

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How heavy alcohol consumption increases brain inflammation

Recent findings point toward a potential new drug target for treating alcohol use disorder.

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How heavy alcohol consumption increases brain inflammation

Recent findings point toward a potential new drug target for treating alcohol use disorder.

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Detecting anemia earlier in children using a smartphone

Researchers have successfully predicted whether children have anemia using only a set of smartphone images.

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The self-taught vocabulary of homesigning deaf children supports universal constraints on language

The thousands of languages spoken throughout the world draw on many of the same fundamental linguistic abilities and reflect universal aspects of how humans categorize events. Some aspects of language may also be universal to people who create their own sign languages, according to new research.

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Detecting anemia earlier in children using a smartphone

Researchers have successfully predicted whether children have anemia using only a set of smartphone images.

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A good night's sleep may make it easier to stick to exercise and diet goals

People who had higher scores for sleep health -- based on regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency and duration -- during a 12-month weight loss program were more likely to follow the caloric intake and exercise components of the program in comparison to peers who scored lower for sleep health.

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Ocean surface tipping point could accelerate climate change

A study has found that intense global warming could shut down the ocean's ability to soak up carbon dioxide, leading to accelerated global warming as the greenhouse gas accumulates in the atmosphere. The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity water that emerges during extreme warming that hinders the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2. The study is based on a climate simulation configured to a worst-case emissions scenario that the researchers say must be avoided at all costs.

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For older adults, every 500 additional steps taken daily associated with lower heart risk

A study of people ages 70 and older found walking an additional 500 steps per day, or an additional quarter mile of walking, was associated with a 14% lower risk of heart disease, stroke or heart failure.

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Animals best to suppress personalities for group efficiency

Social animals should limit individuality to conform with the behavior of the group, a study suggests.

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Robot provides unprecedented views below Antarctic ice shelf

With the help of an underwater robot, known as Icefin, a U.S.- New Zealand research team has obtained an unprecedented look inside a crevasse at Kamb Ice Stream -- revealing more than a century of geological processes beneath the Antarctic ice.

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Livestock farming: Additive to make slurry more climate-friendly

Livestock farming produces large quantities of greenhouse gases, especially methane, which is particularly harmful to the climate. Among other things, it escapes during the storage of animal excrement, the slurry. A study now shows that methane emissions can be reduced by 99 percent through simple and inexpensive means. The method could make an important contribution to the fight against climate change.

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Genomic study of indigenous Africans paints complex picture of human origins and local adaptation

An international team of researchers analyzed the genomes of 180 indigenous Africans from a dozen ethnically, culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse populations. The results shed light on the origin of modern humans, historical migrations, linguistic evolution, and local adaptation, and lay the groundwork for more people to benefit from precision medicine.

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New mutation in the desmoplakin gene leads to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Researchers have identified a new mutation that leads to the cardiac disease arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). They assessed the effect of this mutation on heart muscle cells and obtained new insights into the underlying mechanism that causes the disease. The results of this study could contribute to the development of new treatments for ACM.

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Genomic study of indigenous Africans paints complex picture of human origins and local adaptation

An international team of researchers analyzed the genomes of 180 indigenous Africans from a dozen ethnically, culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse populations. The results shed light on the origin of modern humans, historical migrations, linguistic evolution, and local adaptation, and lay the groundwork for more people to benefit from precision medicine.

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New mutation in the desmoplakin gene leads to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Researchers have identified a new mutation that leads to the cardiac disease arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). They assessed the effect of this mutation on heart muscle cells and obtained new insights into the underlying mechanism that causes the disease. The results of this study could contribute to the development of new treatments for ACM.

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DNA repair discovery could improve biotechnology

A team of researchers has made a discovery that may have implications for therapeutic gene editing strategies, cancer diagnostics and therapies and other advancements in biotechnology.

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Wisconsin cave holds tantalizing clues to ancient climate changes, future shifts

A newly published study of a stalagmite found in Cave of the Mounds reveals previously undetected history of the local climate going back thousands of years. Researchers describe evidence for an ice age punctuated by massive and abrupt warming events across much of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria produce a molecule that paralyzes immune system cells

Researchers have discovered a strong immunological effect of the molecule LecB -- and a way to prevent it.

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America on the move: How urban travel has changed over a decade

The most notable trend of new study on urban travel behaviors reveals that although private automobiles continue to be the dominant travel mode in American cities, the share of car trips has slightly and steadily decreased since its peak in 2001. In contrast, the share of transit, non-motorized, and taxicab (including ride-hailing) trips has steadily increased.

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Lending a paw for defense veterans: 'Clear evidence' that assistance dogs help improve mental health

A new study focused on defense veterans' mental health has found strong evidence that assistance dogs used in conjunction with traditional therapies provide the most effective treatment outcomes.

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AI draws most accurate map of star birthplaces in the Galaxy

Scientists identified about 140,000 molecular clouds in the Milky Way Galaxy from large-scale data of carbon monoxide molecules, observed in detail by the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. Using artificial intelligence, the researchers estimated the distance of each of these molecular clouds to determine their size and mass, successfully mapping the distribution of the molecular clouds in the Galaxy in the most detailed manner to date.

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