Most cases of never-smokers’ lung cancer treatable with mutation-targeting drugs

Despite smoking's well-known role in causing lung cancer, a significant number of patients who develop lung tumors have never smoked. While scientists are still working to understand what spurs cancer in so-called 'never-smokers,' a study suggests that 78% to 92% of lung cancers in patients who have never smoked can be treated with precision drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration to target specific mutations in a patient's tumor.

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Most cases of never-smokers’ lung cancer treatable with mutation-targeting drugs

Despite smoking's well-known role in causing lung cancer, a significant number of patients who develop lung tumors have never smoked. While scientists are still working to understand what spurs cancer in so-called 'never-smokers,' a study suggests that 78% to 92% of lung cancers in patients who have never smoked can be treated with precision drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration to target specific mutations in a patient's tumor.

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New treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: Opioids may cure that 'bad gut feeling'

Opioid receptors play key roles in regulating our senses and emotions. Recently, their discovery outside the nervous system raised several questions about the effects of opioids on the immune system. Now, researchers have shown that KNT-127 -- a drug that targets delta opioid receptors -- can reduce pro-inflammatory signals in the colon. Their research highlights the immunomodulatory properties of opioids and indicates their therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease and other related disorders.

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New treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: Opioids may cure that 'bad gut feeling'

Opioid receptors play key roles in regulating our senses and emotions. Recently, their discovery outside the nervous system raised several questions about the effects of opioids on the immune system. Now, researchers have shown that KNT-127 -- a drug that targets delta opioid receptors -- can reduce pro-inflammatory signals in the colon. Their research highlights the immunomodulatory properties of opioids and indicates their therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease and other related disorders.

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Study on African buffalo offers insights on persistence of highly contagious pathogens

A new study on foot-and-mouth disease among buffalo in South Africa could help explain how certain extremely contagious pathogens are able to persist and reach endemic stage in a population, long after they've burned through their initial pool of susceptible hosts.

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Scientists use nuclear physics to probe Floridan Aquifer threatened by climate change

Scientists used a nuclear dating technique to study the dynamics of the Floridan Aquifer. The findings show the promise of this emerging technique to help understand geological processes and to forecast the effects of climate change on coastal aquifers.

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Study on African buffalo offers insights on persistence of highly contagious pathogens

A new study on foot-and-mouth disease among buffalo in South Africa could help explain how certain extremely contagious pathogens are able to persist and reach endemic stage in a population, long after they've burned through their initial pool of susceptible hosts.

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New metamaterial with unusual reflective property could boost your Wi-Fi signal

Engineers have achieved a practical mechanism for 'full-duplex nonreciprocity,' a property in metamaterials that allows for manipulation of both incoming and reflective beams of light.

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Dynamic pregnancy intentions

A study found that pregnancy intentions often change over as short as a 12-month time period, and that they specifically vary with partner status, household income, and employment status.

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Dynamic pregnancy intentions

A study found that pregnancy intentions often change over as short as a 12-month time period, and that they specifically vary with partner status, household income, and employment status.

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Signaling from neighboring cells provides power boost within axons

Nerve cells (neurons) send signals throughout the brain and the body along long processes called axons; these communication and information processes consume high levels of energy. A recent study shows that the support cells around axons provide a way to boost local energy production. The new findings help explain how long axons maintain sufficient energy levels and could have implications for the treatment of several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), linked to disruptions in axonal energy supply.

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Safer treatment for deep-seated tumors

Scientists have detailed the effects of copper cysteamine, a next-generation cancer photo-drug.

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Signaling from neighboring cells provides power boost within axons

Nerve cells (neurons) send signals throughout the brain and the body along long processes called axons; these communication and information processes consume high levels of energy. A recent study shows that the support cells around axons provide a way to boost local energy production. The new findings help explain how long axons maintain sufficient energy levels and could have implications for the treatment of several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), linked to disruptions in axonal energy supply.

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Safer treatment for deep-seated tumors

Scientists have detailed the effects of copper cysteamine, a next-generation cancer photo-drug.

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Connecting the dots between material properties and qubit performance

Scientists studying superconducting qubits identified structural and chemical defects that may be causing quantum information loss -- an obstacle to practical quantum computation.

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Movement of genes within cells helps organisms tell time

Using the relatively simple clocks found in fruit flies, researchers reveal that the subcellular location of clock proteins and genes fluctuates with the daily passage of time, indicating that spatial information is translated into time-related signals.

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Scientists reverse pancreatic cancer progression in ‘time machine’ made of human cells

What makes pancreatic cancer so deadly is its covert and quick spread. Now, a 'time machine' has shown a way to reverse the course of cancer before it spreads throughout the pancreas.

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New analytical technique helps researchers spot subtle differences in subcellular chemistry

Researchers can now rapidly isolate and chemically characterize individual organelles within cells. The new technique tests the limits of analytical chemistry and rapidly reveals the chemical composition of organelles that control biological growth, development and disease.

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Movement of genes within cells helps organisms tell time

Using the relatively simple clocks found in fruit flies, researchers reveal that the subcellular location of clock proteins and genes fluctuates with the daily passage of time, indicating that spatial information is translated into time-related signals.

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Scientists reverse pancreatic cancer progression in ‘time machine’ made of human cells

What makes pancreatic cancer so deadly is its covert and quick spread. Now, a 'time machine' has shown a way to reverse the course of cancer before it spreads throughout the pancreas.

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New analytical technique helps researchers spot subtle differences in subcellular chemistry

Researchers can now rapidly isolate and chemically characterize individual organelles within cells. The new technique tests the limits of analytical chemistry and rapidly reveals the chemical composition of organelles that control biological growth, development and disease.

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‘Planet confusion’ could slow Earth-like exoplanet exploration

A new study finds that next-generation telescopes used to see exoplanets could confuse Earth-like planets with other types of planets in the same solar system.

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New nanoparticle developed for intravenous cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy seeks to turn 'cold' tumors into 'hot' tumors -- those that respond to immunotherapy -- by awakening and enlisting the body's own immune system.

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How sepsis need not be fatal

Researchers have identified molecular biomarkers, pathways and immune cell dynamics associated with sepsis that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the condition from leading to death.

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New tool predicts changes that may make COVID variants more infectious

Researchers have created a novel framework that can predict with reasonable accuracy the amino-acid changes in the virus' spike protein that may improve its binding to human cells and confer increased infectivity to the virus. The tool could enable the computational surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and provide advance warning of potentially dangerous variants with an even higher binding affinity potential. This can aid in the early implementation of public health measures to prevent the virus's spread and perhaps even may inform vaccine booster formulations.

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Wiggling worms suggest link between vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's

Worms lose their wiggle when they get Alzheimer's disease, but researchers found that worms fed a diet of E. coli with higher levels of vitamin B12 were given a layer of protection from the dreaded degenerative brain disease.

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Expanding the genetic code with quadruplet codons

Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance.

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What are ideal blood sugar levels for preventing repeat strokes, heart attacks?

Blood sugar control has always been important for people with diabetes when it comes to preventing a stroke. But a new study finds for people with diabetes who have a stroke, there may be an ideal target blood sugar range to lower the risk of different types of vascular diseases like a stroke or heart attack later on.

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European fishing communities face their own specific climate risks

Of all European fisheries and coastal communities, the ones in the UK and the Eastern Mediterranean have the highest risk of being affected by climate change. To reduce climate risks, researchers are advising regional policy makers to focus on sustainable and diverse fisheries management.

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Wiggling worms suggest link between vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's

Worms lose their wiggle when they get Alzheimer's disease, but researchers found that worms fed a diet of E. coli with higher levels of vitamin B12 were given a layer of protection from the dreaded degenerative brain disease.

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Expanding the genetic code with quadruplet codons

Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3umAloU

What are ideal blood sugar levels for preventing repeat strokes, heart attacks?

Blood sugar control has always been important for people with diabetes when it comes to preventing a stroke. But a new study finds for people with diabetes who have a stroke, there may be an ideal target blood sugar range to lower the risk of different types of vascular diseases like a stroke or heart attack later on.

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Correlated electrons ‘tango’ in a perovskite oxide at the extreme quantum limit

Scientists have found a rare quantum material in which electrons move in coordinated ways, essentially 'dancing.' Straining the material creates an electronic band structure that sets the stage for exotic, more tightly correlated behavior -- akin to tangoing -- among Dirac electrons, which are especially mobile electric charge carriers that may someday enable faster transistors.

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Glioma subtype may hold the secret to the success of immunotherapies

A common mutation in gliomas sensitizes them to immunotherapy, a finding which researchers believe could have broader therapeutic implications for all glioma patients.

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Extending LIGO's reach into the cosmos

New mirror coatings will increase the volume of space LIGO can probe in its next run.

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Glioma subtype may hold the secret to the success of immunotherapies

A common mutation in gliomas sensitizes them to immunotherapy, a finding which researchers believe could have broader therapeutic implications for all glioma patients.

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Exoskeleton research demonstrates the importance of training

New research shows that the benefits people could reap from exoskeletons rely heavily on having time to train with the device.

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Strict lineage tracing crucial to nerve cell regeneration research

Stem cell scientists find that stringent lineage tracing is crucial for studies of nerve cell regeneration.

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Team rewires a behavioral circuit in the worm using hydra parts

New research highlights the development of HySyn, a system designed to synthetically reconnect neural circuits using neuropeptides from Hydra, a small, freshwater organism, into the model organism C. elegans.

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Clover growth in Mars-like soils boosted by bacterial symbiosis

Clover plants grown in Mars-like soils experience significantly more growth when inoculated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria than when left uninoculated, researchers report.

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Exoskeleton research demonstrates the importance of training

New research shows that the benefits people could reap from exoskeletons rely heavily on having time to train with the device.

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Strikingly simple means of diagnosing ecosystem health uncovered

Scientists say the health of a terrestrial ecosystem can be largely determined by three variables: vegetations' ability to uptake carbon, its efficiency in using carbon and its efficiency in using water.

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Strict lineage tracing crucial to nerve cell regeneration research

Stem cell scientists find that stringent lineage tracing is crucial for studies of nerve cell regeneration.

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Back pain: Psychological treatment shown to yield strong, lasting pain relief, alter brain networks

A study of chronic back pain patients finds that more than two-thirds of those who underwent a novel, 4-week psychological treatment were pain-free or nearly pain-free afterward. Those in the treatment group also saw brain regions involved in pain processing quiet. For many, the benefits lasted at least one year.

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'Is that a bacon sandwich?' Fruit flies react to smells while asleep

Researchers have tracked flies' ability to interpret information while asleep, showing which parts of the brain remain 'awake'.

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AI-driven dynamic face mask adapts to exercise, pollution levels

Researchers have developed a dynamic respirator that modulates its pore size in response to changing conditions, such as exercise or air pollution levels, allowing the wearer to breathe easier when the highest levels of filtration are not required.

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Past suffering can affect future praise

Researchers have discovered that people tend to give more praise to someone for their good deeds as an adult after discovering that person has also had to overcome adversity or suffering earlier in life, such as abuse and neglect as a child.

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Reducing salt in bread without sacrificing taste

Most people in the U.S. consume too much salt; adult Americans typically eat twice the daily amount recommended by dietary guidelines. Bread may not seem like an obvious culprit; however, due to high consumption and relatively high salt content, baked goods are a major source of sodium in the diet. A new study from the explores ways to reduce sodium in bread without sacrificing taste and leavening ability.

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Researchers identify mutations of Delta, Delta Plus variants

Using bioinformatics tools and programming, researchers identified five specific mutations that are far more prevalent in Delta Plus infections compared to Delta infections, including one mutation, K417N, that is present in all Delta Plus infections but not present in nearly any Delta infections. The findings provide important clues to researchers about the structural changes to the virus recently and highlight the need to expand the toolbox in the fight against COVID-19.

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Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads

Engineers developed a technique that allows them to measure the generation rate and half-life of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice.

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Magnetic stimulation of the brain can improve episodic memory, study finds

The ability to form episodic memories declines with age, certain dementias, and brain injury. However, a new study shows that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered over the left prefrontal cortex of the brain can improve memory performance by reducing the power of low frequency brain waves as memories form.

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Elephants strive to cooperate with allies, until the stakes get too high

Asian elephants are keen to cooperate with friends and have evolved strategies to mitigate competition in their social groups, but cooperation breaks down when food resources are limited, according to new research. The study sheds light on the evolution of cooperative behavior in mammals.

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AI may predict the next virus to jump from animals to humans

A new study suggests that machine learning using viral genomes may predict the likelihood that any animal-infecting virus will infect humans, given biologically relevant exposure.

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Seven symptoms jointly predict COVID-19 diagnosis, study finds

A set of 7 symptoms, considered together, can be used to maximize detection of COVID-19 in the community, according to researchers.

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Researchers identify mutations of Delta, Delta Plus variants

Using bioinformatics tools and programming, researchers identified five specific mutations that are far more prevalent in Delta Plus infections compared to Delta infections, including one mutation, K417N, that is present in all Delta Plus infections but not present in nearly any Delta infections. The findings provide important clues to researchers about the structural changes to the virus recently and highlight the need to expand the toolbox in the fight against COVID-19.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ma378y

Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads

Engineers developed a technique that allows them to measure the generation rate and half-life of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3AR1rqQ

Magnetic stimulation of the brain can improve episodic memory, study finds

The ability to form episodic memories declines with age, certain dementias, and brain injury. However, a new study shows that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered over the left prefrontal cortex of the brain can improve memory performance by reducing the power of low frequency brain waves as memories form.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3uiupgR

AI may predict the next virus to jump from animals to humans

A new study suggests that machine learning using viral genomes may predict the likelihood that any animal-infecting virus will infect humans, given biologically relevant exposure.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ihXN21

Seven symptoms jointly predict COVID-19 diagnosis, study finds

A set of 7 symptoms, considered together, can be used to maximize detection of COVID-19 in the community, according to researchers.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ARIIeP

Liquid metal coating creates effective antiviral, antimicrobial fabric

Researchers used liquid gallium to create an antiviral and antimicrobial coating and tested it on a range of fabrics, including face masks. The coating adhered more strongly to fabric than some conventional metal coatings, and eradicated 99% of several common pathogens within five minutes.

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Living retina achieves sensitivity and efficiency engineers can only dream about

'Efficient coding theory' describes the most perfect, low-energy way to design a light-detecting device for a future camera or prosthetic retina. Or you could just look at a mammalian retina that's already organized this way. In a pair of papers on retinal structure, a team of neurobiologists has shown that the rigors of natural selection and evolution shaped our retinas to capture noisy data just as this theory of optimization would prescribe.

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‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working

A new research study turns cancer scientists into molecular detectives, searching for clues for why certain cancers are able to spread and evolve by studying tissues collected within hours of death.

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Intense workouts before bedtime won’t guarantee a good night’s rest, new research shows

A new meta-analysis assessed data from 15 published studies to see how a single session of intense exercise affects young and middle-aged healthy adults in the hours prior to bedtime. And while no two bodies are the same, the researchers did find that the combination of factors would interact to enhance or modulate the effects of exercise on sleep.

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Living retina achieves sensitivity and efficiency engineers can only dream about

'Efficient coding theory' describes the most perfect, low-energy way to design a light-detecting device for a future camera or prosthetic retina. Or you could just look at a mammalian retina that's already organized this way. In a pair of papers on retinal structure, a team of neurobiologists has shown that the rigors of natural selection and evolution shaped our retinas to capture noisy data just as this theory of optimization would prescribe.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EY3hsr

‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working

A new research study turns cancer scientists into molecular detectives, searching for clues for why certain cancers are able to spread and evolve by studying tissues collected within hours of death.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2Y7tzYC

Intense workouts before bedtime won’t guarantee a good night’s rest, new research shows

A new meta-analysis assessed data from 15 published studies to see how a single session of intense exercise affects young and middle-aged healthy adults in the hours prior to bedtime. And while no two bodies are the same, the researchers did find that the combination of factors would interact to enhance or modulate the effects of exercise on sleep.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3CTvoXJ

Happiness in early adulthood may protect against dementia

While research has shown that poor cardiovascular health can damage blood flow to the brain increasing the risk for dementia, a new study indicates that poor mental health may also take its toll on cognition.

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Happiness in early adulthood may protect against dementia

While research has shown that poor cardiovascular health can damage blood flow to the brain increasing the risk for dementia, a new study indicates that poor mental health may also take its toll on cognition.

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Case of anthrax in wildlife in the Namib Desert: Infected zebra most likely causes death of three cheetahs

Anthrax is an infectious bacterial disease endemic in some parts of Africa. It affects people, livestock as well as wildlife. Using GPS telemetry data, a team of scientists reconstructed a special case of anthrax infection in Namibia: Three free-ranging cheetahs in the Namib Desert died within 24 hours after feeding on a mountain zebra that tested positive for the disease. The zebra is the first described case of a wild animal infected with anthrax in this arid region. The case also shows that there might be previously unknown risks to cheetah populations in the desert.

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Amazonian protected areas benefit both people and biodiversity

Highly positive social outcomes are linked to biodiversity efforts in Amazonian Sustainable-Use Protected Areas, according to new research. The study investigated the social consequences of living both inside and outside Sustainable-Use Protected Areas containing aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in Brazil's state of Amazonas. Researchers used data from more than 80 local semi-subsistence communities along a 2,000-km section of the Juruá River, the second-longest tributary of the Amazon River.

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Late Pleistocene humans may have hatched and raised cassowary chicks

As early as 18,000 years ago, humans in New Guinea may have collected cassowary eggs near maturity and then raised the birds to adulthood, according to an international team of scientists, who used eggshells to determine the developmental stage of the ancient embryos/chicks when the eggs cracked.

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N95 respirators could offer robust protection from wildfire smoke

N95 respirators offer the best protection against wildfire smoke and other types of air pollution, performing better than synthetic, cotton and surgical masks. N95s were so effective in the lab experiments that the researchers estimate their widespread use could reduce hospital visits attributable to wildfire smoke by 22% to 39%.

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Withdrawal from psychostimulants restructures functional architecture of brain

Researchers describe how withdrawal from nicotine, methamphetamine and cocaine alters the functional architecture and patterns in the brains of mice, compared to control animals, a key to developing addiction treatments.

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Drugs used by some Type 2 diabetics may lessen risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, study suggests

A type of drug already used to treat obesity and Type 2 diabetes, when taken six months prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19, was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization, respiratory complications and death in COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes, according to researchers.

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N95 respirators could offer robust protection from wildfire smoke

N95 respirators offer the best protection against wildfire smoke and other types of air pollution, performing better than synthetic, cotton and surgical masks. N95s were so effective in the lab experiments that the researchers estimate their widespread use could reduce hospital visits attributable to wildfire smoke by 22% to 39%.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3kHrXxc

Withdrawal from psychostimulants restructures functional architecture of brain

Researchers describe how withdrawal from nicotine, methamphetamine and cocaine alters the functional architecture and patterns in the brains of mice, compared to control animals, a key to developing addiction treatments.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3AHukWl

Drugs used by some Type 2 diabetics may lessen risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, study suggests

A type of drug already used to treat obesity and Type 2 diabetes, when taken six months prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19, was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization, respiratory complications and death in COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes, according to researchers.

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Unusual visual examination of objects may indicate later autism diagnosis in infants

A new study suggests that unusual visual inspection of objects may precede the development of the social symptoms that are characteristic of autism syndrome disorder.

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New potential factor contributing to severity of COVID-19 identified

Researchers have identified a protein that may critically contribute to severe forms of COVID-19.

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Benefits of early intervention in autoimmune diseases

Complex autoimmune diseases affecting various organ systems remain one of the greatest medical challenges in spite of immense advances in treatment. In particular, the diffuse symptoms at the early stage of complex autoimmune diseases make it hard to diagnose the condition early on, which in turn delays treatment. A team of researchers has now demonstrated that treatment can be extremely effective if autoimmune diseases are treated as early as possible, even before the first clinical symptoms appear.

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Detecting dementia in the blood

Researchers want to image proteins with unprecedented precision -- and thus gain insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's. This should pave the way for an earlier diagnosis of the dementia disorder via a simple blood test. A successful pilot study has now been completed.

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Record in materials research: X-ray microscopy with 1000 tomograms per second

Tomoscopy is an imaging method in which three-dimensional images of the inside of materials are calculated in rapid succession. Now a team has achieved a new record: with 1000 tomograms per second, it is now possible to non-destructively document very fast processes and developments in materials on the micrometer scale, such as the burning of a sparkler or the foaming of a metal alloy for the production of stable lightweight materials.

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Shrinking waveforms on electrocardiograms predict worsening health and death of hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza patients

Specific and dynamic changes on electrocardiograms (EKGs) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or influenza can help predict a timeframe for worsening health and death, according to a new study.

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Unusual visual examination of objects may indicate later autism diagnosis in infants

A new study suggests that unusual visual inspection of objects may precede the development of the social symptoms that are characteristic of autism syndrome disorder.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ANjPRq

Benefits of early intervention in autoimmune diseases

Complex autoimmune diseases affecting various organ systems remain one of the greatest medical challenges in spite of immense advances in treatment. In particular, the diffuse symptoms at the early stage of complex autoimmune diseases make it hard to diagnose the condition early on, which in turn delays treatment. A team of researchers has now demonstrated that treatment can be extremely effective if autoimmune diseases are treated as early as possible, even before the first clinical symptoms appear.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2Zs2EqC

Detecting dementia in the blood

Researchers want to image proteins with unprecedented precision -- and thus gain insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's. This should pave the way for an earlier diagnosis of the dementia disorder via a simple blood test. A successful pilot study has now been completed.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3zJ0U8V

Discovery of mechanics of drug targets for COVID-19

Researchers have discovered the working mechanism of potential drug targets for various diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and even COVID-19. The findings uncover the inner workings of cell receptors that are involved in cancer progression and inflammatory diseases.

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A 3D-printed vaccine patch offers vaccination without a shot

Scientists have created a 3D-printed vaccine patch that provides greater protection than a typical vaccine shot.

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Shrinking waveforms on electrocardiograms predict worsening health and death of hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza patients

Specific and dynamic changes on electrocardiograms (EKGs) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or influenza can help predict a timeframe for worsening health and death, according to a new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3zLjj54

Discovery of mechanics of drug targets for COVID-19

Researchers have discovered the working mechanism of potential drug targets for various diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and even COVID-19. The findings uncover the inner workings of cell receptors that are involved in cancer progression and inflammatory diseases.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3och0FX

A 3D-printed vaccine patch offers vaccination without a shot

Scientists have created a 3D-printed vaccine patch that provides greater protection than a typical vaccine shot.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ukFzS7

Watching SARS-CoV-2 spread in animal models in real time

New 'reporter viruses' developed by researchers make it much easier to observe SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in cells and live animals in the lab, enabling faster screening of potential anti-viral drugs, vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.

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COVID-19 pandemic has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since World War II, study finds

A dataset on mortality from 29 countries, spanning most of Europe, the United States and Chile, found that 27 countries saw reductions in life expectancy in 2020, and at a scale which wiped out years of progress on mortality. The large declines in life expectancy in the U.S. can partly be explained by the notable increase in mortality at working ages observed in 2020.

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Reducing tropical cyclone impacts: The double benefit of climate protection through both limiting and delaying global warming

Increasing global warming from currently one to two degrees Celsius by mid-century might lead to about 25 percent more people put at risk by tropical cyclones, a new study finds. Already today, hurricanes and typhoons are among the most destructive natural disasters worldwide and potentially threaten about 150 million people each year. Adding to climate change, population growth further drives tropical cyclone exposure, especially in coastal areas of East African countries and the United States. Considering the joint impact of climate change and population growth provides an untapped potential to protect a changing world population.

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Ultrathin quantum dot LED that can be folded freely as paper

Scientists have unveiled an ultrathin quantum dot LED that can be folded as freely as paper. The new device can be folded into complex 3D structures such as butterflies, airplanes, and pyramids.

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COVID-19 pandemic has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since World War II, study finds

A dataset on mortality from 29 countries, spanning most of Europe, the United States and Chile, found that 27 countries saw reductions in life expectancy in 2020, and at a scale which wiped out years of progress on mortality. The large declines in life expectancy in the U.S. can partly be explained by the notable increase in mortality at working ages observed in 2020.

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Finger tracing enhances learning: Evidence for 100-year-old practice used by Montessori

A practice used by education pioneer Montessori in the early 1900s has received further validation, with studies showing that finger tracing makes learning easier and more motivating. Imagining an object after tracing it can generate even faster learning, for children and adults alike.

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Hungry or full: It comes down to the atomic details

A protein - measuring just a few nanometers in size - acts as a molecular switch with a crucial role in determining whether we feel hungry or full. By determining of the protein's 3D structure, researchers were able to visualize the molecular structures of the hormones with which this protein -- melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) -- interacts.

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Taking the guesswork out of genetic engineering

If necessity is the mother of invention, frustration is the father. When scientists kept running into aggravating problems with the existing tools and methods they were using to perform genetic engineering experiments, they decided to make better ones. They teamed up and created an integrated pipeline called STAMPScreen that combines novel algorithms, a new gene cloning technique, and powerful next-generation sequencing technology to help scientists get from a database to results quickly, easily, and frustration-free.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2Y3CQAW

Finger tracing enhances learning: Evidence for 100-year-old practice used by Montessori

A practice used by education pioneer Montessori in the early 1900s has received further validation, with studies showing that finger tracing makes learning easier and more motivating. Imagining an object after tracing it can generate even faster learning, for children and adults alike.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EX5UdN

Hyena scavenging provides public health and economic benefits to African cities

Hyenas are frequently vilified and often feared. Hemingway once described the hyena as a stinking, foul devourer of the dead, with jaws that crack the bones the lion leaves.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WjyoNC

Hungry or full: It comes down to the atomic details

A protein - measuring just a few nanometers in size - acts as a molecular switch with a crucial role in determining whether we feel hungry or full. By determining of the protein's 3D structure, researchers were able to visualize the molecular structures of the hormones with which this protein -- melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) -- interacts.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3CVPEbv

When accidents happen, drones weigh their options

Flying cars, drones, and other urban aerial mobility vehicles have real potential to provide efficient transportation and delivery solutions, but what happens if a drone delivering cheeseburgers breaks down over a city park or in the middle of a crowded street? Researchers developed a method to measure vehicles' ability to recover and complete its mission safely.

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Taking the guesswork out of genetic engineering

If necessity is the mother of invention, frustration is the father. When scientists kept running into aggravating problems with the existing tools and methods they were using to perform genetic engineering experiments, they decided to make better ones. They teamed up and created an integrated pipeline called STAMPScreen that combines novel algorithms, a new gene cloning technique, and powerful next-generation sequencing technology to help scientists get from a database to results quickly, easily, and frustration-free.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2Y3CQAW

Learning helps tobacco hawkmoths to select a nectar source and oviposition site more efficiently

Researchers have gained new insights into the learning ability of tobacco hawkmoths. In two recent publications, they report that learning odors does not only play a role in foraging, but that female moths are also influenced by previously learned odors when choosing a host plant to lay their eggs. In this context, a single deposited egg on a certain plant is sufficient for the moth's choice to visit the same plant species again even after 24 hours. In contrast, the moth's second nose, the tip of the proboscis on which olfactory sensory cells have also been identified, does not appear to play a role in learning odors and making odor-guided foraging decisions. The results provide clues to the adaptability of these insects to their environment.

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This is what it looks like when a black hole snacks on a star

Analyzing observations of an X-ray flare and fitting the data with theoretical models, astronomers documented a fatal encounter between an unlucky star and a black hole.

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Spouses really are together in sickness and in health suggests new study

Examining spouses from Japan and the Netherlands, a new study suggests that couples have a high degree of commonality in body shape, blood pressure, and even incidences of some diseases.

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Spouses really are together in sickness and in health suggests new study

Examining spouses from Japan and the Netherlands, a new study suggests that couples have a high degree of commonality in body shape, blood pressure, and even incidences of some diseases.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3uh2L3M

Healthy changes in diet, activity improved treatment-resistant high blood pressure

A healthy eating plan, weight loss and improved aerobic fitness can significantly reduce blood pressure and improve heart health in people with resistant hypertension -- a condition in which blood pressure remains high despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications.

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Healthy changes in diet, activity improved treatment-resistant high blood pressure

A healthy eating plan, weight loss and improved aerobic fitness can significantly reduce blood pressure and improve heart health in people with resistant hypertension -- a condition in which blood pressure remains high despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications.

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‘Back to basics’ approach helps unravel new phase of matter

A new phase of matter, thought to be understandable only using quantum physics, can be studied with far simpler classical methods.

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Smartphone sensor data has potential to detect cannabis intoxication

A smartphone sensor, much like what is used in GPS systems, might be a way to determine whether or not someone is intoxicated after consuming marijuana, according to a new study.

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Smartphone sensor data has potential to detect cannabis intoxication

A smartphone sensor, much like what is used in GPS systems, might be a way to determine whether or not someone is intoxicated after consuming marijuana, according to a new study.

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New technique speeds measurement of ultrafast pulses

Researchers have developed a time-domain single-pixel imaging technique to speed the measurement of ultrafast pulses in infrared and far infrared wavelengths.

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In the race to reduce car emissions, don't forget longevity

The debate on green vehicles often focuses on fuel efficiency and alternative fuels, with the transition to fuel alternatives commonly being considered better for the environment the faster it is. A new study shows that keeping and using existing fuel-efficient cars a little longer can actually reduce CO? emissions even with gasoline cars. Thus, a gradual transition and policies that encourage a change in consumption patterns are also key for reducing overall emissions.

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Machine learning uncovers 'genes of importance' in agriculture and medicine

Machine learning can pinpoint 'genes of importance' that help crops to grow with less fertilizer, according to a new study. It can also predict additional traits in plants and disease outcomes in animals, illustrating its applications beyond agriculture.

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Researchers develop new method for detecting superfluid motion

Researchers are part of a new study that could help unlock the potential of superfluids -- essentially frictionless special substances capable of unstopped motion once initiated.

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When it comes to communication skills, maybe we’re born with it?

A neuroscientist and speech pathologist, led a study that uncovered how neural networks in infants influence their language learning skills in early childhood.

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When it comes to communication skills, maybe we’re born with it?

A neuroscientist and speech pathologist, led a study that uncovered how neural networks in infants influence their language learning skills in early childhood.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3CK7qyd

In a gene tied to growth, scientists see glimmers of human history

A new study delves into the evolution and function of the human growth hormone receptor gene, and asks what forces in humanity's past may have driven changes to this vital piece of DNA.

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Guiding microbes along their path

The direction of movement of a microbe directly depends on the curvature of its environment, according to new findings. The researchers investigated the navigation of a model microbe, a small self-propelling microalga, in confined compartments with different shapes. They also developed theoretical models to predict the probability flux of that microswimmer which was confirmed by experiments. With this model available, it is now possible to pre-define the average trajectory of such microbes by manipulating the curvature of the compartments which directly affects their movement.

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3D nano-inks push industry boundaries

A new, 3D-printable polymer nanocomposite ink developed by engineers has incredible properties like conducting electricity and high tensile strength -- and many applications in aerospace, medicine and electronics.

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The origin and legacy of the Etruscans

Researchers present comprehensive ancient DNA data retrieved from peoples culturally affiliated with the iconic Etruscans, settling a long-lasting debate on the origins of this highly skilled and enigmatic culture.

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In a gene tied to growth, scientists see glimmers of human history

A new study delves into the evolution and function of the human growth hormone receptor gene, and asks what forces in humanity's past may have driven changes to this vital piece of DNA.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3u8E49u

Guiding microbes along their path

The direction of movement of a microbe directly depends on the curvature of its environment, according to new findings. The researchers investigated the navigation of a model microbe, a small self-propelling microalga, in confined compartments with different shapes. They also developed theoretical models to predict the probability flux of that microswimmer which was confirmed by experiments. With this model available, it is now possible to pre-define the average trajectory of such microbes by manipulating the curvature of the compartments which directly affects their movement.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3kFVc3o

Insights from our genome and epigenome will help prevent, diagnose and treat cancer

In 2020, an estimated 10 million people lost their lives to cancer. This devastating disease is underpinned by changes to our DNA – the instruction manual for all our cells.

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Gamma rays and neutrinos from mellow supermassive black holes

The Universe is filled with energetic particles, such as X rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos. However, most of the high-energy cosmic particles' origins remain unexplained.

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Insights from our genome and epigenome will help prevent, diagnose and treat cancer

In 2020, an estimated 10 million people lost their lives to cancer. This devastating disease is underpinned by changes to our DNA – the instruction manual for all our cells.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3zGFU2u

Novel small molecule potently attenuates neuroinflammation in brain and glial cells

In a preclinical study show that their small molecule drug, SRI-42127, can potently attenuate the triggers of neuroinflammation. These experiments in glial cell cultures and mice now open the door to testing SRI-42127 in models of acute and chronic neurological injury.

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Scientists develop artificial intelligence method to predict anti-cancer immunity

Researchers and data scientists have developed an artificial intelligence technique that can identify which cell surface peptides produced by cancer cells called neoantigens are recognized by the immune system.

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Mapping words to colors

While the range of colors your eyes may perceive extends beyond the words language provides, languages around the globe are remarkably similar in how they partition the space of colors into a vocabulary. Yet differences exist. In a study examining 130 diverse languages around the world, researchers developed an algorithm to infer the communicative needs that different linguistic communities place on colors.

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An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance

Cancer cells proliferate despite a myriad of stresses -- from oxygen deprivation to chemotherapy -- that would kill any ordinary cell. Now, researchers have gained insight into how they may be doing this through the downstream activity of a powerful estrogen receptor. The discovery offers clues to overcoming resistance to therapies like tamoxifen that are used in many types of breast cancer.

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How tactile vibrations create illusions

Among the traditional five human senses, touch is perhaps the least studied. Yet, it is solicited everywhere, all the time, and even more so in recent years with the widespread daily use of electronic devices that emit vibrations. Indeed, any moving object transmits oscillatory signals that propagate through solid substrates. Our body detects them by means of mechanoreceptors located below the skin and transmits the information to the brain similarly to auditory, olfactory or visual stimuli. By studying how mice and humans perceive tactile vibrations, researchers discovered that the brain does not reliably perceive the frequency of a vibration when its amplitude varies. An illusory phenomenon is thereby created, which highlights how far our perception of the world around us can deviate from its physical reality.

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Intensified water cycle slows down global warming

A new study shows that the intensification of global hydrological cycle drives more ocean heat uptake into the deep ocean and moderates the pace of global warming.

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How do migraines affect the sleep cycle?

Adults and children with migraines may get less quality, REM sleep time than people who don't have migraines. That's according to a meta-analysis. Children with migraines were also found to get less total sleep time than their healthy peers but took less time to fall asleep.

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Adults with neurologic conditions more likely to have experienced childhood trauma

Adults with neurologic conditions are more likely than the general population to have had adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction, according to a new study. The study does not prove that neurologic conditions are caused by such experiences. It only shows an association between the two.

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An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance

Cancer cells proliferate despite a myriad of stresses -- from oxygen deprivation to chemotherapy -- that would kill any ordinary cell. Now, researchers have gained insight into how they may be doing this through the downstream activity of a powerful estrogen receptor. The discovery offers clues to overcoming resistance to therapies like tamoxifen that are used in many types of breast cancer.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o3nhUA

How tactile vibrations create illusions

Among the traditional five human senses, touch is perhaps the least studied. Yet, it is solicited everywhere, all the time, and even more so in recent years with the widespread daily use of electronic devices that emit vibrations. Indeed, any moving object transmits oscillatory signals that propagate through solid substrates. Our body detects them by means of mechanoreceptors located below the skin and transmits the information to the brain similarly to auditory, olfactory or visual stimuli. By studying how mice and humans perceive tactile vibrations, researchers discovered that the brain does not reliably perceive the frequency of a vibration when its amplitude varies. An illusory phenomenon is thereby created, which highlights how far our perception of the world around us can deviate from its physical reality.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EL4MKq

How do migraines affect the sleep cycle?

Adults and children with migraines may get less quality, REM sleep time than people who don't have migraines. That's according to a meta-analysis. Children with migraines were also found to get less total sleep time than their healthy peers but took less time to fall asleep.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EPtetU

Adults with neurologic conditions more likely to have experienced childhood trauma

Adults with neurologic conditions are more likely than the general population to have had adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction, according to a new study. The study does not prove that neurologic conditions are caused by such experiences. It only shows an association between the two.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3kz3Xwb

Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song

Researchers can predict what syllables a bird will sing -- and when it will sing them -- by reading electrical signals in its brain, reports a new study. The work is an early step toward building vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak.

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Carbon dioxide reactor makes 'Martian fuel'

Engineers are developing new ways to convert greenhouse gases to fuel to address climate change and get astronauts home from Mars.

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Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song

Researchers can predict what syllables a bird will sing -- and when it will sing them -- by reading electrical signals in its brain, reports a new study. The work is an early step toward building vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o7zx6x

Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion

When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage. Scientists have now shown that this facilitates the spread of cancer cells in breast tumors.

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Child abuse and neglect linked to early death in adulthood

A new study found that adults who reported experiencing sexual abuse by the age of 16 had a 2.6 times higher risk of dying in middle age -- that is, between 45 and 58 -- than those who did not report sexual abuse.

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Ancient DNA analysis sheds light on dark event in medieval Spain

Researchers used ancient DNA analysis to identify a member of a population expelled from medieval Spain known as the 'Segorbe Giant'. The results have shed light on the brutal political decision that led to a dramatic change in population following the Christian reconquest of Spain.

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Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified

Researchers have discovered how Rift Valley fever virus enters cells, pointing the way to new therapies to treat deadly Rift Valley fever.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EOLpQq

Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion

When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage. Scientists have now shown that this facilitates the spread of cancer cells in breast tumors.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3u85M6z

Child abuse and neglect linked to early death in adulthood

A new study found that adults who reported experiencing sexual abuse by the age of 16 had a 2.6 times higher risk of dying in middle age -- that is, between 45 and 58 -- than those who did not report sexual abuse.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o756gN

Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified

Researchers have discovered how Rift Valley fever virus enters cells, pointing the way to new therapies to treat deadly Rift Valley fever.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EOLpQq

Wind energy can deliver vital slash to global warming

Implementing advance wind energy scenarios could achieve a reduction in global warming atmospheric average temperatures of 0.3 to 0.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, according to new research.

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'Second-hand' psychological stress can lead to depression in mice, finds study

Few studies have explored the effect of psychological stressors on behavior, and neurogenesis, in the context of depression. With the elucidation of a vicarious social defeat stress mouse model, scientists have successfully endeavored in connecting the dots between psychological stress and depression.

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Those earrings are so last year – but the reason you're wearing them is ancient

Shell beads found in a cave in Morocco are at least 142,000 years old. The archaeologists who found them say they're the earliest known evidence of a widespread form of human communication.

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'Second-hand' psychological stress can lead to depression in mice, finds study

Few studies have explored the effect of psychological stressors on behavior, and neurogenesis, in the context of depression. With the elucidation of a vicarious social defeat stress mouse model, scientists have successfully endeavored in connecting the dots between psychological stress and depression.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/39usXhM

Sticking to low-fat dairy may not be the only heart healthy option, study shows

New research amongst the world's biggest consumers of dairy foods has shown that those with higher intakes of dairy fat - measured by levels of fatty acids in the blood - had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those with low intakes. Higher intakes of dairy fat were not associated with an increased risk of death.

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New guidelines to improve reporting standards of studies that investigate causal mechanisms

A new guideline has been developed to help scientists publish their research accurately and transparently. The AGReMA Statement (A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses) provides recommendations for researchers who want to describe mediation analysis in their paper. Mediation analysis is primarily used to understand causation, ie how an intervention works or why it does not.

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Pioneering software can grow and treat virtual tumors using AI designed nanoparticles

The EVONANO platform allows scientists to grow virtual tumors and use artificial intelligence to automatically optimize the design of nanoparticles to treat them. The ability to grow and treat virtual tumors is an important step towards developing new therapies for cancer. Importantly, scientists can use virtual tumors to optimize design of nanoparticle-based drugs before they are tested in the laboratory or patients.

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Early Homo sapiens groups in Europe faced subarctic climates

Using oxygen stable isotope analysis of tooth enamel from animals butchered by humans at the site of Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, researchers show that human groups belonging to an early wave of dispersal of our species into Europe were faced with very cold climatic conditions while they occupied the cave between about 46,000 and 43,000 years ago. Archaeological remains at Bacho Kiro Cave currently represent the oldest known remnants of Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens in Europe, and thus open a unique window into the time when our species started to move out of the Levant and establish itself across the mid latitudes of Eurasia as part of an archaeological phenomenon called the Initial Upper Palaeolithic.

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New research 'sniffs out' how associative memories are formed

Has the scent of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies ever taken you back to afternoons at your grandmother's house? Has an old song ever brought back memories of a first date? The ability to remember relationships between unrelated items (an odor and a location, a song and an event) is known as associative memory.

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Engineers discover way to turn organic waste into renewable biofuel additives using radiation

The renewable proportion of petrol is set to increase to 20 per cent over the coming years, meaning the discovery of a new production pathway for these additives could help in the fight to cut carbon dioxide emissions and tackle climate change. Engineers propose a process to generate one such additive, solketal, using waste from both biochemical and nuclear industries -- termed a nuclear biorefinery.

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Poorly circulated room air raises potential exposure to contaminants by up to six times

Having good room ventilation to dilute and disperse indoor air pollutants has long been recognized, and with the COVID-19 pandemic its importance has become all the more heightened. But new experiments show that certain circumstances will result in poor mixing of room air, meaning airborne contaminants may not be effectively dispersed and removed by building level ventilation.

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Quantum cryptography Records with Higher-Dimensional Photons

A new and much faster quantum cryptography protocol has been developed: Usually, quantum cryptography is done with photons that can be in two different states. Using eight different states, cryptographic keys can be generated much faster and with much more robustness against interference.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3lQMjTT

New research 'sniffs out' how associative memories are formed

Has the scent of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies ever taken you back to afternoons at your grandmother's house? Has an old song ever brought back memories of a first date? The ability to remember relationships between unrelated items (an odor and a location, a song and an event) is known as associative memory.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3lP7mpZ

Poorly circulated room air raises potential exposure to contaminants by up to six times

Having good room ventilation to dilute and disperse indoor air pollutants has long been recognized, and with the COVID-19 pandemic its importance has become all the more heightened. But new experiments show that certain circumstances will result in poor mixing of room air, meaning airborne contaminants may not be effectively dispersed and removed by building level ventilation.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2XKijRU

Genetic regulation of blood cells: Proximity of a gene to a genetic change plays an important role

Researchers have gained significant new insight into the genetic regulation of blood cells. They achieved this by analyzing a dataset that included more than 31,000 study participants, to date the largest dataset of its kind.

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Dog parasite is developing resistance to treatments

Right now, U.S. veterinarians rely on three types of drugs to kill the hookworms, but the parasites appear to becoming resistant to all of them. Dog hookworms can also infect humans.

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An experimental loop for simulating nuclear reactors in space

Nuclear thermal propulsion, which uses heat from nuclear reactions as fuel, could be used one day in human spaceflight, possibly even for missions to Mars. Its development, however, poses a challenge. The materials used must be able to withstand high heat and bombardment of high-energy particles on a regular basis. A nuclear engineering doctoral student is contributing to research that could make these advancements more feasible.

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Functioning of terrestrial ecosystems is governed by three main factors

A large international research team has identified three key indicators that together summarize the integrative function of terrestrial ecosystems: 1. the capacity to maximize primary productivity, 2. the efficiency of using water, and 3. the efficiency of using carbon. The monitoring of these key indicators will allow a description of ecosystem function that shapes the ability to adapt, survive and thrive in response to climatic and environmental changes.

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Global cancer risk from burning organic matter comes from unregulated chemicals

Scientists have found that benzo(a)pyrene, traditionally measured to gauge risk of developing cancer from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a poor proxy for this type of cancer risk.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2XGVFcJ

Genetic regulation of blood cells: Proximity of a gene to a genetic change plays an important role

Researchers have gained significant new insight into the genetic regulation of blood cells. They achieved this by analyzing a dataset that included more than 31,000 study participants, to date the largest dataset of its kind.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nZgJpF

Global cancer risk from burning organic matter comes from unregulated chemicals

Scientists have found that benzo(a)pyrene, traditionally measured to gauge risk of developing cancer from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a poor proxy for this type of cancer risk.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2XGVFcJ

Is your child a fussy eater?

New research is providing a better understanding of what influences fussy eaters, and what is more likely to increase or decrease picky eating in children under 10.

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Nasal drugs show promise for slowing Parkinson’s disease progression in lab study

Researchers have shown that two lab-developed and nasally-delivered peptides helped slow the spread of alpha-synuclein in mice. 'If these results can be replicated in patients, it would be a remarkable advance in the treatment of devastating neurological disorders,' says the lead author.

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MIND diet linked to better cognitive performance

Researchers have found that older adults may benefit from a specific diet called the MIND diet even when they develop these protein deposits, known as amyloid plaques and tangles.

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Is your child a fussy eater?

New research is providing a better understanding of what influences fussy eaters, and what is more likely to increase or decrease picky eating in children under 10.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ielCI7

Nasal drugs show promise for slowing Parkinson’s disease progression in lab study

Researchers have shown that two lab-developed and nasally-delivered peptides helped slow the spread of alpha-synuclein in mice. 'If these results can be replicated in patients, it would be a remarkable advance in the treatment of devastating neurological disorders,' says the lead author.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3zAVugo

Engineering researchers develop new explanation for formation of vortices in 2D superfluid

Researchers have new insight about the formation of vortices in a type of quantum fluid, work that could help our comprehension of the physics mystery of how vortex clusters form and provide valuable understanding into the atmospheric swirling motion on planets such as Earth and Jupiter.

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Roman-era mixers and millstones made with geology in mind

A study on stone tools from an outpost of the Roman Empire has found that for ancient bakers and millers, having the right tools was a matter of geology.

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Our eyes and brain work together to create a ‘pipeline’ of meaning – new study

Humans read by 'pre-processing' written words to create a pipeline of meaning, according to new research.

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Novel method of bioprinting neuron cells

Researchers have developed a new method of bioprinting adult neuron cells. They're using a new laser-assisted technology that maintains high levels of cell viability and functionality.

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Darwin’s short-beak enigma solved

Biologists discovered that a mutation in the ROR2 gene is linked to beak size reduction in numerous breeds of domestic pigeons. Surprisingly, different mutations in ROR2 also underlie a human disorder called Robinow syndrome. The ROR2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the craniofacial development of all vertebrates.

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Our eyes and brain work together to create a ‘pipeline’ of meaning – new study

Humans read by 'pre-processing' written words to create a pipeline of meaning, according to new research.

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Records from Lake Magadi, Kenya, suggest environmental variability driven by changes in Earth’s orbit

Rift Valley lakes within eastern Africa range from freshwater to highly alkaline systems and are homes to diverse ecosystems. These Rift Valley lakes are also sedimentary repositories, yielding a high-resolution environmental record that can be targeted to better understand the environmental and climatic context of human evolution over the past few million years in eastern Africa.

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Novel method of bioprinting neuron cells

Researchers have developed a new method of bioprinting adult neuron cells. They're using a new laser-assisted technology that maintains high levels of cell viability and functionality.

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'Beach ball' representations calculated for US underground nuclear tests can aid monitoring

Researchers have calculated moment tensors for 130 underground nuclear and 10 chemical test explosions that took place at the Nevada National Security test site.

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Darwin’s short-beak enigma solved

Biologists discovered that a mutation in the ROR2 gene is linked to beak size reduction in numerous breeds of domestic pigeons. Surprisingly, different mutations in ROR2 also underlie a human disorder called Robinow syndrome. The ROR2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the craniofacial development of all vertebrates.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2XxLNlm

Right program could turn immune cells into cancer killers

Cancer-fighting immune cells in patients with lung cancer whose tumors do not respond to immunotherapies appear to be running on a different 'program' that makes them less effective than immune cells in patients whose cancers respond to these immune treatments, suggests a new study.

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Right program could turn immune cells into cancer killers

Cancer-fighting immune cells in patients with lung cancer whose tumors do not respond to immunotherapies appear to be running on a different 'program' that makes them less effective than immune cells in patients whose cancers respond to these immune treatments, suggests a new study.

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Mice’s learning skills help researchers pinpointing brain areas where acquired knowledge is stored

Is it a Rembrandt or a Vermeer? For lay people, it is often challenging to distinguish paintings by these two old masters. For the trained eye of an expert, on the other hand, it is not difficult at all. Scientists have now demonstrated that mice can also become experts in sorting images into categories. The study shows that part of the category knowledge is already present in early visual areas, highlighting how widespread such semantic memories are stored throughout the brain.

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Antibiotic levels measurable in breath

A team of engineers and biotechnologists has shown in mammals that the concentration of antibiotics in the body can be determined using breath samples. The breath measurements also corresponded to the antibiotic concentrations in the blood. The team's biosensor -- a multiplex chip that allows simultaneous measurement of several specimens and test substances -- will in future enable personalized dosing of medicines against infectious diseases on-site and help to minimize the development of resistant strains of bacteria.

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Access to essential cancer medicines unequal across countries

Patients in most countries of the world do not have access to basic cancer medicines, according to new research. Their article asked oncologists worldwide to list the most important cancer medicines and to describe whether patients could access these medicines in their home country.

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Scientists find a key to hepatitis C entry into cells

Scientists describe the structure of a key protein on the surface of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and how it interacts with its receptor found on some human cells. The findings provide new leads for developing an HCV vaccine.

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Stroke study reveals optimal timing and intensity for arm and hand rehabilitation

A phase II, randomized clinical trial found that the optimal period for intensive rehabilitation of arm and hand use after a stroke should begin 60 to 90 days after the event.

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Mars habitability limited by its small size, isotope study suggests

Researchers measured the potassium isotope compositions of Martian meteorites in order to estimate the presence, distribution, and abundance of volatile elements and compounds, including water, on Mars, finding that Mars has lost more potassium than Earth but retained more potassium than the moon or the asteroid 4-Vesta; the results suggest that rocky planets with larger mass retain more volatile elements during planetary formation and that Mars and Mars-sized exoplanets fall below a size threshold necessary to retain enough water to enable habitability and plate tectonics.

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Stroke study reveals optimal timing and intensity for arm and hand rehabilitation

A phase II, randomized clinical trial found that the optimal period for intensive rehabilitation of arm and hand use after a stroke should begin 60 to 90 days after the event.

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New discovery about meteorites informs atmospheric entry threat assessment

Researchers watched fragments of two meteors as they ramped up the heat from room temperature to the temperature it reaches as it enters Earth's atmosphere and made a significant discovery. The vaporized iron sulfide leaves behind voids, making the material more porous. This information will help when predicting the weight of a meteor, its likelihood to break apart, and the subsequent damage assessment if it should land.

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Physicists probe light smashups to guide future research

Light has no mass, but Europe's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can convert light's energy into massive particles. Physicists studied matter-generating collisions of light and showed the departure angle of their debris is subtly distorted by quantum interference patterns in the light prior to collision. Their findings will help physicists accurately interpret future experiments aimed at finding 'new physics' beyond the Standard Model.

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More than 40% of adults with no known heart disease had fatty deposits in heart arteries

More than 40% of middle-aged adults with no known heart disease had signs of atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits that reduce blood flow to the heart, in a study of more than 25,000 adults in Sweden. In more than 5% of the people who had a buildup of fatty deposits, the atherosclerosis narrowed at least one artery by 50% or more. In nearly 2% of the people with artery deposits, the narrowing was so severe that blood flow was obstructed to large portions of the heart.

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Diabetes medications linked to glaucoma prevention

Retrospective data from more than 5,000 patients shows that GLP-1R agonists may be protective against the disease.

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New computational platform to study biological processes

Scientists have launched a unique software that is able to perform highly complex simulations of a variety of biological processes.

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The nanophotonics orchestra presents: Twisting to the light of nanoparticles

Physics researchers discover a new physical effect relating to the interactions between light and twisted materials -- an effect that is likely to have implications for emerging new nanotechnologies in communications, nanorobotics and ultra-thin optical components.

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More than 40% of adults with no known heart disease had fatty deposits in heart arteries

More than 40% of middle-aged adults with no known heart disease had signs of atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits that reduce blood flow to the heart, in a study of more than 25,000 adults in Sweden. In more than 5% of the people who had a buildup of fatty deposits, the atherosclerosis narrowed at least one artery by 50% or more. In nearly 2% of the people with artery deposits, the narrowing was so severe that blood flow was obstructed to large portions of the heart.

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South American musical instruments reflect population relationships

A new study provides a systematic review of musical instrument diversity in the archaeological and ethnographic history of the continent, suggesting cultural contact over long geographic distances, and cases of recent extinction.

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Conservation study: Fostering wanderlust benefits pandas

New study shows home sweet home can be too sweet for some wildlife, and easing conservation standards can benefit both wildlife and people.

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Diabetes medications linked to glaucoma prevention

Retrospective data from more than 5,000 patients shows that GLP-1R agonists may be protective against the disease.

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Meeting sleep recommendations could lead to smarter snacking

Missing out on the recommended seven or more hours of sleep per night could lead to more opportunities to make poorer snacking choices than those made by people who meet shut-eye guidelines, a new study suggests.

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Students’ certainty about belonging and their performance in a STEM course reinforce each other – for better or worse

New research shows that belonging insecurity in a STEM course, specifically a first-year chemistry course, can affect a student's midterm scores, which can then feed back into the student's belonging uncertainty. For students in groups that are underrepresented in STEM, there's a danger that such a feedback loop could cause them to decide that science isn't for them, deterring potential scientists from even entering a STEM field.

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Behold the humble water flea, locked in a battle of mythological proportions

Biologists sized up an unlikely natural phenomenon: when parasitism actually causes the number of hosts to increase, an effect known as a hydra effect. A study of common water fleas and their fungal parasites includes laboratory components and an analysis of 13 fungal epidemics in nature. The scientists use consumer-resource theory to explain why -- and in what types of systems -- the hydra effect can occur.

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Vaccinated groups who are at highest risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death identified using new QCovid tool

Researchers report new findings on the vaccinated people who are at greatest risk from severe COVID-19 leading to hospitalization or death from 14 days post the second dose vaccination, when substantial immunity should be expected. By updating the QCovid tool, they are able to identify groups more at risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19.

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Lessons from how bats resist COVID could inform new treatments in humans

A new paper explores the idea that studying bats' responses to SARS-CoV-2 may provide key insights into how and when to best use existing therapies for COVID-19, and to develop new treatments. The paper is a major review of how the virus that has caused the current pandemic wreaks havoc on the human immune system.

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Meeting sleep recommendations could lead to smarter snacking

Missing out on the recommended seven or more hours of sleep per night could lead to more opportunities to make poorer snacking choices than those made by people who meet shut-eye guidelines, a new study suggests.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2XCNgr8

Students’ certainty about belonging and their performance in a STEM course reinforce each other – for better or worse

New research shows that belonging insecurity in a STEM course, specifically a first-year chemistry course, can affect a student's midterm scores, which can then feed back into the student's belonging uncertainty. For students in groups that are underrepresented in STEM, there's a danger that such a feedback loop could cause them to decide that science isn't for them, deterring potential scientists from even entering a STEM field.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nRywiQ

Vaccinated groups who are at highest risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death identified using new QCovid tool

Researchers report new findings on the vaccinated people who are at greatest risk from severe COVID-19 leading to hospitalization or death from 14 days post the second dose vaccination, when substantial immunity should be expected. By updating the QCovid tool, they are able to identify groups more at risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3lL0VnI

Lessons from how bats resist COVID could inform new treatments in humans

A new paper explores the idea that studying bats' responses to SARS-CoV-2 may provide key insights into how and when to best use existing therapies for COVID-19, and to develop new treatments. The paper is a major review of how the virus that has caused the current pandemic wreaks havoc on the human immune system.

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How resistant germs transport toxins at molecular level

In order to counter the increasing threat posed by multi-drug resistant germs, we need to understand how their resistance mechanisms work. Transport proteins have an important role to play in this process. Scientists have now described the three-dimensional structure of transport protein Pdr5, found also in a similar form in pathogenic fungi. The results could help develop mechanisms to combat dangerous pathogens.

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Microbial plant bioprocessing – what can we learn from the cow?

The most significant sources of organic waste in South Africa is sugarcane bagasse (5.35 million metric tonnes), invasive plants (11.30 million metric tonnes) and fruit wastes (1.3 billion metric tonnes). Microbiologists from Stellenbosch University are investigation the use of mammalian rumen in the anaerobic digestive process to break down or separate organic waste into its original building blocks, from where it can subsequently be converted into various high-value products -- just as a cow does with processing the tough plant material into the basic building blocks upon which the production of milk is based.

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A sandblaster at the atomic level

Modifying surfaces by shooting particles at them - this technique, called 'sputtering', is indispensable in surface science. However, if the surface is not perfectly smooth and regular, it is hard to predict the result of the sputtering process. Scientists have now managed to explain the effect of particles on rough surfaces during sputtering - with implications for fusion research and even astrophysics.

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Scientists find a new way to reverse immune suppression in tumors

Malignant tumors can enhance their ability to survive and spread by suppressing anti-tumor immune cells in their vicinity, but a new study has uncovered a new way to counter this immunosuppressive effect.

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Modern simulations could improve MRIs

Rice University engineers improve simulations that analyze gadolinium-based contrast agents used in clinical magnetic resonance imaging. More efficient simulations could help make better compounds for imaging technologies.

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Researchers call for a focus on fitness over weight loss for obesity-related health conditions

The prevalence of obesity around the world has tripled over the past 40 years, and, along with that rise, dieting and attempts to lose weight also have soared. But according to a new article, when it comes to getting healthy and reducing mortality risk, increasing physical activity and improving fitness appear to be superior to weight loss. The authors say that employing a weight-neutral approach to the treatment of obesity-related health conditions also reduces the health risks associated with yo-yo dieting.

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Astrophysicists solve 'empty sky' gamma-ray mystery

Star-forming galaxies are responsible for creating gamma-rays that until now had not been associated with a known origin.

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Scientists find a new way to reverse immune suppression in tumors

Malignant tumors can enhance their ability to survive and spread by suppressing anti-tumor immune cells in their vicinity, but a new study has uncovered a new way to counter this immunosuppressive effect.

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Modern simulations could improve MRIs

Rice University engineers improve simulations that analyze gadolinium-based contrast agents used in clinical magnetic resonance imaging. More efficient simulations could help make better compounds for imaging technologies.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nXNNyi

Extreme volcanism did not cause the massive extinction of species in the late Cretaceous

A new study rules out that extreme volcanic episodes had any influence on the massive extinction of species in the late Cretaceous. The results confirm the hypothesis that it was a giant meteorite impact what caused the great biological crisis that ended up with the non-avian dinosaur lineages and other marine and terrestrial organisms 66 million years ago.

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All-nitride superconducting qubit made on a silicon substrate

Researchers have succeeded in developing an all-nitride superconducting qubit using epitaxial growth on a silicon substrate that does not use aluminum as the conductive material. This qubit uses niobium nitride (NbN) with a superconducting transition temperature of 16 K (-257 °C) as the electrode material, and aluminum nitride (AlN) for the insulating layer of the Josephson junction. It is a new type of qubit made of all-nitride materials grown epitaxially on a silicon substrate and free of any amorphous oxides, which are a major noise source. By realizing this new material qubit on a silicon substrate, long coherence times have been obtained: an energy relaxation time (T1) of 16 microseconds and a phase relaxation time (T2) of 22 microseconds as the mean values. This is about 32 times T1 and about 44 times T2 of nitride superconducting qubits grown on a conventional magnesium oxide substrate.

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How university students understand and demonstrate kindness

A small act of kindness can go a long way, especially say researchers, towards bolstering student health and wellness. A new study explores how the inclusion of a kindness assignment in an undergraduate course impacted student perceptions of themselves, their peers and their campus.

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Using internet in retirement boosts cognitive function

Scientists have studied the effect of internet usage on cognitive function. Examining more than 2000 retirees from 10 European countries, researchers found that, on average, retirees who used the internet were able to recall 1.22 extra words in a recall test compared to non-internet users (which equates to performing around 8 per cent better in the tests). The effects were more significant in women, with female retirees who used the internet able to recall an additional 2.37 words, than peers who did not go online. Results also showed that retirees who used the internet were more likely to be male, were younger and better educated, and had been retired for less time. They were also found to be in better health - despite drinking and smoking more.

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Augmented reality helps tackle fear of spiders

Researchers have developed an augmented reality app for smartphones in order to help people reduce their fear of spiders. The app has already shown itself to be effective in a clinical trial, with subjects experiencing less fear of real spiders after completing just a few training units with the app at home.

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Researchers call for a focus on fitness over weight loss for obesity-related health conditions

The prevalence of obesity around the world has tripled over the past 40 years, and, along with that rise, dieting and attempts to lose weight also have soared. But according to a new article, when it comes to getting healthy and reducing mortality risk, increasing physical activity and improving fitness appear to be superior to weight loss. The authors say that employing a weight-neutral approach to the treatment of obesity-related health conditions also reduces the health risks associated with yo-yo dieting.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nKQ682

How university students understand and demonstrate kindness

A small act of kindness can go a long way, especially say researchers, towards bolstering student health and wellness. A new study explores how the inclusion of a kindness assignment in an undergraduate course impacted student perceptions of themselves, their peers and their campus.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3EAmRL6

Using internet in retirement boosts cognitive function

Scientists have studied the effect of internet usage on cognitive function. Examining more than 2000 retirees from 10 European countries, researchers found that, on average, retirees who used the internet were able to recall 1.22 extra words in a recall test compared to non-internet users (which equates to performing around 8 per cent better in the tests). The effects were more significant in women, with female retirees who used the internet able to recall an additional 2.37 words, than peers who did not go online. Results also showed that retirees who used the internet were more likely to be male, were younger and better educated, and had been retired for less time. They were also found to be in better health - despite drinking and smoking more.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3hOTVp4

Augmented reality helps tackle fear of spiders

Researchers have developed an augmented reality app for smartphones in order to help people reduce their fear of spiders. The app has already shown itself to be effective in a clinical trial, with subjects experiencing less fear of real spiders after completing just a few training units with the app at home.

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Gene for sex hormone synthesis could play key role in eczema

A study led by dermatologists suggests that a common inflammatory skin condition may stem from poorly regulated sex hormones. The finding could offer an unexpected new target to fight this condition.

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Meds, surgery may help obesity-related high blood pressure if diet, exercise fall short

Being overweight or having obesity, weight that is higher than what is considered healthy for an individual's height, is a major risk factor for high blood pressure. A healthy diet, more physical activity and less sedentary time are recommended to reduce blood pressure for people who are overweight or have obesity; however, evidence of long-term weight loss and sustained blood pressure reductions from these lifestyle changes is limited. New weight-loss medications and bariatric surgery have shown benefits in both long-term weight loss and improved blood pressure, which can reduce the long-term, negative impact of high blood pressure on organ damage.

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Gene for sex hormone synthesis could play key role in eczema

A study led by dermatologists suggests that a common inflammatory skin condition may stem from poorly regulated sex hormones. The finding could offer an unexpected new target to fight this condition.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nV6G5j

Meds, surgery may help obesity-related high blood pressure if diet, exercise fall short

Being overweight or having obesity, weight that is higher than what is considered healthy for an individual's height, is a major risk factor for high blood pressure. A healthy diet, more physical activity and less sedentary time are recommended to reduce blood pressure for people who are overweight or have obesity; however, evidence of long-term weight loss and sustained blood pressure reductions from these lifestyle changes is limited. New weight-loss medications and bariatric surgery have shown benefits in both long-term weight loss and improved blood pressure, which can reduce the long-term, negative impact of high blood pressure on organ damage.

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Yeast and bacteria together biosynthesize plant hormones for weed control

Plants regulate their growth using hormones, including a group called strigolactones that prevent excessive budding and branching. Strigolactones also help plant roots form symbiotic relationships with microorganisms that allow the plant to absorb nutrients from the soil. These two factors have led to agricultural interest in using strigolactones to control the growth of weeds and root parasites, as well as improving nutrient uptake. These root-extruding compounds also stimulate germination of witchweeds and broomrapes, which can cause entire crops of grain to fail, making thorough research essential prior to commercial development. Now scientists have synthesized strigolactones from microbes.

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Infants exposed to domestic violence have poorer cognitive development

Infants coming from homes with domestic violence often go on to have worse academic outcomes in school due to neurodevelopmental lags and a higher risk for a variety of health issues, including gastrointestinal distress, trouble eating and sleeping, as well as stress and illness.

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Discovery highlights the complex lifestyles of frontline immune cells

Researchers have made a surprise discovery about how immune 'sentinel' cells are maintained, which could have implications for drugs in development for treating cancer.

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Brain microstructural damage related to cognitive dysfunction and steroid medication in lupus patients

Researchers attempted to unravel such mechanisms by adopting non-invasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the brains of SLE patients, particularly the white matter, coupled with computerized neuropsychological assessment. White matter lies beneath the grey matter cortex in the human brain and comprises millions of bundles of nerve fibers that transmit signals to different brain regions.

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Now we’re cooking with lasers

Imagine having your own digital personal chef; ready to cook whatever you want, tailoring the shape, texture, and flavor just for you -- all at the push of a button. Engineers have been working on doing just that, using lasers for cooking and 3D printing technology for assembling foods. In their new study they discovered that laser-cooked meat shrinks 50% less, retains double the moisture content, and shows similar flavor development to conventionally cooked meat.

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Infants exposed to domestic violence have poorer cognitive development

Infants coming from homes with domestic violence often go on to have worse academic outcomes in school due to neurodevelopmental lags and a higher risk for a variety of health issues, including gastrointestinal distress, trouble eating and sleeping, as well as stress and illness.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nJp3Kj

Discovery highlights the complex lifestyles of frontline immune cells

Researchers have made a surprise discovery about how immune 'sentinel' cells are maintained, which could have implications for drugs in development for treating cancer.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3tRLq0Z

Brain microstructural damage related to cognitive dysfunction and steroid medication in lupus patients

Researchers attempted to unravel such mechanisms by adopting non-invasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the brains of SLE patients, particularly the white matter, coupled with computerized neuropsychological assessment. White matter lies beneath the grey matter cortex in the human brain and comprises millions of bundles of nerve fibers that transmit signals to different brain regions.

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Coral reefs are 50% less able to provide food, jobs, and climate protection than in 1950s, putting millions at risk

The capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services such as food and jobs, relied on by millions of people worldwide, has declined by half since the 1950s, according to a new study. Other findings are equally bleak: the authors found that global coverage of living corals had declined by about half since the 1950s and consequently, the diversity of species had also declined, by more than 60 per cent. Finding targets for recovery and climate adaptation would require a global effort, while also addressing needs at a local level, authors say.

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Time until dementia symptoms appear can be estimated via brain scan

Researchers have developed an approach to estimating when a person who is at high risk of Alzheimer's dementia but has no cognitive symptoms will start showing signs of cognitive decline. The approach is based on data from a single brain scan, combined with the person's age.

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Gut bacteria might be an indicator of colon cancer risk

Researchers are finding a link between the increased presence of certain bacteria in a gut biome and colon cancer.

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Faster research through automation: New way to count micronuclei in cells

Researchers have created a novel automated program that accurately and quickly counts micronuclei in stained images. Micronuclei are small nucleus-like structures that are markers of pathologies such as cancer. The development of this automated program will be useful for future research into micronuclei and may aid in the diagnosis and tracking of a range of pathologies.

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Gut bacteria might be an indicator of colon cancer risk

Researchers are finding a link between the increased presence of certain bacteria in a gut biome and colon cancer.

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Faster research through automation: New way to count micronuclei in cells

Researchers have created a novel automated program that accurately and quickly counts micronuclei in stained images. Micronuclei are small nucleus-like structures that are markers of pathologies such as cancer. The development of this automated program will be useful for future research into micronuclei and may aid in the diagnosis and tracking of a range of pathologies.

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Chemical discovery gets reluctant seeds to sprout

Seeds that would otherwise lie dormant will spring to life with the aid of a new chemical.

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Fossil: New species of otter discovered in Germany

Researchers have discovered a previously unknown species of otter from 11.4-million-year-old strata at the Hammerschmiede fossil site.

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Six stages of engagement in ADHD treatment revealed in new, diverse study

Six stages of engagement in treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported by researchers based on a diverse study, inclusive of parents of predominantly racial and ethnic minority children with ADHD.

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Witnessing abuse of sibling can lead to mental health issues

Researchers find that youth who witness the abuse of a brother or sister by a parent can be just as traumatized as those witnessing violence by a parent against another parent. Such exposure is associated with mental health issues like depression, anxiety and anger.

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Discovery of rapid-response signaling platform suggests new path for blocking allergic inflammation

A recent study reveals new details about how the body's type 2 innate immune response system works.

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Six stages of engagement in ADHD treatment revealed in new, diverse study

Six stages of engagement in treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported by researchers based on a diverse study, inclusive of parents of predominantly racial and ethnic minority children with ADHD.

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Witnessing abuse of sibling can lead to mental health issues

Researchers find that youth who witness the abuse of a brother or sister by a parent can be just as traumatized as those witnessing violence by a parent against another parent. Such exposure is associated with mental health issues like depression, anxiety and anger.

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Discovery of liquid directional steering on a bio-inspired surface

Inspired by a kind of tree leaf, scientists discovered that the spreading direction of different liquids deposited on the same surface can be steered, solving a challenge that has remained for over two centuries. This breakthrough could ignite a new wave of using 3D surface structures for intelligent liquid manipulation with profound implications for various scientific and industrial applications, such as fluidics design and heat transfer enhancement.

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The first glimpse of hydrodynamic electron flow in 3D materials

A team of researchers has developed a theory to explain how hydrodynamic electron flow could occur in 3D materials and observed it for the first time using a new imaging technique.

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Climatically driven landscape evolution during warm periods

Scientists have researched the stability and development of landscapes in the Wendland region of Hanover during the past Eemian Interglacial (warm period) around 120,000 years ago. The Eemian is climatically comparable to predictions for the later 21st century. The basic research therefore serves to understand how landscapes respond to climate changes under natural conditions -- without additional human influence. As part of their investigations, the researchers also found evidence of the northernmost Neanderthal occupation of the last warm period to date.

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Can fruit fly research help improve survival of cancer patients?

Scientists don't really know what kills many cancer patients, but fruit fly research could provide answers. By following flies with tumors up to the point of death, researchers have discovered chemicals produced by tumors that shorten life span apart from the damage done locally to critical organs. This suggests a novel strategy for extending a healthy life span in those with a cancer burden: block the tumor-generated chemicals and the damage they do.

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Microneedles pierce biofilm for more effective topical delivery of antibiotics to infected wounds

An engineer has developed a microneedle array that punctures biofilm covering ulcerated cells and tissues. The needles deliver antibiotics to the wounds by absorbing liquid underneath the biofilm and then dissolving.

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Scientists demonstrate pathway to forerunner of nanotubes that could lead to widespread industrial fabrication

Scientists have identified a chemical pathway to an innovative nanomaterial that could lead to large-scale production for applications ranging from spacesuits to military vehicles.

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How scents take on meaning

Once a scent is detected, different areas of the brain are activated. A team has recently discovered that structures of the olfactory sense work closely together with the brain's reward and aversion systems. This means that scents are processed not only by the olfactory center but also by regions responsible for emotions and valence determination.

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