Migraine associated with increased risk for pregnancy complications

Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, especially during their reproductive years. However, the relationship between migraine and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been well understood. A new study analyzed data from thousands of women from the Nurses' Health Study II to assess the relationship between migraine and pregnancy complications.

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Migraine associated with increased risk for pregnancy complications

Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, especially during their reproductive years. However, the relationship between migraine and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been well understood. A new study analyzed data from thousands of women from the Nurses' Health Study II to assess the relationship between migraine and pregnancy complications.

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Can a computer teach babies to count?

A recent study of 81 babies between 14 and 19 months old found the same outcome: When these babies watched a video where they were shown pictures of toy cars and toy pigs and listened to someone count out loud prior to the toys being hidden in a box -- similar to an earlier study done in person -- the babies looked longer when the box was lifted and some of the objects disappeared. When there was no out loud counting and just pointing in the video, the babies became distracted and looked away, similar to the same earlier study done in person.

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Transforming the way cancer vaccines are designed and made

A new way to significantly increase the potency of almost any vaccine has been developed. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance in seven different types of cancer. The architecture is critical to vaccine effectiveness, the study shows.

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Catching the wrongdoers in the act: Chemists develop a novel tool to decipher bacterial infections in real time

A research team has developed a novel chemical tool to reveal how bacteria adapt to the host environment and control host cells. This tool can be used to investigate bacterial interactions with the host in real-time during an infection, which cannot be easily achieved by other methods.

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Catching the wrongdoers in the act: Chemists develop a novel tool to decipher bacterial infections in real time

A research team has developed a novel chemical tool to reveal how bacteria adapt to the host environment and control host cells. This tool can be used to investigate bacterial interactions with the host in real-time during an infection, which cannot be easily achieved by other methods.

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Tweezers untangle chemotherapeutic's impact on DNA

New research is providing a fresh view into the ways a common chemotherapy agent, etoposide, stalls and poisons the essential enzymes that allow cancer cells to flourish.

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A neuro-chip to manage brain disorders

Researchers have combined low-power chip design, machine learning algorithms, and soft implantable electrodes to produce a neural interface that can identify and suppress symptoms of various neurological disorders.

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Another promising step toward non-hormonal male contraceptives

Despite birth control existing for decades, almost none of the options specifically target sperm cells. Researchers are now developing approaches that target testosterone or otherwise interrupt the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, yet these may not work for everyone. But now, researchers have identified a new candidate molecule that could become an effective non-hormonal contraceptive for many people who produce sperm.

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Another promising step toward non-hormonal male contraceptives

Despite birth control existing for decades, almost none of the options specifically target sperm cells. Researchers are now developing approaches that target testosterone or otherwise interrupt the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, yet these may not work for everyone. But now, researchers have identified a new candidate molecule that could become an effective non-hormonal contraceptive for many people who produce sperm.

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Small, convenient mosquito repellent device passes test to protect military personnel

A device provides protection from mosquitoes for an extended period and requires no heat, electricity or skin contact.

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World-first guidelines created to help prevent heart complications in children during cancer treatment

The world's first international clinical guidelines to help prevent and treat heart complications in children undergoing cancer treatment have been created.

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Kill dates for re-exposed black mosses

Scientists have used radiocarbon ages (kill dates) of previously ice-entombed dead black mosses to reveal that glaciers advanced during three distinct phases in the northern Antarctic Peninsula over the past 1,500 years.

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Chatterboxes: Researcher develops new model that shows how bacteria communicate

Researchers lay out a mathematical model that explains how bacteria communicate within a larger ecosystem. By understanding how this process works, researchers can predict what actions might elicit certain environmental responses from a bacterial community.

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Why episodes of low blood sugar worsen eye disease in people with diabetes

People with diabetes who experience periods of low blood sugar -- a common occurrence in those new to blood sugar management -- are more likely to have worsening diabetic eye disease. Now, researchers say they have linked such low blood sugar levels with a molecular pathway that is turned on in oxygen-starved cells in the eye.

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Pioneering approach advances study of CTCF protein in transcription biology

Scientists used the auxin-inducible degron 2 system on CTCF, bringing the novel approach to bear on a fundamental protein.

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Transistors repurposed as microchip 'clock' address supply chain weakness

A new technique uses standard chip fab methods to fabricate the building block of a timing device, critical to all microprocessors. Currently, this timing device, known as an acoustic resonator, must be produced separately, often overseas, creating a supply chain and security weakness. The technique would allow for this timing device to be integrated with the microprocessor using standard CMOS processing, rather than later bunded with the microprocessor.

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New AI tool makes speedy gene-editing possible

An artificial intelligence program may enable the first simple production of customizable proteins called zinc fingers to treat diseases by turning genes on and off. The researchers who designed the tool say it promises to accelerate the development of gene therapies on a large scale.

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Scientists observe 'quasiparticles' in classical systems

Quasiparticles -- long-lived particle-like excitations -- are a cornerstone of quantum physics, with famous examples such as Cooper pairs in superconductivity and, recently, Dirac quasiparticles in graphene. Now, researchers have discovered quasiparticles in a classical system at room temperature: a two-dimensional crystal of particles driven by viscous flow in a microfluidic channel. Coupled by hydrodynamic forces, the particles form stable pairs -- a first example of classical quasiparticles, revealing deep links between quantum and classical dissipative systems.

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NASA's Fermi detects first gamma-ray eclipses from 'spider' star systems

Scientists have discovered the first gamma-ray eclipses from a special type of binary star system using data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. These so-called spider systems each contain a pulsar -- the superdense, rapidly rotating remains of a star that exploded in a supernova -- that slowly erodes its companion.

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Webb spies Chariklo ring system with high-precision technique

In an observational feat of high precision, scientists used a new technique with NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to capture the shadows of starlight cast by the thin rings of Chariklo. Chariklo is an icy, small body, but the largest of the known Centaur population, located more than 2 billion miles away beyond the orbit of Saturn.

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Artificial human skin paves the way to new skin cancer therapy

In a new study, researchers have managed to curb skin cancer. The study was conducted on artificial human skin.

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Versatile robo-dog runs through the sandy beach at 3 mile/sec

Meet the new addition to the robo-dog family, 'RaiBo', that can run along the sandy beach without losing balance and walk through grassy fields and back on the hard-floored tracking fields all on its own -- no further tinkering necessary.

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Risk of developing heart failure much higher in rural areas vs. urban

Adults living in rural areas of the United States have a 19% higher risk of developing heart failure compared to their urban counterparts, and Black men living in rural areas have an especially higher risk -- 34%, according to a large observational study.

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Risk of developing heart failure much higher in rural areas vs. urban

Adults living in rural areas of the United States have a 19% higher risk of developing heart failure compared to their urban counterparts, and Black men living in rural areas have an especially higher risk -- 34%, according to a large observational study.

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Satellite data shows sustained severe drought in Europe

Europe lacks groundwater -- a lot of groundwater. The continent has already been suffering from a severe drought since 2018. This is confirmed by satellite data.

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Nanofiber-hydrogel loaded with stem cells shows success treating severe complication of Crohn's disease

In a new study using a rat model of Crohn's disease, a biodegradable hydrogel composite loaded with stem cells has shown significant success in treating perianal fistulas (PAF) -- one of the many complications of Crohn's disease.

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Helpful disturbance: How non-linear dynamics can augment edge sensor time series

Engineers have demonstrated a simple computational approach for supporting the classification performance of neural networks operating on sensor time series. The proposed technique involves feeding the recorded signal as an external forcing into an elementary non-linear dynamical system, and providing its temporal responses to this disturbance to the neural network alongside the original data.

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How regulatory T cells halt aberrant, self-reactive T cells

New research findings show in detail how self-reactive T cells -- white blood cells dubbed Teffs that mistakenly attack healthy instead of infected cells, thereby causing an autoimmune or an inflammatory response -- are held in check by regulatory T cells, or Tregs. Tregs quickly deploy molecular measures to control rapid proliferation of Teffs, to make sure inflammation is kept in check during an immune response. Tregs biochemically interfere with the protein manufacturing machinery in Teff cells. This hinders their abundant production of proteins, which occurs just before cell division, the researchers found. This rapid Treg intervention reduces the size and number of Teff cells to appropriately manage the magnitude of the immune response.

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Actin affects the spread of cancer in several ways

The transport of molecules along the cell's skeleton plays a role in cancer metastasis, researchers show.

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How regulatory T cells halt aberrant, self-reactive T cells

New research findings show in detail how self-reactive T cells -- white blood cells dubbed Teffs that mistakenly attack healthy instead of infected cells, thereby causing an autoimmune or an inflammatory response -- are held in check by regulatory T cells, or Tregs. Tregs quickly deploy molecular measures to control rapid proliferation of Teffs, to make sure inflammation is kept in check during an immune response. Tregs biochemically interfere with the protein manufacturing machinery in Teff cells. This hinders their abundant production of proteins, which occurs just before cell division, the researchers found. This rapid Treg intervention reduces the size and number of Teff cells to appropriately manage the magnitude of the immune response.

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Residential green space is associated with higher birth weight

A new study assessed the associations between maternal exposure to green and blue spaces during pregnancy and birth outcomes in 11 birth cohorts from nine European countries, including Spain. The results of the study indicate that proximity to residential green space is associated with higher birth weight and lower odds of having a small-for-gestational-age baby.

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Neuronal molecule makes prostate cancer more aggressive

Researchers discover a potential therapeutic avenue via neuronal endocrine receptors that could be helpful in battling an aggressive form of prostate cancer.

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New soft robots poised to be more agile, controlled

One of the virtues of untethered soft robots is their ability to mechanically adapt to their surroundings and tasks. Now they are poised to become even more agile and controlled.

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Potential hidden cause of dementia detected

A new study suggests that some patients diagnosed with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) -- an incurable condition that robs patients of the ability to control their behavior and cope with daily living -- may instead have a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is often treatable.

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'Friend or foe' bacteria kill their algal hosts when coexisting is no longer beneficial

Scientists have detailed a lifestyle switch that occurs in marine bacteria, where they change from coexisting with algae hosts in a mutually beneficial interaction to suddenly killing them.

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Potential hidden cause of dementia detected

A new study suggests that some patients diagnosed with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) -- an incurable condition that robs patients of the ability to control their behavior and cope with daily living -- may instead have a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is often treatable.

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Young chimpanzees and human teens share risk-taking behaviors

Adolescent chimpanzees share some of the same risk-taking behaviors as human teens, but they may be less impulsive than their human counterparts, according to new research. The study gets at age-old nature/nurture questions about why adolescents take more risks: because of environment or because of biological predispositions?

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Hybrid immunity is the best protection against COVID-19, researchers find

Results from global data show vaccination and a prior COVID-19 infection offer the best defense against severe illness and reinfection.

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Hybrid immunity is the best protection against COVID-19, researchers find

Results from global data show vaccination and a prior COVID-19 infection offer the best defense against severe illness and reinfection.

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Farewell to 'forever' -- Destroying PFAS by grinding it up with a new additive

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially harmful substances known as 'forever chemicals' because they are so difficult to destroy. One emerging technique to degrade PFAS involves forcefully grinding them with metal balls in a moving container, but this technique can require corrosive additives. Now, researchers report a new type of additive for 'ball milling' that completely breaks down PFAS at ambient temperature and pressure.

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Scientists explain emotional 'blunting' caused by common antidepressants

Scientists have worked out why common anti-depressants cause around a half of users to feel emotionally 'blunted'. They show that the drugs affect reinforcement learning, an important behavioral process that allows us to learn from our environment.

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Scientists explain emotional 'blunting' caused by common antidepressants

Scientists have worked out why common anti-depressants cause around a half of users to feel emotionally 'blunted'. They show that the drugs affect reinforcement learning, an important behavioral process that allows us to learn from our environment.

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New genetic disorder that causes susceptibility to opportunistic infections

Immunogeneticists have discovered a new genetic disorder that causes immunodeficiency and profound susceptibility to opportunistic infections including a life-threatening fungal pneumonia.

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New genetic disorder that causes susceptibility to opportunistic infections

Immunogeneticists have discovered a new genetic disorder that causes immunodeficiency and profound susceptibility to opportunistic infections including a life-threatening fungal pneumonia.

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Physical effect also valid in the quantum world

Physicists have experimentally proven that an important theorem of statistical physics applies to so-called 'Bose-Einstein condensates.' Their results now make it possible to measure certain properties of the quantum 'superparticles' and deduce system characteristics that would otherwise be difficult to observe.

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Rest isn't best: Getting kids back to school sooner after a concussion can mean a faster recovery

A new study finds that rest, contrary to popular belief, may not always be the best cure after a concussion.

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Chemists synthesize ocean-based molecule that could fight Parkinson's

Recreating natural molecules in the laboratory as part of the search for potential new drugs for disease can be difficult, costly and slow. The problem? Many chemical processes tend to produce not only a version of the molecule found in nature but also a mirror-image version of the molecule that is potentially useless -- or even dangerous. In synthesizing a new, potentially therapeutic molecule found in a sea sponge, chemists used a reactive compound that helps them create only the desired version of the molecule, making synthesis more efficient and less costly.

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How Huntington's disease affects different neurons

Neuroscientists find two distinct cell populations in the striatum are affected differently by Huntington's disease. They believe neurodegeneration of one of these populations leads to motor impairments, while damage to the other population, located in a structure called the striosome, may account for the mood disorders that are often see in the early stages of the disease.

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Chemists synthesize ocean-based molecule that could fight Parkinson's

Recreating natural molecules in the laboratory as part of the search for potential new drugs for disease can be difficult, costly and slow. The problem? Many chemical processes tend to produce not only a version of the molecule found in nature but also a mirror-image version of the molecule that is potentially useless -- or even dangerous. In synthesizing a new, potentially therapeutic molecule found in a sea sponge, chemists used a reactive compound that helps them create only the desired version of the molecule, making synthesis more efficient and less costly.

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Study reveals key aspect of the finely tuned regulation of gene expression

A team of researchers unveils a novel, key aspect of enhancer-mediated regulation of gene expression and proposes a mechanism that explains the tight connection between gene enhancers and promoters.

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'Living medicine' created to tackle drug-resistant lung infections

Researchers demonstrate that a bacteria can be modified to act as 'living medicine' in the lung. The treatment significantly reduced acute lung infections in mice and doubled their survival rate. It showed no signs of toxicity in the lungs and once the treatment had finished its course, it was cleared by the immune system in a period of four days. The treatment also cleared biofilms that accumulate on the surface of endotracheal tubes used by patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. The study paves the way for researchers to repurpose the bacteria to treat other types of lung diseases such as cancer, asthma or pulmonary fibrosis.

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Gene expression study reveals new molecular associations with obesity

Researchers highlight new insights in gene expressions associated with body mass index.

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Gene expression study reveals new molecular associations with obesity

Researchers highlight new insights in gene expressions associated with body mass index.

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New study shows 'self-cleaning' of marine atmosphere

Scientists have shed new light on the 'self-cleaning' capacity of the atmosphere.

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Cyborg cells could be tools for health and environment

Biomedical engineers have created semi-living 'cyborg cells.' Retaining the capabilities of living cells, but unable to replicate, the cyborg cells could have a wide range of applications, from producing therapeutic drugs to cleaning up pollution.

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Improved treatment technique for Fuchs' dystrophy shows promise

Researchers compared two methods of corneal transplant tissue preparation for a procedure that saves sight in patients with Fuchs' dystrophy.

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Tumultuous migration on the edge of the Hot Neptune Desert

A team reveals the eventful migration history of planets bordering the Hot Neptune Desert, these extrasolar planets that orbit very close to their star.

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Sharing the burden of carbon dioxide removal

Carbon dioxide removal is key to meeting the climate goals outlined in the Paris Agreement. A new study analyzes what fair and equitable burden-sharing means for nature-based carbon dioxide removal in developing countries.

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Simple laser treatments may help prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer

In a study of patients with a history of facial keratinocyte carcinoma, 20.9% of those treated with nonablative fractional lasers experienced a subsequent keratinocyte carcinoma, compared with 40.4% of patients who did not receive laser treatment.

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The rich meteorology of Mars studied in detail from the Perseverance rover

Perseverance has now completed its investigation of the atmosphere throughout the first Martian year (which lasts approximately two Earth years). Specifically, astronomers have studied seasonal and daily cycles of temperature and pressure, as well as their significant variations on other time scales resulting from very different processes.

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Inner ear has a need for speed

Scientists and engineers have modeled a hidden mechanism in the inner ear that helps mammals balance via the fastest-known signal in the brain.

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Early tastings shorten breastfeeding

The earlier infants begin to taste small samples of solid food, the earlier they eat more food and stop breastfeeding. This is shown in a new study, in which the mothers of 1,251 infants from all over Sweden participated. Almost half of the infants received tastings at the age of four months.

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Stress-tolerant cells drive tumor initiation in pancreatic cancer

Scientists discover a molecular pathway critical to the initiation of pancreatic tumors. The findings may inspire new chemotherapeutic drugs targeting early stages of tumor formation and spread.

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How the body's B cell academy ensures a diverse immune response

A diverse immune response hinges on naive B cells mingling with high affinity ones in the late-stage germinal center. Whether that helps or hinders, however, depends on the virus.

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Probiotic markedly reduces S. Aureus colonization in phase 2 trial

A promising approach to control Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colonization in people -- using a probiotic instead of antibiotics -- was safe and highly effective in a Phase 2 clinical trial. The new study found that the probiotic Bacillus subtilis markedly reduced S. aureus colonization in trial participants without harming the gut microbiota, which includes bacteria that can benefit people.

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How the body's B cell academy ensures a diverse immune response

A diverse immune response hinges on naive B cells mingling with high affinity ones in the late-stage germinal center. Whether that helps or hinders, however, depends on the virus.

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Even preschoolers can spot a cop-out

We've all been there. You made a promise you couldn't keep. Or something came up, and you didn't follow through on what you said you'd do. It turns out children pay attention to what we say when we don't deliver. A new study shows that by the time they reach preschool, kids understand that some reasons for reneging are more defensible than others.

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Even preschoolers can spot a cop-out

We've all been there. You made a promise you couldn't keep. Or something came up, and you didn't follow through on what you said you'd do. It turns out children pay attention to what we say when we don't deliver. A new study shows that by the time they reach preschool, kids understand that some reasons for reneging are more defensible than others.

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The link between mental health and ADHD is strong -- so why aren't we paying attention?

On Blue Monday -- supposedly the gloomiest day of the year -- a study shows adults with high levels of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are more likely to experience anxiety and depression than adults with high levels of autistic traits.

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Highly accurate test for common respiratory viruses uses DNA as 'bait'

A new test 'fishes' for multiple respiratory viruses at once using single strands of DNA as 'bait', and gives highly accurate results in under an hour.

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Highly accurate test for common respiratory viruses uses DNA as 'bait'

A new test 'fishes' for multiple respiratory viruses at once using single strands of DNA as 'bait', and gives highly accurate results in under an hour.

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HRT could ward off Alzheimer's among at-risk women

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) could help prevent Alzheimer's Dementia among women at risk of developing the disease -- according to new research.

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HRT could ward off Alzheimer's among at-risk women

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) could help prevent Alzheimer's Dementia among women at risk of developing the disease -- according to new research.

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One-pot reaction creates versatile building block for bioactive molecules

Chemists have found a simple way to produce previously inaccessible chiral Z-alkenes, molecules that offer a significant synthetic short-cut for the production of bioactive molecules. Instead of eight to ten synthetic steps to produce these molecules, the new reaction can be done in three steps.

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NASA says 2022 fifth warmest year on record, warming trend continues

Earth's average surface temperature in 2022 tied with 2015 as the fifth warmest on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2022 were 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.89 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period (1951-1980), scientists report.

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Using machine learning to help monitor climate-induced hazards

Combining satellite technology with machine learning may allow scientists to better track and prepare for climate-induced natural hazards, according to new research.

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Scientists identify gene target to boost effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy

Researchers have recently identified an immune evasion gene that is turned on in some of these cells, and they found that silencing the gene enhanced the cells' susceptibility to immunotherapy.

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Novel design helps develop powerful microbatteries

Translating electrochemical performance of large format batteries to microscale power sources has been a long-standing technological challenge, limiting the ability of batteries to power microdevices, microrobots and implantable medical devices. Researchers have created a high-voltage microbattery (> 9 V), with high-energy and -power density, unparalleled by any existing battery design.

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New research shows dynamics of memory-encoding synapses in the brains of live mice

A team that has used two-photon imaging technology to show the creation and elimination of synapses between neurons in the brains of live mice.

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Rx for prolonged sitting: A five-minute stroll every half hour

Just five minutes of walking every half hour offsets harmful effects of prolonged sitting, finds a new study.

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New research shows dynamics of memory-encoding synapses in the brains of live mice

A team that has used two-photon imaging technology to show the creation and elimination of synapses between neurons in the brains of live mice.

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Turning abandoned mines into batteries

A novel technique called Underground Gravity Energy Storage turns decommissioned mines into long-term energy storage solutions, thereby supporting the sustainable energy transition.

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Noise from urban environments affects the color of songbirds' beaks

A study examined the effects of anthropogenic noise on cognition, beak color, and growth in the zebra finch. Researchers first tested adult zebra finches on a battery of cognition assays while they were exposed to playbacks of urban noise versus birds tested without noise. Urban noises caused the birds to take longer to learn a novel foraging task and to learn an association-learning task. Urban noise exposure also resulted in treated males to develop less bright beak coloration, and females developed beaks with brighter orange coloration, respectively, than untreated birds. Findings suggest that urban noise exposure may affect morphological traits, such as beak color, which influence social interactions and mate choice.

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How sex differences influence lung injury in mice

More than 2,500 genes exhibit significant sex differences in expression in mouse alveolar type II cells (AT2s), important for keeping the lungs functioning, potentially explaining sex biases in the prevalence and severity of lung diseases. In particular, very high numbers of X-linked genes escape transcriptional silencing in lung alveolar type 2 (AT2s) cells, researchers report.

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Mature 'lab grown' neurons hold promise for neurodegenerative disease

Researchers have created the first highly mature neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a feat that opens new opportunities for medical research and potential transplantation therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries.

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MRI-guided radiotherapy produces fewer side effects and better quality of life for patients with localized prostate cancer

For men who undergo radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the precise targeting capabilities of MRI guidance resulted in fewer toxicities and better quality of life according to new research.

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Scientists develop novel mRNA delivery method using extracellular vesicles

A team of researchers has developed a novel delivery system for messenger RNA (mRNA) using extracellular vesicles (EVs). The new technique has the potential to overcome many of the delivery hurdles faced by other promising mRNA therapies. The researchers use EV-encapsulated mRNA to initiate and sustain collagen production for several months in the cells of photoaged skin in laboratory models. It is the first therapy to demonstrate this ability and represents a proof-of-concept for deploying the EV mRNA therapy.

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Predisposition to accidental awareness under anesthesia identified by neuroscientists

Brain structures which could predict an individual's predisposition to accidental awareness under anaesthetic have been identified by neuroscientists.

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Study reveals obesity-related trigger that can lead to diabetes

Researchers have found that a defect in an enzyme called APT1 interferes with the ability to secrete insulin, contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes in people who are overweight or obese.

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Controlled, localized delivery of blood thinner may improve blood clot treatment

Researchers combined heparin with a protein fragment, peptide, to slow down the release of the drug and convey the medication directly to the site of a clot.

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Researchers take key step toward new treatment for hereditary blindness

Scientists have demonstrated in animal models the possibility of using lipid nanoparticles and messenger RNA, the technology underpinning COVID-19 vaccines, to treat blindness associated with a rare genetic condition.

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Researchers take key step toward new treatment for hereditary blindness

Scientists have demonstrated in animal models the possibility of using lipid nanoparticles and messenger RNA, the technology underpinning COVID-19 vaccines, to treat blindness associated with a rare genetic condition.

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Controlled, localized delivery of blood thinner may improve blood clot treatment

A team of researchers combined heparin with a protein fragment, peptide, to slow down the release of the drug and convey the medication directly to the site of a clot.

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Humidity may be the key to super-lubricity 'switch'

A material state known as super-lubricity, where friction between two contacting surfaces nearly vanishes, is a phenomenon that materials researchers have studied for years due to the potential for reducing the energy cost and wear and tear on devices, two major drawbacks of friction. However, there are times when friction is needed within the same device, and the ability to turn super-lubricity on and off would be a boon for multiple practical engineering applications.

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Shift to ultraviolet-driven chemistry in planet-forming disks marks beginning of late-stage planet formation

The chemistry of planet formation has fascinated researchers for decades because the chemical reservoir in protoplanetary discs -- the dust and gas from which planets form -- directly impacts planet composition and potential for life.

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Is 'fear' driving bias in environmental scholarship?

Scientists understand that fear of predation affects animal behavior within landscapes. Now researchers are using a similar hypothesis -- which they are calling 'social-ecological landscapes of fear' -- to outline the detrimental effects of conservationists' failure to address negative human histories in their research.

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Fruit flies help researchers decode genetic link to Alzheimer's disease

Researchers have used fruit flies to decipher an unexplained connection between Alzheimer's disease and a genetic variation, revealing that it causes neurons to die.

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Fruit flies help researchers decode genetic link to Alzheimer's disease

Researchers have used fruit flies to decipher an unexplained connection between Alzheimer's disease and a genetic variation, revealing that it causes neurons to die.

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New biomarker for early prediction of response to CAR-T cell therapy

A research team has discovered a highly potent biomarker for clinical response to CAR-T cell therapy, describing the prerequisites for optimal use of this novel therapy for lymphoma treatment. The current findings are an essential step forward towards optimizing this promising therapy.

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New biomarker for early prediction of response to CAR-T cell therapy

A research team has discovered a highly potent biomarker for clinical response to CAR-T cell therapy, describing the prerequisites for optimal use of this novel therapy for lymphoma treatment. The current findings are an essential step forward towards optimizing this promising therapy.

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Education about genetic causes of eating behavior affects attitudes toward people with higher weight

Education about gene-by-environment interaction (G X E) causes of eating behaviors can have beneficial downstream effects on attitudes toward people with higher weight. A recent study found that participants who received education about G X E concepts reported higher empathy and held fewer stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with higher weight. G X E is when two different genotypes respond to variations in the environment in two different ways.

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Education about genetic causes of eating behavior affects attitudes toward people with higher weight

Education about gene-by-environment interaction (G X E) causes of eating behaviors can have beneficial downstream effects on attitudes toward people with higher weight. A recent study found that participants who received education about G X E concepts reported higher empathy and held fewer stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with higher weight. G X E is when two different genotypes respond to variations in the environment in two different ways.

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Poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes can be predicted from patient information systems with the help of machine learning

The risk for poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes can be predicted with confidence by using machine learning methods, a new study finds. The most important factors predicting glycemic control include prior glucose levels, duration of type 2 diabetes, and the patient's existing anti-diabetic medicines.

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Solar-powered system converts plastic and greenhouse gases into sustainable fuels

Researchers have developed a system that can transform plastic waste and greenhouse gases into sustainable fuels and other valuable products -- using just the energy from the Sun.

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Novel T cell receptor therapy shows early anti-tumor activity

Afamitresgene autoleucel (afami-cel; formerly ADP-A2M4), an adoptive T cell receptor (TCR) therapy targeting the MAGE-A4 cancer antigen, achieved clinically significant results for patients with multiple solid tumor types in a Phase I clinical trial.

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Fewer cases of melanoma among people taking vitamin D supplements

Fewer cases of melanoma were observed among regular users of vitamin D supplements than among non-users, a new study finds. People taking vitamin D supplements regularly also had a considerably lower risk of skin cancer, according to estimates by experienced dermatologists. The study included nearly 500 people with an increased risk of skin cancer.

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Researchers identify protein that helps skin cancer spread throughout the body

New research has identified a protein that makes melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, more aggressive by giving cancer cells the ability to change the shape of their nucleus -- a characteristic which allows the cells to migrate and spread around the body.

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Mapping endometriosis: A vast cellular atlas is created

Investigators have created a unique and detailed molecular profile of endometriosis to help improve therapeutic options for the millions of women suffering from the disease.

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Novel T cell receptor therapy shows early anti-tumor activity

Afamitresgene autoleucel (afami-cel; formerly ADP-A2M4), an adoptive T cell receptor (TCR) therapy targeting the MAGE-A4 cancer antigen, achieved clinically significant results for patients with multiple solid tumor types in a Phase I clinical trial.

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Fewer cases of melanoma among people taking vitamin D supplements

Fewer cases of melanoma were observed among regular users of vitamin D supplements than among non-users, a new study finds. People taking vitamin D supplements regularly also had a considerably lower risk of skin cancer, according to estimates by experienced dermatologists. The study included nearly 500 people with an increased risk of skin cancer.

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Turning plastic waste into a valuable soil additive

Chemical and environmental engineers detailed a method to convert plastic waste into a highly porous form of charcoal that has a whopping surface area of about 400 square meters per gram of mass. It could potentially be added to soil to improve water retention and aeration of farmlands.

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Researchers shed light on how exercise preserves physical fitness during aging

Researchers investigated the role of one cellular mechanism in improving physical fitness by exercise training and identified one anti-aging intervention that delayed the declines that occur with aging in the model organism. Together, the scientists' findings open the door to new strategies for promoting muscle function during aging.

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New approach to epidemic modeling could speed up pandemic simulations

Researchers are employing sparsification, a method from graph theory and computer science, to identify which links in a network are the most important for the spread of disease.

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Alzheimer's disease researchers study gene associated with the brain's immune cells

Researchers are studying how the reduction of a gene variant found in the brain's immune cells could diminish the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

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Can diet combined with drugs reduce seizures?

Following a modified Atkins diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates plus taking medication may reduce seizures in people with tough-to-treat epilepsy, according to a new study.

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Alzheimer's disease researchers study gene associated with the brain's immune cells

Researchers are studying how the reduction of a gene variant found in the brain's immune cells could diminish the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

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Treatment for combat-related PTSD advances with method shown to be fast, effective

A randomized controlled trial in 234 military personnel and veterans from four Texas locations found clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms in more than 60 percent of patients and long-term remission of the diagnosis in more than 50 percent after three weeks of outpatient Prolonged Exposure therapy.

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Treatment for combat-related PTSD advances with method shown to be fast, effective

A randomized controlled trial in 234 military personnel and veterans from four Texas locations found clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms in more than 60 percent of patients and long-term remission of the diagnosis in more than 50 percent after three weeks of outpatient Prolonged Exposure therapy.

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Pharmacotyping of childhood leukemia provides a blueprint for 'true precision medicine'

Scientists have performed the largest study yet examining drug sensitivity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia across genomic subtypes and its association with treatment response.

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Pharmacotyping of childhood leukemia provides a blueprint for 'true precision medicine'

Scientists have performed the largest study yet examining drug sensitivity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia across genomic subtypes and its association with treatment response.

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A promising drug delivery method could replace injections with pills

Researchers have explored a better way of delivering medications that does not require injections but could be as easy as swallowing a pill.

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Genetic effect on the response to treatment for obesity

Collaborative research has found that patients with severe and complicated obesity respond differently to a dietary weight loss program based on their genes.

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Efficient sodium-ion battery anode for energy storage

Lithium is expensive and limited, necessitating the development of efficient energy storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. Sodium is a promising candidate. However, sodium ions, being large and sluggish, hamper sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode performance. Researchers have recently developed pyrolyzed quinacridones, new carbonaceous SIB anode materials, that are efficient, easily prepared, and exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, including high sodium-ion storage performance and cycling stability.

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Newly discovered anatomy shields and monitors brain

Researchers describe a previously unknown component of brain anatomy that acts as both a protective barrier and platform from which immune cells surveil the brain for infection and inflammation.

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James Webb telescope reveals Milky Way-like galaxies in young universe

New images from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reveal galaxies with stellar bars -- elongated features of stars stretching from the centers of galaxies into their outer disks -- at a time when the universe was a mere 25% of its present age. The finding of so-called barred galaxies, similar to our Milky Way, this early in the universe will require astrophysicists to refine their theories of galaxy evolution.

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Incurable liver disease may prove curable

Research has shown for the first time that the effects of Alagille syndrome, an incurable genetic disorder that affects the liver, could be reversed with a single drug. The study has the potential to transform treatment for this rare disease and may also have implications for more common diseases.

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Gut bacteria may play a role in diabetes

One type of bacteria found in the gut may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes, while another may protect from the disease, according to early results from an ongoing, prospective study.

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Map of ancient ocean 'dead zones' could predict future locations, impacts

Researchers have created a map of oceanic 'dead zones' that existed during the Pliocene epoch, when the Earth's climate was two to three degrees warmer than it is now. The work could provide a glimpse into the locations and potential impacts of future low oxygen zones in a warmer Earth's oceans.

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Strengthening electron-triggered light emission

Researchers have found a way to create much stronger interactions between photons and electrons, in the process producing a hundredfold increase in the emission of light from a phenomenon called Smith-Purcell radiation. The finding has potential implications for both commercial applications and fundamental scientific research.

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Cheap, sustainable hydrogen through solar power

A new kind of solar panel has achieved 9% efficiency in converting water into hydrogen and oxygen--mimicking a crucial step in natural photosynthesis. Outdoors, it represents a major leap in the technology, nearly 10 times more efficient than solar water-splitting experiments of its kind.

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Actinidia arguta (sarunashi) juice inhibits lung cancer in mice, study finds

A research team has shown that Sarunashi juice and its constituting component isoquercetin help prevent and reduce lung cancer in laboratory mice.

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Time-restricted eating reshapes gene expression throughout the body

Scientists show in mice how time-restricted eating influences gene expression across more than 22 regions of the body and brain. The findings have implications for a wide range of health conditions where time-restricted eating has shown potential benefits, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer.

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A brain game may predict your risk of infection

If your alertness and reaction time is see-sawing more than usual, you may be more at risk of a viral illness. That's the key finding of a recent experiment.

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Tracking radiation treatment in real time promises safer, more effective cancer therapy

Radiation, used to treat half of all cancer patients, can be measured during treatment for the first time with precise 3D imaging. By capturing and amplifying tiny sound waves created when X-rays heat tissues in the body, medical professionals can map the radiation dose within the body, giving them new data to guide treatments in real time. It's a first-of-its-kind view of an interaction doctors have previously been unable to 'see.'

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New technologies revealing cross-cutting breakdowns in Alzheimer's disease

'Single-cell profiling' is helping neuroscientists see how disease affects major brain cell types and identify common, potentially targetable pathways.

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Couples don't have the same experience when both work from home

In dual-earner couples, working from home may be a better deal for husbands than wives in some ways, according to two related studies of workers in China and South Korea.

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Fewer moths, more flies

In the far north of the planet, climate change is clearly noticeable. A new study now shows that in parallel there have been dramatic changes in pollinating insects. Researchers have discovered that the network of plants and their pollinators there has changed considerably since the end of the 19th century. Scientists warn this could lead to plants being pollinated less effectively. This, in turn, would adversely affect their reproduction.

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COVID-19 vaccine for children after MIS-C appears safe

A study of children and adolescents who received a COVID-19 vaccination following multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) found that there were no reports of serious complications including myocarditis or MIS-C reoccurrence. About half of participants experienced mild and typical reactions, including arm soreness and fatigue. The study demonstrates that it is safe to get a vaccine after having MIS-C.

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Couples don't have the same experience when both work from home

In dual-earner couples, working from home may be a better deal for husbands than wives in some ways, according to two related studies of workers in China and South Korea.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/uJHMvRV

Good hydration linked to healthy aging

Adults who stay well-hydrated appear to be healthier, develop fewer chronic conditions, such as heart and lung disease, and live longer than those who may not get sufficient fluids, according to a new study.

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Good hydration linked to healthy aging

Adults who stay well-hydrated appear to be healthier, develop fewer chronic conditions, such as heart and lung disease, and live longer than those who may not get sufficient fluids, according to a new study.

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Slime for the climate, delivered by brown algae

Brown algae take up large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air and release parts of the carbon contained therein back into the environment in mucous form. This mucus is hard to break down for other ocean inhabitants, thus the carbon is removed from the atmosphere for a long time, as researchers now show. They reveal that the algal mucus called fucoidan is particularly responsible for this carbon removal and estimate that brown algae could thus remove up to 550 million tons of carbon dioxide from the air every year -- almost the amount of Germany's entire annual greenhouse gas emissions.

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