For memory formation, organization matters

Researchers have found that cells in the rat hippocampus -- a brain region that is essential for making memories -- are specifically organized into small clusters when fear-based memories are formed. Furthermore, when rats slept after a learning period, they had improved memory and stabilized cluster formation in the hippocampus. A better understanding of memory formation at the cellular level may contribute to improvements in the care of patients with memory-related disorders.

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New target in the fight against heart disease

Soon after cholesterol and fat start depositing on the lining of the blood vessels that supply your heart, the smooth muscle cells that give the blood vessels strength and flexibility start to get bigger and multiply. While scientists studying the phenomenon suspect these vascular smooth muscle cells are trying to help, this atypical behavior for these strong cells instead contributes to coronary artery disease, the most common type of heart disease in the United States.

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Fossil overturns more than a century of knowledge about the origin of modern birds

Fossilized fragments of a skeleton, hidden within a rock the size of a grapefruit, have helped upend one of the longest-standing assumptions about the origins of modern birds.

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Silent synapses are abundant in the adult brain

Neuroscientists discovered that the adult brain contains millions of 'silent synapses' -- immature connections between neurons that remain inactive until they're recruited to help form new memories.

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Heightened activity of specific brain cells following traumatic social experience blocks social reward and promotes sustained social avoidance

Past social trauma is encoded by a population of stress/threat-responsive brain cells that become hyperactivated during subsequent interaction with non-threatening social targets. As a consequence, previously rewarding social targets are now perceived as social threats, which promotes generalized social avoidance and impaired social reward processing that can contribute to psychiatric disorders.

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Shaking less salt on your food at the table could reduce heart disease risk

Adding additional salt to foods at a lower frequency is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, heart failure and ischemic heart disease, according to a new study.

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Learning from pangolins and peacocks: Researchers explore next-gen structural materials

Scientists report that materials inspired by nature could, one day, lead to new and better solar panels, soft robots and even coatings for hypersonic jets.

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Organizing nanoparticles into pinwheel shapes offers new twist on engineered materials

Researchers have developed a new strategy to help build materials with unique optical, magnetic, electronic and catalytic properties. These pinwheel-shaped structures self-assemble from nanoparticles and exhibit a characteristic called chirality -- one of nature's strategies to build complexity into structures at all scales, from molecules to galaxies.

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Chemotherapy could increase disease susceptibility in future generations

A common chemotherapy drug could carry a toxic inheritance for children and grandchildren of adolescent cancer survivors, new research indicates. The study found that male rats who received the drug ifosfamide during adolescence had offspring and grand-offspring with increased incidence of disease. While other research has shown that cancer treatments can increase patients' chance of developing disease later in life, this is one of the first-known studies showing that susceptibility can be passed down to a third generation of unexposed offspring.

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Bloating common issue among Americans

Nearly 1 in 7 Americans experience bloating on a weekly basis, and most aren't seeking professional care for it, according to a new study.

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Scientists reveal first close-up look at bats' immune response to live infection

Understanding how bats tolerate viral infections without developing symptoms may lead to better ways of combating human disease.

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Bloating common issue among Americans

Nearly 1 in 7 Americans experience bloating on a weekly basis, and most aren't seeking professional care for it, according to a new study.

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Scientists reveal first close-up look at bats' immune response to live infection

Understanding how bats tolerate viral infections without developing symptoms may lead to better ways of combating human disease.

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New study brings personalized immunotherapy prescriptions a step closer

In a step likely to advance personalized cancer treatment, scientists have for the first time shown in patients that levels of biomarkers are not enough to tell which patients are likely to respond best to immunotherapy. Instead, clinicians need to understand how immune cells and tumors are interacting within a patient, rather than simply the levels of each associated proteins present, to prescribe the best treatment.

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Stop counting cups: There's an ocean of difference in our water-drinking needs

A new study of thousands of people reveals a wide range in the amount of water people consume around the globe and over their lifespans, definitively spilling the oft-repeated idea that eight, 8-ounce glasses meet the human body's daily needs. Differences in environment, body composition and activity level contribute to daily water turnover of as little as 1 liter and as much as 10 liters.

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Less intensively managed grasslands have higher plant diversity and better soil health

Researchers have shown -- for the first time -- that less intensively managed British grazed grasslands have on average 50% more plant species and better soil health than intensively managed grassland. The new study could help farmers increase both biodiversity and soil health, including the amount of carbon in the soil of the British countryside.

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Stop counting cups: There's an ocean of difference in our water-drinking needs

A new study of thousands of people reveals a wide range in the amount of water people consume around the globe and over their lifespans, definitively spilling the oft-repeated idea that eight, 8-ounce glasses meet the human body's daily needs. Differences in environment, body composition and activity level contribute to daily water turnover of as little as 1 liter and as much as 10 liters.

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Of mice and men: Treating acne with systemic antibiotics can have unintended consequences on the maturing skeleton during adolescence

Adolescence is a time of significant skeletal development. In a new report, researchers showed that long-term use of minocycline, an antibiotic used for the systemic treatment of adolescent acne, disrupts the normal gut microbiome, leading to poor bone maturation. Surprisingly, these effects were caused by a change in the gut microbiome, leading to an altered profile of bile acids -- molecules that aid digestion and communicate with many organs -- that suppressed the activity of bone-forming cells called osteoblasts, even after treatment stopped.

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Cultural differences affect how we support close friends and family

A new study found that differences in culture affect when Japanese and American university students feel comfortable providing social support. The researchers found that Japanese university students were less likely than American students to offer assistance to a close friend or family member unless they had been explicitly asked for help, even when they knew that the person needed assistance. There were no differences in providing assistance between Japanese and American students when requests for help were explicitly stated.

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Achieving a quantum fiber

Researchers have successfully demonstrated the transport of two-photon quantum states of light through a phase-separated Anderson localization optical fiber.

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New Omicron subvariant BQ.1.1 resistant to all therapeutic antibodies, study finds

Are the currently approved antibody therapies used to treat individuals at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease also effective against currently circulating viral variants? A recent study shows that the Omicron sub-lineage BQ.1.1, currently on the rise worldwide, is resistant to all approved antibody therapies.

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Witchcraft beliefs are widespread, highly variable around the world, study finds

A newly compiled dataset quantitatively captures witchcraft beliefs in countries around the world, enabling investigation of key factors associated with such beliefs.

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Pocket feature shared by deadly coronaviruses could lead to pan-coronavirus antiviral treatment

Scientists have discovered why some coronaviruses are more likely to cause severe disease, which has remained a mystery, until now. Researchers say their findings could lead to the development of a pan-coronavirus treatment to defeat all coronaviruses -- from the 2002 SARS-CoV outbreak to Omicron, the current variant of SARS-CoV-2, as well as dangerous variants that may emerge in future.

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Unexpected cognitive deteriorations in epilepsy

In severe epilepsies, surgical intervention is often the only remedy -- usually with great success. While neuropsychological performance can recover in the long term after successful surgery, on rare occasions, unexpected declines in cognitive performance occur. Researchers have now been able to show which patients are at particularly high risk for this.

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Researchers reveal a new ALS hallmark, shedding light on a likely trigger of neurodegeneration

New research has identified a new hallmark of the neurodegenerative disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), revealing a likely molecular trigger of the disease.

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Researchers reveal a new ALS hallmark, shedding light on a likely trigger of neurodegeneration

New research has identified a new hallmark of the neurodegenerative disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), revealing a likely molecular trigger of the disease.

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HIV infection leaves a 'memory' in cells

Though antiretroviral therapy has made HIV a manageable disease, people living with HIV often suffer from chronic inflammation. This can put them at an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive dysfunction, impacting the longevity and quality of their lives. Now, a new study explains why chronic inflammation may be happening and how suppression or even eradication of HIV in the body may not resolve it.

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Limiting global warming now can preserve valuable freshwater resource

A research team has found that the Andean region of Chile could face noticeable snow loss and roughly 10% less mountain water runoff with a global warming of approximately 2.5 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels over the next three decades. The study also shows that what happens in the Andes could be a harbinger of what is to come for the California Sierra Nevada mountain range, and highlights the importance of carbon-mitigation strategies to prevent this from occurring.

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Put the kettle on! How black tea (and other favorites) may help your health later in life

A daily cup of tea could help you to enjoy better health late in life -- however if you're not a tea drinker, there are other things you can add to your diet. The key is flavonoids, which are naturally occurring substances found in many common foods and beverages such as black and green tea, apples, nuts, citrus fruit, berries and more.

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Measuring organ development

Organs in the human body have complex networks of fluid-filled tubes and loops. They come in different shapes and their three-dimensional structures are differently connected to each other, depending on the organ. During the development of an embryo, organs develop their shape and tissue architecture out of a simple group of cells. Due to a lack of concepts and tools, it is challenging to understand how shape and the complex tissue network arise during organ development. Metrics for organ development have now been defined.

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Short gamma-ray bursts traced farther into distant universe

Astronomers have developed the most extensive inventory to date of the galaxies where short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) originate. Using several highly sensitive instruments and sophisticated galaxy modeling, the researchers pinpointed the galactic homes of 84 SGRBs and probed the characteristics of 69 of the identified host galaxies.

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New quantum tool developed in groundbreaking experimental achievement

In groundbreaking research, scientists have created a device that generates twisted neutrons with well-defined orbital angular momentum.

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Scientists produce 'DNA virus vaccine' to fight DNA viruses

Rutgers scientists have developed a new approach to stopping viral infections: a so-called live-attenuated, replication-defective DNA virus vaccine that uses a compound known as centanamycin to generate an altered virus for vaccine development.

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Lab grown 'mini eyes' unlock understanding of blindness in rare genetic condition

Researchers have grown 'mini eyes', which make it possible to study and better understand the development of blindness in a rare genetic disease called Usher syndrome for the first time.

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Lab grown 'mini eyes' unlock understanding of blindness in rare genetic condition

Researchers have grown 'mini eyes', which make it possible to study and better understand the development of blindness in a rare genetic disease called Usher syndrome for the first time.

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Dietary change starves cancer cells, overcoming treatment resistance

A dietary change could be a key to enhancing colon cancer treatment, a new study finds. Researchers found in cells and in mice that a low-protein diet blocked the nutrient signaling pathway that fires up a master regulator of cancer growth.

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Brain organoids reveal in detail the harms of prenatal alcohol exposure

No amount of alcohol consumption is safe for a developing fetus. A new study presents in molecular detail how alcohol harms growth and functioning of developing brain organoids.

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Brain organoids reveal in detail the harms of prenatal alcohol exposure

No amount of alcohol consumption is safe for a developing fetus. A new study presents in molecular detail how alcohol harms growth and functioning of developing brain organoids.

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Turning wastewater into fertilizer is feasible and could help to make agriculture more sustainable

The wastewater draining from massive pools of sewage sludge has the potential to play a role in more sustainable agriculture, according to environmental engineering researchers.

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Unusual type of antibody shows ultrapotent activity against Zika

An unusual type of antibody that even at miniscule levels neutralizes the Zika virus and renders the virus infection undetectable in preclinical models has been identified.

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Unusual type of antibody shows ultrapotent activity against Zika

An unusual type of antibody that even at miniscule levels neutralizes the Zika virus and renders the virus infection undetectable in preclinical models has been identified.

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Mental health, substance use issues prevalent among nonpsychiatric emergency room patients

A new study found that about 45 percent of patients who visit the emergency department for physical injuries and ailments also have mental health and substance use problems that are often overlooked.

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DDX41: A key nuclear player in maintaining genomic stability

The gene DDX41 encodes the nuclear enzyme, DEAD-box-type RNA helicase. Mutation of DDX41 leads to hematopoietic cancers. However, the mechanism underlying this malignancy development is unclear. To this end, researchers characterized the functional significance of DDX41 in great detail. Their findings reveal that DDX41 serves crucial functions in transcriptional processes, RNA splicing, and overall genomic integrity maintenance. The findings may hold significance in treating hematopoietic malignancies.

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Mental health, substance use issues prevalent among nonpsychiatric emergency room patients

A new study found that about 45 percent of patients who visit the emergency department for physical injuries and ailments also have mental health and substance use problems that are often overlooked.

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DDX41: A key nuclear player in maintaining genomic stability

The gene DDX41 encodes the nuclear enzyme, DEAD-box-type RNA helicase. Mutation of DDX41 leads to hematopoietic cancers. However, the mechanism underlying this malignancy development is unclear. To this end, researchers characterized the functional significance of DDX41 in great detail. Their findings reveal that DDX41 serves crucial functions in transcriptional processes, RNA splicing, and overall genomic integrity maintenance. The findings may hold significance in treating hematopoietic malignancies.

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New target for Alzheimer's therapies found

Researchers discover link between the protein medin and Alzheimer's disease.

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New target for Alzheimer's therapies found

Researchers discover link between the protein medin and Alzheimer's disease.

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To prevent the next pandemic, restore wildlife habitats

Preserving and restoring natural habitats could prevent pathogens that originate in wildlife from spilling over into domesticated animals and humans, according to two new companion studies.

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Corporal punishment affects brain activity, anxiety, and depression

Don't spank your kids. That's the conventional wisdom that has emerged from decades of research linking corporal punishment to a decline in adolescent health and negative effects on behavior, including an increased risk for anxiety and depression. Now, a new study explores how corporal punishment might impact neural systems to produce those adverse effects.

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To prevent the next pandemic, restore wildlife habitats

Preserving and restoring natural habitats could prevent pathogens that originate in wildlife from spilling over into domesticated animals and humans, according to two new companion studies.

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A navigation system with 10 centimeter accuracy

Researchers have developed an alternative positioning system that is more robust and accurate than GPS, especially in urban settings. The working prototype that demonstrated this new mobile network infrastructure achieved an accuracy of 10 centimeter. This new technology is important for the implementation of a range of location-based applications, including automated vehicles, quantum communication and next-generation mobile communication systems.

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How bacteria could help tumors progress and resist treatment

Two new studies reveal how bacteria infiltrate tumors and could be helping tumors progress and spread and suggest a link between oral health and cancer, as microbes in the mouth are associated with cancers elsewhere in the body. The two articles focus on an oral bacterium called Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has been linked to colorectal cancer.

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How bacteria could help tumors progress and resist treatment

Two new studies reveal how bacteria infiltrate tumors and could be helping tumors progress and spread and suggest a link between oral health and cancer, as microbes in the mouth are associated with cancers elsewhere in the body. The two articles focus on an oral bacterium called Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has been linked to colorectal cancer.

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Emphysema more common in marijuana smokers than cigarette smokers

Airway inflammation and emphysema are more common in marijuana smokers than cigarette smokers, according to a new study. Researchers said the difference may be due to the way that marijuana is smoked and the fact that marijuana smoke enters the lungs unfiltered.

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Faulty DNA repair may lead to BRCA-linked cancers

Error-prone DNA replication and repair may lead to mutations and cancer in individuals who inherit a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene, according to a new study. The discovery has potential implications for preventing the development of cancer in patients with these mutations.

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Faulty DNA repair may lead to BRCA-linked cancers

Error-prone DNA replication and repair may lead to mutations and cancer in individuals who inherit a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene, according to a new study. The discovery has potential implications for preventing the development of cancer in patients with these mutations.

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Trial shows benefits of two forms of ankle surgery for osteoarthritis

Patients with advanced ankle osteoarthritis who undergo surgery see equally good outcomes from the two main surgical treatments for osteoarthritis, a new study has shown.

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Evolutionary analysis shows SARS-CoV-2 variants converging

An analysis of massive amounts of genetic data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus suggests that COVID-19 variants worldwide are repeatedly evolving the same mutations, according to a new study.

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Ancient disease has potential to regenerate livers

Leprosy is one of the world's oldest and most persistent diseases but the bacteria that cause it may also have the surprising ability to grow and regenerate a vital organ. Scientists have discovered that parasites associated with leprosy can reprogram cells to increase the size of a liver in adult animals without causing damage, scarring or tumors. The findings suggest the possibility of adapting this natural process to renew aging livers and increase healthspan -- the length of time living disease-free -- in humans.

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Putting the brakes on lithium-ion batteries to prevent fires

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are used to power everything from smart watches to electric vehicles, thanks to the large amounts of energy they can store in small spaces. When overheated, however, they're prone to catching fire or even exploding. But recent research offers a possible solution with a new technology that can swiftly put the brakes on a Li-ion battery, shutting it down when it gets too hot.

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Fluorescent mouse blood will help us gain knowledge about brain diseases

A fluorescent protein makes it possible to follow disease progression in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, strokes, and depression. That may lead to better insight into diseases and possible new treatments.

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Fluorescent mouse blood will help us gain knowledge about brain diseases

A fluorescent protein makes it possible to follow disease progression in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, strokes, and depression. That may lead to better insight into diseases and possible new treatments.

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Healthy plant-based diets better for the environment than less healthy plant-based diets

Healthier plant-based dietary patterns were associated with better environmental health, while less healthy plant-based dietary patterns, which are higher in foods like refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, required more cropland and fertilizer, according to a new study.

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The nose-brain pathway: Exploring the role of trigeminal nerves in delivering intranasally administered antidepressant

Scientists have developed a novel concept of a nose-to-brain system for the clinical application of neuropeptides. They developed a derivative of glucagon-like peptide-2 and found that when administered intranasally, it is efficiently delivered through the trigeminal nerve to the site of action and exhibits antidepressant-like effects. This is the first demonstration in the world that intranasally administered neuropeptides reach the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) via neurons.

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Healthy plant-based diets better for the environment than less healthy plant-based diets

Healthier plant-based dietary patterns were associated with better environmental health, while less healthy plant-based dietary patterns, which are higher in foods like refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, required more cropland and fertilizer, according to a new study.

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Researchers pinpoint potential treatment for lethal childhood cancer

Researchers discovered that by blocking the production of an enzyme called DHODH, they were able to halt the growth of MYC gene-amplified medulloblastoma in mouse models, the most aggressive subtype of this cancer.

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Physicists find new way to measure properties of a material's surface layer

Physicists have developed a new technique that can measure the properties of the topmost atomic layer of materials without including information from the underlying layers.

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Popular dietary supplement causes cancer risk, brain metastasis

While previous studies have linked commercial dietary supplements like nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, to benefits related to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological health, new research has found NR could actually increase the risk of serious disease, including developing cancer. The international team of researchers discovered high levels of NR could not only increase someone's risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer, but also could cause the cancer to metastasize or spread to the brain.

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Popular dietary supplement causes cancer risk, brain metastasis

While previous studies have linked commercial dietary supplements like nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, to benefits related to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological health, new research has found NR could actually increase the risk of serious disease, including developing cancer. The international team of researchers discovered high levels of NR could not only increase someone's risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer, but also could cause the cancer to metastasize or spread to the brain.

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Previously unknown monumental temple discovered near the Tempio Grande in Vulci

Archeologists have identified one of the largest known sacred buildings of the Etruscans. The temple's strata offer insights into more than 1000 years of development of one of the most important Etruscan cities. The newly discovered temple is roughly the same size and on a similar alignment as the neighboring Tempio Grande, and was built at roughly the same Archaic time. This duplication of monumental buildings in an Etruscan city is rare, and indicates an exceptional finding.

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Improving the performance of electrodeless plasma thrusters for space propulsion

Space missions already use electric propulsion devices, where electromagnetic fields are utilized to generate the thrust of spacecraft. One such electrodeless device, which harnesses radio frequency (rf) to generate plasma and a magnetic nozzle (MN) to channel and accelerate plasma, has shown immense promise in pushing the boundaries of space travel. But scientists have so far failed to achieve efficient conversion of the rf power to thrust energy. Now, a researcher has achieved a stunning 30% conversion efficiency.

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Chronic jet lag discovered in people living with HIV

People living with HIV have a significantly delayed internal body clock, consistent with the symptoms of jet lag, according to new findings.

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A supernova in distant space allows us to understand the origin of the elements in the universe

A supernova is a stellar explosion, which occurs when the lives of some really massive stars come to an end. In this violent epilogue, the star expels the material from its outer layers by means of a shock wave, allowing us to see the various elements it was composed of.

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Nanotechnology platform enables immune conversion of cancer cells, sensitizing them to immunotherapy

A team of researchers has developed a nanotechnology platform that can change the way the immune system sees solid tumor cells, making them more receptive to immunotherapy. The preclinical findings suggest this adaptable immune conversion approach has the potential for broad application across many cancer types.

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Nanotechnology platform enables immune conversion of cancer cells, sensitizing them to immunotherapy

A team of researchers has developed a nanotechnology platform that can change the way the immune system sees solid tumor cells, making them more receptive to immunotherapy. The preclinical findings suggest this adaptable immune conversion approach has the potential for broad application across many cancer types.

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Research reveals how a common bacterium may spread from the intestine

A typical gut bacterium that can spread through the body and cause a serious infection resists natural immune defenses and antibiotics by enhancing its protective outer layer, known as the cell envelope, according to a new study. The finding suggests possible new ways to target these bacterial infections.

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The gut microbiome's supersized role in shaping molecules in our blood

Scientists have shown which blood metabolites are associated with the gut microbiome, genetics, or the interplay between both. Their findings have promising implications for guiding targeted therapies designed to alter the composition of the blood metabolome to improve human health.

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U.S. political partisanship affects first impressions of faces

In an experimental study, participants' first impressions of photos of strangers' faces were strongly influenced by disclosure of the stranger's political partisanship.

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Nazi propaganda from 1927-1945 reveals role of dehumanization of Jews in the Holocaust

A linguistic analysis of Nazi propaganda suggests that dehumanization of Jews shifted over time, with propaganda after the onset of the Holocaust portraying Jews as having a greater capacity for agency, relative to earlier propaganda focused on disengaging moral concern.

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Air pollution threatens natural pest control methods in sustainable farming

When fields of oilseed rape are exposed to diesel exhaust and/or ozone -- both found in emissions from diesel burning vehicles and industry -- the number of parasitic insects available to control aphids drops significantly, according to research published today.

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Fertilizers limit pollination by changing how bumblebees sense flowers

Pollinators are less likely to land on flowers sprayed with fertilizers or pesticides as they can detect electric field changes around the flower, researchers have found.

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Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: Synthetic peptides may suppress formation of harmful amyloid aggregates

In Alzheimer's disease, the degeneration of brain cells is linked to formation of toxic protein aggregates and deposits known as amyloid plaques. Similar processes play an important role also in type 2 diabetes. A research team has now developed 'mini-proteins', so-called peptides, which are able to bind the proteins that form amyloids and prevent their aggregation into cytotoxic amyloids.

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New biomarker could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease early

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was once only possible after someone had died, but recent biomarker studies have led to the development of imaging and spinal fluid tests for those still living. However, the tests can only monitor severe disease, differentiating advanced AD from related disorders. Researchers have now identified a biomarker that could help physicians diagnose AD earlier, as a patient transitions into mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

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New biomarker could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease early

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was once only possible after someone had died, but recent biomarker studies have led to the development of imaging and spinal fluid tests for those still living. However, the tests can only monitor severe disease, differentiating advanced AD from related disorders. Researchers have now identified a biomarker that could help physicians diagnose AD earlier, as a patient transitions into mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

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Motivation is affected by oxidative stress, nutrition can help

Motivation is affected by oxidative stress in the brain, a study shows. The findings also suggest motivation can be improved through nutritional interventions.

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Neuron function is altered by the widely used anesthetic propofol

Propofol is the most commonly used drug to induce general anesthesia. Despite its frequent clinical application, it is poorly understood how propofol causes anesthesia.

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Automated texts decrease odds of rehospitalization

Text messages sent automatically from patients' primary care office after hospitalization were tied to decreased odds of needing further emergency care.

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Motivation is affected by oxidative stress, nutrition can help

Motivation is affected by oxidative stress in the brain, a study shows. The findings also suggest motivation can be improved through nutritional interventions.

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New drug can successfully treat patients typically resistant to high blood pressure treatment

A new drug called Baxdrostat has been shown to significantly reduce high blood pressure (hypertension) in patients who may not respond to current treatments for the condition, according to results from a phase II trial.

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Smell words differ primarily in terms of pleasantness and edibility

Most languages lack a specialized vocabulary to describe smell experiences. People instead use words from other domains, such as 'heavy', 'good' or 'fruity', when talking about smells. But which words are really used and how do they relate to each other? This has been answered for English by researchers by using a fully automatic method that is based on texts from the Internet.

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New theory explains recovery delays in COVID-19 and cardiac patients

COVID-19 patients placed on ventilators can take a long time to regain consciousness. New research is now illustrating that these delays may serve a purpose: protecting the brain from oxygen deprivation.

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New theory explains recovery delays in COVID-19 and cardiac patients

COVID-19 patients placed on ventilators can take a long time to regain consciousness. New research is now illustrating that these delays may serve a purpose: protecting the brain from oxygen deprivation.

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New quasiparticle discovered in moiré patterns

A new species of exciton with novel characteristics has been discovered in moiré crystal superlattice. Scientists have developed a pristine unit-cell matrix projection method that reduces computationally a million-fold without loss of accuracy. Supercomputer simulations helped in predicting the new exciton, which was later validated by experiment. The research can be used in the development of new optical sensors and communication technology.

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Increased prevalence of metabolic imbalances in children during COVID-19 pandemic points to unsolved problem with early diagnosis of diabetes

During the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly more children and young people had already developed diabetic ketoacidosis when diagnosed with type 1 diabetes than in previous years, according to a new study.

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Increased prevalence of metabolic imbalances in children during COVID-19 pandemic points to unsolved problem with early diagnosis of diabetes

During the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly more children and young people had already developed diabetic ketoacidosis when diagnosed with type 1 diabetes than in previous years, according to a new study.

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Oldest planetary debris in our galaxy found from new study

Astronomers have identified the oldest star in our galaxy that is accreting debris from orbiting planetesimals, making it one of the oldest rocky and icy planetary systems discovered in the Milky Way.

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Researchers seek to understand why vaccine responses vary from person to person

New findings from a meta-analysis examine the biological mechanisms responsible for why some people's immune systems respond differently to vaccinations, which could have global implications for the development and administration of vaccines.

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Researchers seek to understand why vaccine responses vary from person to person

New findings from a meta-analysis examine the biological mechanisms responsible for why some people's immune systems respond differently to vaccinations, which could have global implications for the development and administration of vaccines.

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Words matter in food freshness, safety messaging

Changing the wording about expiration dates on perishable food items -- which is currently unregulated and widely variable -- could help reduce food waste, according to a new study.

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Light-driven molecular motors light up

Combining two light-mediated functions in a single molecule is quite challenging. Scientists have now succeeded in doing just that, in two different ways.

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Words matter in food freshness, safety messaging

Changing the wording about expiration dates on perishable food items -- which is currently unregulated and widely variable -- could help reduce food waste, according to a new study.

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'Click' chemistry may help treat dogs with bone cancer

New research shows how click chemistry can be used to more efficiently deliver drugs to treat tumors in large dogs with bone cancer -- a process that had previously only been successful in small mice.

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Psychological First Aid training could help improve care workers' wellbeing

A new study has shown that Psychological First Aid, training originally created for people to support others, can help healthcare workers in care homes improve their own mental wellbeing.

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Surface melting of glass

In 1842, the famous British researcher Michael Faraday made an amazing observation by chance: A thin layer of water forms on the surface of ice, even though it is well below zero degrees. So the temperature is below the melting point of ice, yet the surface of the ice has melted. This liquid layer on ice crystals is also why snowballs stick together.

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Astronomers discover closest black hole to earth

Astronomers have discovered the closest-known black hole to Earth. This is the first unambiguous detection of a dormant stellar-mass black hole in the Milky Way. Its close proximity to Earth, a mere 1600 light-years away, offers an intriguing target of study to advance our understanding of the evolution of binary systems.

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'Click' chemistry may help treat dogs with bone cancer

New research shows how click chemistry can be used to more efficiently deliver drugs to treat tumors in large dogs with bone cancer -- a process that had previously only been successful in small mice.

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Researchers offer roadmap for identifying new neuroprotective treatments by leveraging sex differences

Sex differences in the aging brain may offer an enticing clue for developing more effective neuroprotective treatments, according to a new research strategy.

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Cutting the risk of stomach bleeding, occasionally caused by regular aspirin use

A new study found that the risk of stomach bleeding caused by using aspirin long-term, can be reduced with a short course of antibiotics, potentially improving the safety of aspirin when used to prevent heart attacks, strokes and possibly some cancers.

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Inflammation amplifies the effect of genetic risk variants for schizophrenia

Schizophrenia patients have fewer connections between nerve cells. This is believed to be caused by genetic risk variants leading to an excessive elimination of nerve cell connections by the immune cells of the brain. Researchers now report that the levels of protein from the relevant risk gene are elevated in first-episode patients and that inflammation further increases the expression of the risk gene.

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Inflammation amplifies the effect of genetic risk variants for schizophrenia

Schizophrenia patients have fewer connections between nerve cells. This is believed to be caused by genetic risk variants leading to an excessive elimination of nerve cell connections by the immune cells of the brain. Researchers now report that the levels of protein from the relevant risk gene are elevated in first-episode patients and that inflammation further increases the expression of the risk gene.

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New material will make locally flexible diodes possible

Diodes allow directed flows of current. Without them, modern electronics would be inconceivable. Until now, they had to be made out of two materials with different characteristics. A research team has now discovered a material that makes it possible to create a diode with a simple change in temperature.

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Blind spots in the monitoring of plastic waste

Whether in drinking water, food or even in the air: plastic is a global problem -- and the full extent of this pollution may go beyond of what we know yet. Researchers have reviewed conventional assumptions for the transport of plastic in rivers. The actual amount of plastic waste in rivers could be up to 90 percent greater than previously assumed. The new findings should help improve monitoring and remove plastic from water bodies.

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Perturbing the Bernoulli shift map in binary systems

The Bernoulli shift map is a well-known chaotic map in chaos theory. For a binary system, however, the output is not chaotic and converges to zero instead. One way to prevent this is by perturbing the state space of the map. In a new study, researchers explore one such perturbation method to obtain non-converging outputs with long periods and analyze these periods using modular arithmetic, obtaining a complete list of parameter values for optimal perturbations.

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Defect in cellular respiration renders sac fungi infertile

The formation of fruiting bodies for sexual reproduction is a central developmental process in fungi. Even though genetic methods have been applied in recent decades to identify a large number of factors involved in this process, we still lack an understanding of how the formation of different cell types is regulated. A research team has gained new insights by studying a mutant sac fungus that is infertile. The mutant is impaired in its respiratory chain, thus lacking the energy to form fruiting bodies.

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Senescent cells as vaccines against cancer

Cancer cells have a series of features that allow the immune system to identify and attack them. However, these same cells create an environment that blocks immune cells and protects the tumor. This means that immune cells cannot reach the cancer cells to remove them. The scientific community has been working for years to increase the effectiveness of the immune system against cancer by using vaccines based on dead tumor cells.

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Senescent cells as vaccines against cancer

Cancer cells have a series of features that allow the immune system to identify and attack them. However, these same cells create an environment that blocks immune cells and protects the tumor. This means that immune cells cannot reach the cancer cells to remove them. The scientific community has been working for years to increase the effectiveness of the immune system against cancer by using vaccines based on dead tumor cells.

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Finding the solution to obesity

In the 20 years obesity among adults has risen significantly. Data show that one third of U.S. adults 20 years of age and older have obesity. Obesity continues to be a common, serious and costly disease. Scientists discuss the many different theories explaining why obesity continues to increase despite best efforts at controlling weight gain in this environment, including increased availability and marketing of high-calorie and high-glycemic-index foods and drinks, larger food portions, leisure time physical activities being replaced with sedentary activities such as watching television and use of electronic devices, inadequate sleep, and the use of medications that increase weight.

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This simple material could scrub carbon dioxide from power plant smokestacks

A simple material can separate carbon dioxide from other gases that fly out of the smokestacks of coal-fired power plants. It lacks the shortcomings that other proposed carbon filtration materials have, rivaling designer compounds in its simplicity, overall stability and ease of preparation.

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Global analysis shows where fishing vessels turn off their identification devices

Data from the shipboard Automatic Identification System (AIS) can provide information about global fishing activity, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Fishing vessels may disable their AIS devices, but a new analysis identifies intentional disabling events in commercial fisheries and shows that, while some disabling events may be for legitimate reasons, others appear to be attempts to conceal illegal activities.

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Researchers studying new way to heal diabetic wounds by activating 'hidden' mechanism in the body

Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine are looking for ways to heal wounds by using a healing protein that is active in fetuses, but largely inactive in adults and absent in diabetic adults.

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Bacterial sensors send a jolt of electricity when triggered

Scientists and engineers have developed programmable bacteria that sense contaminants and release an electronic signal in real time.

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Researchers studying new way to heal diabetic wounds by activating 'hidden' mechanism in the body

Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine are looking for ways to heal wounds by using a healing protein that is active in fetuses, but largely inactive in adults and absent in diabetic adults.

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Protein kinase CK2 has key role in killer T cells during infection by Listeria monocytogenes

The protein kinase CK2 is involved in a wide range of biological processes and cellular functions, including inflammatory responses and pathologies associated with inflammation. CD8+ T cells, also known as killer T cells, are critical to maintain health by controlling infections by intracellular pathogens, including viruses and intracellular bacteria. Researchers now report that protein kinase CK2 controls CD8+ T cell effector and memory functions during infection. These experiments were done in mouse CD8+ T cells and a mouse model of infection by the intracellular pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes.

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Better understanding of the development of intestinal diseases

Bacteria in the small intestine adapt dynamically to our nutritional state, with individual species disappearing and reappearing. Researchers have now been able to comprehensively study the bacteria of the small intestine and their unique adaptability for the first time. The findings contribute to a better understanding of intestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease or Celiac disease and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.

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Researchers 'feed' leftover coffee grounds to microalgae to produce low emission biodiesel

Researchers have produced high-quality biodiesel after 'feeding' and growing microalgae on leftover coffee grounds.

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Scientists uncover new clues about the climate and health impact of atmospheric particles

Peering inside common atmospheric particles is providing important clues to their climate and health effects, according to a new study by chemists. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play an important role in air quality and climate. They can add to air pollution and damage the lungs, as well as help deflect solar radiation or aid cloud formation. Different types of SOA can mix together in a single particle and their environmental impacts are governed by the new particles' physical and chemical properties, particularly the number of phases --or states-- it can exist in. In a new research letter published in the European Geosciences Union's open access journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, an international team of researchers found that particles with two phases can form when different types of SOA mix. The finding could help improve current models that predict SOA climate and health effects.

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'A silent killer' -- COVID-19 shown to trigger inflammation in the brain

Researchers have found that COVID-19 activates the same inflammatory response in the brain as Parkinson's disease. The discovery identified a potential future risk for neurodegenerative conditions in people who've had COVID-19, but also a possible treatment.

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Violent supershear earthquakes are more common than previously thought

About 14% of magnitude 6.7 or greater strike-slip earthquakes since 2000 have been supershear. That's 50% more than previously thought. Supershear earthquakes occur when a fault ruptures faster than seismic shear waves can travel through rock. The events were thought to be rare because scientists had mostly looked for them on land. The findings suggest that disaster planning assessments should include whether a fault is able to produce supershear quakes, which are potentially more destructive than other types.

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'A silent killer' -- COVID-19 shown to trigger inflammation in the brain

Researchers have found that COVID-19 activates the same inflammatory response in the brain as Parkinson's disease. The discovery identified a potential future risk for neurodegenerative conditions in people who've had COVID-19, but also a possible treatment.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/PvNHECW