SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NEWS: December 2020

Thursday, December 31, 2020

See live cells with seven times greater sensitivity using new microscopy technique

Experts in optical physics have developed a new way to see inside living cells in greater detail using existing microscopy technology and without needing to add stains or fluorescent dyes.

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Spontaneous robot dances highlight a new kind of order in active matter

Researchers have proposed a new principle by which active matter systems can spontaneously order, without need for higher level instructions or even programmed interaction among the agents. And they have demonstrated this principle in a variety of systems, including groups of periodically shape-changing robots called 'smarticles.'

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Traditional Ghanaian medicines show promise against tropical diseases

The discovery of new drugs is vital to achieving the eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Africa and around the world. Now, researchers have identified traditional Ghanaian medicines which work in the lab against schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, three diseases endemic to Ghana.

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Desalination breakthrough could lead to cheaper water filtration

Producing clean water at a lower cost could be on the horizon after researchers solved a complex problem that has baffled scientists for decades, until now.

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Stretching diamond for next-generation microelectronics

Diamond is the hardest material in nature. It also has great potential as an excellent electronic material. A research team has demonstrated for the first time the large, uniform tensile elastic straining of microfabricated diamond arrays through the nanomechanical approach. Their findings have shown the potential of strained diamonds as prime candidates for advanced functional devices in microelectronics, photonics, and quantum information technologies.

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Asian tiger mosquito poses low risk for Zika virus outbreaks

The Asian tiger mosquito does not pose a major risk for Zika virus epidemics, according to a new study.

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Protein twist and squeeze confers cancer drug resistance

Scientists have revealed how a transporter protein twists and squeezes compounds out of cells, including chemotherapy drugs from some cancer cells.

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Traditional Ghanaian medicines show promise against tropical diseases

The discovery of new drugs is vital to achieving the eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Africa and around the world. Now, researchers have identified traditional Ghanaian medicines which work in the lab against schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, three diseases endemic to Ghana.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/38Nlzxj

Asian tiger mosquito poses low risk for Zika virus outbreaks

The Asian tiger mosquito does not pose a major risk for Zika virus epidemics, according to a new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o5y51B

Protein twist and squeeze confers cancer drug resistance

Scientists have revealed how a transporter protein twists and squeezes compounds out of cells, including chemotherapy drugs from some cancer cells.

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Multiple mosquito blood meals accelerate malaria transmission

Multiple bouts of blood feeding by mosquitoes shorten the incubation period for malaria parasites and increase malaria transmission potential, according to a new study.

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New virtual screening strategy identifies existing drug that inhibits COVID-19 virus

A novel computational drug screening strategy combined with lab experiments suggest that pralatrexate, a chemotherapy medication originally developed to treat lymphoma, could potentially be repurposed to treat COVID-19.

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Multiple mosquito blood meals accelerate malaria transmission

Multiple bouts of blood feeding by mosquitoes shorten the incubation period for malaria parasites and increase malaria transmission potential, according to a new study.

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New virtual screening strategy identifies existing drug that inhibits COVID-19 virus

A novel computational drug screening strategy combined with lab experiments suggest that pralatrexate, a chemotherapy medication originally developed to treat lymphoma, could potentially be repurposed to treat COVID-19.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o5HXZ0

Social media safety messages: Pictures should match the words

When using social media to nudge people toward safe and healthy behaviors, it's critical to make sure the words match the pictures, according to a new study. After looking at social media posts, parents of young children were better able to recall safety messages such as how to put a baby safely to sleep when the images in the posts aligned with the messages in the text.

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Study points the way to boost immunotherapy against breast cancer, other solid tumors

Researchers report that adding a small molecule to a chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy can help immune system T cells to effectively attack solid tumors, such as breast cancers. The boost helps recruit more immune cells into battle at the tumor site, according to the new study.

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Blood vessel cells implicated in chronic inflammation of obesity

When fat cells in the body are stuffed with excess fat, the surrounding tissue becomes inflamed. That chronic, low-level inflammation is one of the driving factors behind many of the diseases associated with obesity. Now, scientists have discovered a type of cell responsible, at least in mice, for triggering this inflammation in fat tissue. Their findings could eventually lead to new ways to treat obesity.

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Transfusions with higher red blood cell levels do not improve preterm baby outcomes

A randomized clinical trial is the largest study to-date to compare thresholds for blood transfusions in premature babies, offers guidance for health care providers.

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Largest study of Asia's rivers unearths 800 years of paleoclimate patterns

The SUTD study will be crucial for assessing future climatic changes and making more informed water management decisions.

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Social media safety messages: Pictures should match the words

When using social media to nudge people toward safe and healthy behaviors, it's critical to make sure the words match the pictures, according to a new study. After looking at social media posts, parents of young children were better able to recall safety messages such as how to put a baby safely to sleep when the images in the posts aligned with the messages in the text.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3n1BOvF

Study points the way to boost immunotherapy against breast cancer, other solid tumors

Researchers report that adding a small molecule to a chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy can help immune system T cells to effectively attack solid tumors, such as breast cancers. The boost helps recruit more immune cells into battle at the tumor site, according to the new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3o358mZ

Blood vessel cells implicated in chronic inflammation of obesity

When fat cells in the body are stuffed with excess fat, the surrounding tissue becomes inflamed. That chronic, low-level inflammation is one of the driving factors behind many of the diseases associated with obesity. Now, scientists have discovered a type of cell responsible, at least in mice, for triggering this inflammation in fat tissue. Their findings could eventually lead to new ways to treat obesity.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WW228p

Transfusions with higher red blood cell levels do not improve preterm baby outcomes

A randomized clinical trial is the largest study to-date to compare thresholds for blood transfusions in premature babies, offers guidance for health care providers.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pA7fyX

Wednesday, December 30, 2020

Scientists explore deficits in processing speed in individuals with spinal cord injury

A new study examined the neural mechanisms of higher order cognitive tasks of individuals with SCI.

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New research may explain severe virus attacks on the lungs

In some cases, immune cells in the lungs can contribute to worsening a virus attack. In a new study, researchers describe how different kinds of immune cells, called macrophages, develop in the lungs and which of them may be behind severe lung diseases. The study may contribute to future treatments for COVID-19, among other diseases.

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Imaging of ballistic wounds, bullet composition and implications for MRI safety

Since patients with ballistic embedded fragments are frequently denied MRI (due to indeterminate bullet composition sans shell casings), radiography and CT can be used to identify nonferromagnetic projectiles that are safe for MRI.

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Gut cells sound the alarm when parasites invade

When the parasite Cryptosporidium enters the body, it's cells in the intestines that first recognize the invader, triggering an early immune response, according to a new study. A leading cause of diarrheal disease in young children globally, the parasite generates an inflammatory response beginning in the intestines that exacerbates the effects of malnutrition.

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Scientists explore deficits in processing speed in individuals with spinal cord injury

A new study examined the neural mechanisms of higher order cognitive tasks of individuals with SCI.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3hBvIRB

New research may explain severe virus attacks on the lungs

In some cases, immune cells in the lungs can contribute to worsening a virus attack. In a new study, researchers describe how different kinds of immune cells, called macrophages, develop in the lungs and which of them may be behind severe lung diseases. The study may contribute to future treatments for COVID-19, among other diseases.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aWPnKC

Imaging of ballistic wounds, bullet composition and implications for MRI safety

Since patients with ballistic embedded fragments are frequently denied MRI (due to indeterminate bullet composition sans shell casings), radiography and CT can be used to identify nonferromagnetic projectiles that are safe for MRI.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rJweBB

Gut cells sound the alarm when parasites invade

When the parasite Cryptosporidium enters the body, it's cells in the intestines that first recognize the invader, triggering an early immune response, according to a new study. A leading cause of diarrheal disease in young children globally, the parasite generates an inflammatory response beginning in the intestines that exacerbates the effects of malnutrition.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3b81epl

Potential new RX strategy for stroke

new research reports that a combination of a new drug and selected DHA derivatives is more effective in protecting brain cells and increasing recovery after stroke than a single drug.

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Potential new RX strategy for stroke

new research reports that a combination of a new drug and selected DHA derivatives is more effective in protecting brain cells and increasing recovery after stroke than a single drug.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2X9BctD

Development of fusion energy

Physicists are working to develop a unique tokamak fusion device called 'SPARC.'

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A pursuit of better testing to sort out the complexities of ADHD

The introduction of computer simulation to the identification of symptoms in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has potential to provide an additional objective tool to gauge the presence and severity of behavioral problems, researchers suggest.

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A pursuit of better testing to sort out the complexities of ADHD

The introduction of computer simulation to the identification of symptoms in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has potential to provide an additional objective tool to gauge the presence and severity of behavioral problems, researchers suggest.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nZYnC9

Tuesday, December 29, 2020

More effective training model for robots

Multi-domain operations, the Army's future operating concept, requires autonomous agents with learning components to operate alongside the warfighter. New research reduces the unpredictability of current training reinforcement learning policies so that they are more practically applicable to physical systems, especially ground robots.

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Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from COVID-19

Observational clinical research of COVID-19 patients can help clinicians better understand how the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 virus acts, and findings from this research can better inform treatment and vaccine design.

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General anesthesia and normal sleep affect brain in an amazingly similar way as consciousness fades

What happens in the brain when our conscious awareness fades during general anesthesia and normal sleep? Scientists studied this question with novel experimental designs and functional brain imaging. They succeeded in separating the specific changes related to consciousness from the more widespread overall effects, and discovered that the effects of anesthesia and sleep on brain activity were surprisingly similar. These novel findings point to a common central core brain network fundamental for human consciousness.

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General anesthesia and normal sleep affect brain in an amazingly similar way as consciousness fades

Scientists develop high-throughput mitochondria transfer device

Scientists have developed a simple, high-throughput method for transferring isolated mitochondria and their associated mitochondrial DNA into mammalian cells.

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College football players underestimate risk of injury and concussion

College football players may underestimate their risk of injury and concussion, according to a new study.

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Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from COVID-19

Observational clinical research of COVID-19 patients can help clinicians better understand how the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 virus acts, and findings from this research can better inform treatment and vaccine design.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KLd79J

General anesthesia and normal sleep affect brain in an amazingly similar way as consciousness fades

What happens in the brain when our conscious awareness fades during general anesthesia and normal sleep? Scientists studied this question with novel experimental designs and functional brain imaging. They succeeded in separating the specific changes related to consciousness from the more widespread overall effects, and discovered that the effects of anesthesia and sleep on brain activity were surprisingly similar. These novel findings point to a common central core brain network fundamental for human consciousness.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3hrqqbb

Stopping RAS inhibitors tied to worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Small studies have suggested that a group of medications called RAS inhibitors may be harmful in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease, and physicians therefore often stop the treatment in such patients. Researchers now show that although stopping the treatment is linked to a lower risk of requiring dialysis, it is also linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular events and death.

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Detective work in theoretical physics

Physicists have published a review article on the so-called dynamical density functional theory (DDFT). This is a method for describing systems consisting of a large number of interacting particles such as are found in liquids, for example.

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Sugars influence cell-to-surface adhesion

An international team of researchers examined how movement and adhesion in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can be manipulated. To this end, the researchers altered the sugar modifications in proteins on the cell surface. As a result, the so-called adhesion force was also altered.

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A single gene 'invented' haemoglobin several times

Thanks to the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii, an animal whose genes have evolved very slowly, scientists have shown that while haemoglobin appeared independently in several species, it actually descends from a single gene transmitted to all by their last common ancestor.

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Flag leaves could help top off photosynthetic performance in rice

A team found that some flag leaves of different varieties of rice transform light and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates better than others, potentially opening new opportunities for breeding higher yielding rice varieties.

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Stopping RAS inhibitors tied to worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Small studies have suggested that a group of medications called RAS inhibitors may be harmful in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease, and physicians therefore often stop the treatment in such patients. Researchers now show that although stopping the treatment is linked to a lower risk of requiring dialysis, it is also linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular events and death.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pvjnBe

A single gene 'invented' haemoglobin several times

Thanks to the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii, an animal whose genes have evolved very slowly, scientists have shown that while haemoglobin appeared independently in several species, it actually descends from a single gene transmitted to all by their last common ancestor.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/381FTfj

Brain imaging predicts PTSD after brain injury

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder brought on by physical and/or psychological trauma. How its symptoms, including anxiety, depression and cognitive disturbances arise remains incompletely understood and unpredictable. Treatments and outcomes could potentially be improved if doctors could better predict who would develop PTSD. Now, researchers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have found potential brain biomarkers of PTSD in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

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Surveys identify relationship between waves, coastal cliff erosion

Researchers have always known that waves were an important part of the cliff erosion process, but they haven't been able to separate the influence of waves and rain before. After decades of debate over the differing roles that both play, new findings provide an opportunity to improve forecasts.

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Common brain malformation traced to its genetic roots

Researchers have shown that Chiari 1 malformation can be caused by variations in two genes linked to brain development, and that children with large heads are at increased risk of developing the condition.

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Big bumblebees learn locations of best flowers

Big bumblebees take time to learn the locations of the best flowers, new research shows.

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Global trial reveals life saving drug for acute myeloid leukemia

Results from a global trial across 148 sites in 23 countries, showing a 30 per cent improvement in survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), significantly improving survival in older patients, over the age of 55, with the disease. AML is the most acute blood cancer in adults and its incidence increases with age, with a poor prognosis.

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Brain imaging predicts PTSD after brain injury

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder brought on by physical and/or psychological trauma. How its symptoms, including anxiety, depression and cognitive disturbances arise remains incompletely understood and unpredictable. Treatments and outcomes could potentially be improved if doctors could better predict who would develop PTSD. Now, researchers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have found potential brain biomarkers of PTSD in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rChPqY

Common brain malformation traced to its genetic roots

Researchers have shown that Chiari 1 malformation can be caused by variations in two genes linked to brain development, and that children with large heads are at increased risk of developing the condition.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34SrG21

Global trial reveals life saving drug for acute myeloid leukemia

Results from a global trial across 148 sites in 23 countries, showing a 30 per cent improvement in survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), significantly improving survival in older patients, over the age of 55, with the disease. AML is the most acute blood cancer in adults and its incidence increases with age, with a poor prognosis.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rBrttM

Monday, December 28, 2020

Shapeshifting crystals: Varying stability in different forms of gallium selenide monolayers

Researchers investigate the structure and properties of a recently identified polymorph of gallium selenide crystal layer.

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Discovery about how cancer cells evade immune defenses inspires new treatment approach

Researchers have learned how chromosomal instability allows cancer cells to avoid immune defenses and metastasize (spread). The discovery opens up potential new avenues for treatment.

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Discovery about how cancer cells evade immune defenses inspires new treatment approach

Researchers have learned how chromosomal instability allows cancer cells to avoid immune defenses and metastasize (spread). The discovery opens up potential new avenues for treatment.

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Vaping could cloud your thoughts, new studies suggest

Both adults and kids who vape were more likely to report difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions than their non-vaping, non-smoking peers on two annual national surveys. Survey results also suggest that kids were more likely to experience mental fog if they started vaping before the age of 14.

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Important milestone in the creation of a quantum computer

One of the obstacles for progress in the quest for a working quantum computer has been that the working devices that go into a quantum computer and perform the actual calculations, the qubits, have hitherto been made by universities and in small numbers. But in recent years, a pan-European collaboration has been exploring everyday transistors -- that are present in billions in all our mobile phones -- for their use as qubits.

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Quick look under the skin

Imaging techniques enable a detailed look inside an organism. But interpreting the data is time-consuming and requires a great deal of experience. Artificial neural networks open up new possibilities: They require just seconds to interpret whole-body scans of mice and to segment and depict the organs in colors, instead of in various shades of gray. This facilitates the analysis considerably.

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Carbon capture: Faster, greener way of producing carbon spheres

A fast, green and one-step method for producing porous carbon spheres, which are a vital component for carbon capture technology and for new ways of storing renewable energy, has been developed. The method produces spheres that have good capacity for carbon capture, and it works effectively at a large scale.

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Music-induced emotions can be predicted from brain scans

Researchers have discovered what type of neural mechanisms are the basis for emotional responses to music. Altogether 102 research subjects listened to music that evokes emotions while their brain function was scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

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Vaping could cloud your thoughts, new studies suggest

Both adults and kids who vape were more likely to report difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions than their non-vaping, non-smoking peers on two annual national surveys. Survey results also suggest that kids were more likely to experience mental fog if they started vaping before the age of 14.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34RAG7L

Quick look under the skin

Imaging techniques enable a detailed look inside an organism. But interpreting the data is time-consuming and requires a great deal of experience. Artificial neural networks open up new possibilities: They require just seconds to interpret whole-body scans of mice and to segment and depict the organs in colors, instead of in various shades of gray. This facilitates the analysis considerably.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3n2XMi5

Music-induced emotions can be predicted from brain scans

Researchers have discovered what type of neural mechanisms are the basis for emotional responses to music. Altogether 102 research subjects listened to music that evokes emotions while their brain function was scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34RO0ZH

Primordial black holes and the search for dark matter from the multiverse

Astronomers are studying black holes that could have formed in the early universe, before stars and galaxies were born. Such primordial black holes (PBHs) could account for all or part of dark matter, be responsible for some of the observed gravitational waves signals, and seed supermassive black holes found in the center of our Galaxy and other galaxies.

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Discovery boosts theory that life on Earth arose from RNA-DNA mix

Chemists have made a discovery that supports a surprising new view of how life originated on our planet. They demonstrated that a simple compound called diamidophosphate (DAP), which was plausibly present on Earth before life arose, could have chemically knitted together tiny DNA building blocks called deoxynucleosides into strands of primordial DNA.

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Study suggests link between word choices and extraverts

Psychologists have found a link between extraverts and their word choices.

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High-speed atomic force microscopy takes on intrinsically disordered proteins

A pioneering high-speed atomic force microscope technology has now shed light on the structure and dynamics of some of life's most ubiquitous and inscrutable molecules - intrinsically disordered proteins.

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Chemists develop a new drug discovery strategy for 'undruggable' drug targets

A research team has developed a new drug discovery method targeting membrane proteins on live cells.

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Switching DNA functions on and off by means of light

Biochemists have developed a new strategy for controlling the biological functions of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by means of light and therefore provide a tool to investigate processes which take place in cells.

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Do toddlers learning to spoon-feed seek different information from caregivers' hands and faces?

When toddlers begin to use a spoon to eat by themselves, what kind of interactions facilitate this behavior? To find out, an international research collaboration investigated the interactions between toddlers and their caregivers during mealtimes at a daycare center in Japan.

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New research makes strong case for restoring Hong Kong's lost oyster reefs

New research shows the enormous potential of restoring lost oyster reefs, bringing significant environmental benefits.

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Study suggests link between word choices and extraverts

Psychologists have found a link between extraverts and their word choices.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rvQYga

Chemists develop a new drug discovery strategy for 'undruggable' drug targets

A research team has developed a new drug discovery method targeting membrane proteins on live cells.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aMXRDS

Switching DNA functions on and off by means of light

Biochemists have developed a new strategy for controlling the biological functions of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by means of light and therefore provide a tool to investigate processes which take place in cells.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nTUI9a

Do toddlers learning to spoon-feed seek different information from caregivers' hands and faces?

When toddlers begin to use a spoon to eat by themselves, what kind of interactions facilitate this behavior? To find out, an international research collaboration investigated the interactions between toddlers and their caregivers during mealtimes at a daycare center in Japan.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nZJC2k

Sunday, December 27, 2020

New mammal reference genome helps ID genetic variants for human health

A new reference genome assembly identified more than 85 million genetic variants in the rhesus macaque, the largest database of genetic variation for any one nonhuman primate species to date.

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New mammal reference genome helps ID genetic variants for human health

A new reference genome assembly identified more than 85 million genetic variants in the rhesus macaque, the largest database of genetic variation for any one nonhuman primate species to date.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2JtIi92

Saturday, December 26, 2020

Novel method reveals small microplastics throughout Japan's subtropical ocean

Samples taken from the ocean surrounding the subtropical island of Okinawa have revealed the presence of microplastics in all six areas surveyed, finds new study.

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Discovery of aging mechanism for hematopoietic stem cells

By transferring mouse aged hematopoietic stem cells (aged HSCs) to the environment of young mice (bone marrow niche), it was demonstrated that the pattern of stem cell gene expression was rejuvenated to that of young hematopoietic stem cells.

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Protein tells developing cells to stick together

Scientists have, for the first time, provided experimental evidence that cell stickiness helps them stay sorted within correct compartments during development. How tightly cells clump together, known as cell adhesion, appears to be enabled by a protein better known for its role in the immune system.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rrHdj4

Astrocytes eat connections to maintain plasticity in adult brains

Developing brains constantly sprout new neuronal connections called synapses as they learn and remember. Important connections -- the ones that are repeatedly introduced, such as how to avoid danger -- are nurtured and reinforced, while connections deemed unnecessary are pruned away. Adult brains undergo similar pruning, but it was unclear how or why synapses in the adult brain get eliminated. Now, a team of researchers has found the mechanism underlying plasticity and, potentially, neurological disorders in adult brains.

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Weedy Seadragon genomics reveal highly distinct populations

To describe weedy seadragons as unique is an understatement. With a fused, elongated jaw, body armor, leafy appendages and no pelvic fins, these fish are like no other. Found only along Australia's temperate coast, numbers have been declining. Now a landmark study using genomics reveals four distinct populations in south-eastern Australia.

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Turning the heat down: Catalyzing ammonia formation at lower temperatures with ruthenium

Scientists report that the metal ruthenium, supported with lanthanide oxyhydrides, can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of ammonia at a much lower temperature than the traditional approach. In their new study, they highlight the advantages of the oxyhydride support and its potential in becoming a feasible catalyst for low-temperature ammonia synthesis in the future.

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Discovery of aging mechanism for hematopoietic stem cells

By transferring mouse aged hematopoietic stem cells (aged HSCs) to the environment of young mice (bone marrow niche), it was demonstrated that the pattern of stem cell gene expression was rejuvenated to that of young hematopoietic stem cells.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mRC4xk

Protein tells developing cells to stick together

Scientists have, for the first time, provided experimental evidence that cell stickiness helps them stay sorted within correct compartments during development. How tightly cells clump together, known as cell adhesion, appears to be enabled by a protein better known for its role in the immune system.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rrHdj4

Astrocytes eat connections to maintain plasticity in adult brains

Developing brains constantly sprout new neuronal connections called synapses as they learn and remember. Important connections -- the ones that are repeatedly introduced, such as how to avoid danger -- are nurtured and reinforced, while connections deemed unnecessary are pruned away. Adult brains undergo similar pruning, but it was unclear how or why synapses in the adult brain get eliminated. Now, a team of researchers has found the mechanism underlying plasticity and, potentially, neurological disorders in adult brains.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34NyiPf

New research highlights the importance of a forgotten organ in ensuring healthy pregnancies

An international research team has uncovered for the first time the importance of a small gland tucked behind the sternum that works to prevent miscarriage and diabetes in pregnant women.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nSH6uD

Thursday, December 24, 2020

COVID-19 severity affected by proportion of antibodies targeting crucial viral protein

COVID-19 antibodies preferentially target a different part of the virus in mild cases of COVID-19 than they do in severe cases, and wane significantly within several months of infection, according to a new study.

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Mathematical modeling can help balance economy, health during pandemic

Using mathematical modeling, new interdisciplinary research determines the best course of action when it comes to walking the line between economic stability and the best possible health outcomes.

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COVID-19 severity affected by proportion of antibodies targeting crucial viral protein

COVID-19 antibodies preferentially target a different part of the virus in mild cases of COVID-19 than they do in severe cases, and wane significantly within several months of infection, according to a new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37MCpgj

Mathematical modeling can help balance economy, health during pandemic

Using mathematical modeling, new interdisciplinary research determines the best course of action when it comes to walking the line between economic stability and the best possible health outcomes.

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Early mammal with remarkably precise bite

Paleontologists have succeeded in reconstructing the chewing motion of an early mammal that lived almost 150 million years ago. This showed that its teeth worked extremely precisely and surprisingly efficiently.

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Breaking bad: How shattered chromosomes make cancer cells drug-resistant

Scientists describe how a phenomenon known as 'chromothripsis' breaks up chromosomes, which then reassemble in ways that ultimately promote cancer cell growth.

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Theory describes quantum phenomenon in nanomaterials

Theoretical physicists have developed mathematical formulas that describe a physical phenomenon happening within quantum dots and other nanosized materials. The formulas could be applied to further theoretical research about the physics of quantum dots, ultra-cold atomic gasses, and quarks.

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Researchers develop new way to break reciprocity law

The breakthrough makes a significant step forward in photonics and microwave technology by eliminating the need for bulky magnets.

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Plastic is blowing in the wind

The discovery of microplastics in the air above the ocean reveals the spread of this hazardous pollution.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KwqKta

Breaking bad: How shattered chromosomes make cancer cells drug-resistant

Scientists describe how a phenomenon known as 'chromothripsis' breaks up chromosomes, which then reassemble in ways that ultimately promote cancer cell growth.

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Wednesday, December 23, 2020

Scientists develop new gene therapy for deafness

A new study presents an innovative treatment for deafness, based on the delivery of genetic material into the cells of the inner ear. The genetic material 'replaces' the genetic defect and enables the cells to continue functioning normally. They maintain that this novel therapy could lead to a breakthrough in treating children born with various mutations that eventually cause deafness.

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Quantum wave in helium dimer filmed for the first time

For the first time, an international team of scientists has succeeded in filming quantum physical effects on a helium dimer as it breaks apart. The film shows the superposition of matter waves from two simultaneous events that occur with different probability: The survival and the disintegration of the helium dimer. This method might in future make it possible to track experimentally the formation and decay of quantum Efimov systems.

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Scientists develop new gene therapy for deafness

A new study presents an innovative treatment for deafness, based on the delivery of genetic material into the cells of the inner ear. The genetic material 'replaces' the genetic defect and enables the cells to continue functioning normally. They maintain that this novel therapy could lead to a breakthrough in treating children born with various mutations that eventually cause deafness.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ayIYFc

Controlling cardiac waves with light to better understand abnormally rapid heart rhythms

Over 300,000 people die each year in the US due to sudden cardiac death. In many cases, sudden cardiac death is caused by abnormally rapid heart rhythms called tachycardias, which means the heart cannot pump adequate blood to the body. In Chaos, researchers use mice to study tachycardias and find there are intrinsic mechanisms that exist in heart tissue that they hypothesize lead to the self-termination of rapid cardiac rhythm.

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Cannabis use blunts stress reactivity in female rats

Female rats that inhaled vaporized cannabis daily for a month developed a blunted physiological response to stress, according to a new study. In contrast, male rats that were provided access to the same potency of cannabis over the same 30-day window did not experience any physiological changes in how they responded to a stressful situation.

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New mammogram measures of breast cancer risk could revolutionize screening

World-first techniques for predicting breast cancer risk from mammograms could revolutionize breast screening by allowing it to be tailored to women at minimal extra cost.

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Increased meat consumption associated with symptoms of childhood asthma

Substances present in cooked meats are associated with increased wheezing in children, researchers report.

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Controlling cardiac waves with light to better understand abnormally rapid heart rhythms

Over 300,000 people die each year in the US due to sudden cardiac death. In many cases, sudden cardiac death is caused by abnormally rapid heart rhythms called tachycardias, which means the heart cannot pump adequate blood to the body. In Chaos, researchers use mice to study tachycardias and find there are intrinsic mechanisms that exist in heart tissue that they hypothesize lead to the self-termination of rapid cardiac rhythm.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34DkwyL

Cannabis use blunts stress reactivity in female rats

Female rats that inhaled vaporized cannabis daily for a month developed a blunted physiological response to stress, according to a new study. In contrast, male rats that were provided access to the same potency of cannabis over the same 30-day window did not experience any physiological changes in how they responded to a stressful situation.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3azMFug

Scientists discover mutations associated with early onset dementia

Scientists have announced a significant advance in our understanding of an early onset form of dementia that may also progress our understanding of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Adult onset Leukoencephalopathy with axonal Spheroids and Pigmented glia (ALSP) is an ultra-rare condition that manifests initially with psychiatric and behavioural changes in patients followed by a rapid progression of dementia in the third or fourth decade of life.

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Tuesday, December 22, 2020

Model predicts where ticks, Lyme disease will appear next in Midwest states

By drawing from decades of studies, scientists created a timeline marking the arrival of black-legged ticks, also known as deer ticks, in hundreds of counties across 10 Midwestern states. They used these data - along with an analysis of county-level landscape features associated with the spread of ticks - to build a model that can predict where ticks are likely to appear in future years.

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Model predicts where ticks, Lyme disease will appear next in Midwest states

By drawing from decades of studies, scientists created a timeline marking the arrival of black-legged ticks, also known as deer ticks, in hundreds of counties across 10 Midwestern states. They used these data - along with an analysis of county-level landscape features associated with the spread of ticks - to build a model that can predict where ticks are likely to appear in future years.

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Birds: Competition for mates leads to a deeper voice than expected based on size

Competition for mates leads to a deeper voice than expected based on size.

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Mouse-controlled mouse helps researchers understand intentional control

Researchers have devised a brain machine interface (BMI) that allows mice to learn to guide a cursor using only their brain activity. By monitoring this mouse-controlled mouse moving to a target location to receive a reward, the researchers were able to study how the brain represents intentional control.

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Chemists synthesize 'flat' silicon compounds

Chemists have synthesized extremely unusual compounds. Their central building block is a silicon atom. Different from usual, however, is the arrangement of the four bonding partners of the atom, which are not in the form of a tetrahedron around it, but flat like a trapezoid. This arrangement is usually energetically extremely unfavorable, yet the molecules are very stable.

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In shaky times, focus on past successes, if overly anxious, depressed

The more chaotic things get, the harder it is for people with clinical anxiety and/or depression to make sound decisions and to learn from their mistakes. On a positive note, overly anxious and depressed people's judgment can improve if they focus on what they get right, instead of what they get wrong, suggests a new study.

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Fluvial mapping of Mars

It took fifteen years of imaging and nearly three years of stitching the pieces together to create the largest image ever made, the 8-trillion-pixel mosaic of Mars' surface. Now, the first study to utilize the image in its entirety provides unprecedented insight into the ancient river systems that once covered the expansive plains in the planet's southern hemisphere.

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A powerful computational tool for efficient analysis of cell division 4D image data

A research team has developed a novel computational tool that can reconstruct and visualize three-dimensional (3D) shapes and temporal changes of cells, speeding up the analyzing process from hundreds of hours by hand to a few hours by the computer. Revolutionizing the way biologists analyze image data, this tool can advance further studies in developmental and cell biology, such as the growth of cancer cells.

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Extracting energy from manure to meet peak heating demands

Cornell University is developing a system to extract energy from cattle manure to meet the campus's peak demands for heat in the winter months. Scientists involved with the project give a detailed analysis of the issues required to make this work, including scientific, economic, and energy policy considerations.

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How a large protein complex assembles in a cell

A team of researchers has developed a method that allows them to study the assembly process for large protein complexes in detail for the first time. As their case study, the biologists chose one of the largest cellular complexes: the nuclear pore complex in yeast cells.

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Scientists invent glue activated by magnetic field

Scientists have developed a new way to cure adhesives using a magnetic field.

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Droughts, viruses and road networks: Trends that will impact our forests

A new study assembled an array of experts to highlight major trends that will impact the world's forests, and the people living around them, in the decade ahead. These trends include drought, viral outbreaks and vast infrastructure expansions across the globe. According to the researchers, a global strategy for human-nature interaction must be developed if we intend on ensuring the survival of both.

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Brain gene expression patterns predict behavior of individual honey bees

An unusual study that involved bar coding and tracking the behavior of thousands of individual honey bees in six queenless bee hives and analyzing gene expression in their brains offers new insights into how gene regulation contributes to social behavior.

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Japanese art technique inspires new engineering technique

A team of engineers is using ideas taken from paper-folding practices to create a sophisticated alternative to 3D printing.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pk3hdM

Mouse-controlled mouse helps researchers understand intentional control

Researchers have devised a brain machine interface (BMI) that allows mice to learn to guide a cursor using only their brain activity. By monitoring this mouse-controlled mouse moving to a target location to receive a reward, the researchers were able to study how the brain represents intentional control.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3hddtSg

In shaky times, focus on past successes, if overly anxious, depressed

The more chaotic things get, the harder it is for people with clinical anxiety and/or depression to make sound decisions and to learn from their mistakes. On a positive note, overly anxious and depressed people's judgment can improve if they focus on what they get right, instead of what they get wrong, suggests a new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WEkmm9

Potential new drug target to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma

In order to improve their understanding of how CTCL develops in hopes of developing new therapies, a team of scientists conducted a series of studies. They demonstrate that decreased expression of the protein SATB1 contributes to CTCL development and that drugs that cause SATB1 to become re-expressed may be potential treatment options for this disease.

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Sex-specific Alzheimer's treatment could benefit males over females

A new study found a specific Alzheimer's treatment is effective in male and not female mice, providing a window into the biology of the disease and the effectiveness of targeted treatments.

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Diseased cell fragments burst from pockets in immune cells to activate response

Researchers have uncovered an important process in how our immune system detects signs of disease and activates a protective response. This understanding could improve efforts to find new and effective immunotherapy treatments for diseases like cancer.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WEJzx0

Monday, December 21, 2020

Melody of an Alpine summit falling apart

The summit of the 2592 meters high Hochvogel is sliced by dangerous fracture which continues to open. It is difficult to judge when the summit might crack. Researchers are developing a new monitoring method. Seismic sensors measure the summit's natural vibration. The pitch of the mountain changes depending on the tension in the rock allowing unique conclusions about the development of a landslide.

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Scientists complete yearlong pulsar timing study after reviving dormant radio telescopes

While the scientific community grapples with the loss of the Arecibo radio telescope, astronomers who revived a long-dormant radio telescope array in Argentina hope it can help compensate for the work Arecibo did in pulsar timing. Last year, scientists began a pulsar timing study using two upgraded radio telescopes in Argentina.

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Ecosystem dynamics: Topological phases in biological systems

Physicists have shown that topological phases could exist in biology, and in so doing they have identified a link between solid-state physics and biophysics.

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CRISPR helps researchers uncover how corals adjust to warming oceans

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system can help scientists understand, and possibly improve, how corals respond to the environmental stresses of climate change. New work details how the revolutionary, Nobel Prize-winning technology can be deployed to guide conservation efforts for fragile reef ecosystems.

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Citizens versus the internet: Confronting digital challenges with cognitive tools

Researchers recommend ways that psychological and behavioral sciences can help decrease the negative consequences of Internet use. These recommendations emphasize helping people gain greater control over their digital environments.

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New phase for synthetic aperture microscopy

Although SAM is undoubtedly a promising approach, current implementations lack in both spatial resolution and frame rate to be useful for emerging applications.

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Gene pathway linked to schizophrenia identified through stem cell engineering

Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells engineered from a single family's blood samples, a gene signaling pathway linked to a higher risk for developing schizophrenia was discovered.

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New model reveals previously unrecognized complexity of oceanic earthquake zones

Researchers constructed a state-of-the-art model based on seismic data from the January 2020 Caribbean earthquake. The model revealed considerable complexity in rupture speed and direction, related to a bend in the fault that triggered several rupture episodes. The analysis revealed previously unrecognized complexity of rupture processes and fault geometry in ocean faults that had been assumed to be simple and linear, with implications for future earthquake modeling and a possible interaction with seafloor evolution.

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Fungal RNA viruses: Unexpected complexity affecting more than your breakfast omelet

Traditional approaches for studying fungal RNA viruses have relied upon sequence similarity, resulting in an underestimation of RNA viral genome diversity. Researchers have now used an advanced technological approach called Fragmented and Primer Ligated Double Stranded RNA sequencing, or FLDS, to identify viral sequences that were previously overlooked. They identified novel viruses and viral genome structures and show that FLDS is a powerful tool for understanding RNA viral genome diversity.

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Citizens versus the internet: Confronting digital challenges with cognitive tools

Researchers recommend ways that psychological and behavioral sciences can help decrease the negative consequences of Internet use. These recommendations emphasize helping people gain greater control over their digital environments.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3hl6RBD

Gene pathway linked to schizophrenia identified through stem cell engineering

Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells engineered from a single family's blood samples, a gene signaling pathway linked to a higher risk for developing schizophrenia was discovered.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37GZTUh

Antigen tests -- are self-collected nasal swabs a reliable option?

Under certain conditions, antigen testing using self-collected swabs from the anterior nose may constitute a reliable alternative to antigen testing using nasopharyngeal swabs collected by health professionals.

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Biotech cotton key to eliminating devastating pest from US and Mexico

A collaboration between the University of Arizona, cotton growers, and government and industry partners eradicated the pink bollworm -- one of the world's most damaging crop pests -- from the United States and Mexico.

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Light signal emitted during photosynthesis used to quickly screen crops

Researchers have revealed a new approach to estimate the photosynthetic capacity of crops to pinpoint their top-performing traits and speed up the plant screening process, according to a new study.

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Antigen tests -- are self-collected nasal swabs a reliable option?

Under certain conditions, antigen testing using self-collected swabs from the anterior nose may constitute a reliable alternative to antigen testing using nasopharyngeal swabs collected by health professionals.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mAQIbX

New energy conversion layer for biosolar cells

A research team has produced a semi-artificial electrode that could convert light energy into other forms of energy in biosolar cells. The technique is based on the photosynthesis protein Photosystem I from cyanobacteria. The group showed that they could couple their system with an enzyme that used the converted light energy to produce hydrogen.

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When light and atoms share a common vibe

Scientists demonstrate a state of vibration that exists simultaneously at two different times. They evidence this quantum superposition by measuring the strongest class of quantum correlations between light beams that interact with the vibration.

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How one pain suppresses the other

When two painful stimuli act on us at the same time, we perceive one of them as less painful. This phenomenon is part of the body's own pain control system. A dysfunction of this inhibition is associated with chronic pain disorders.

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Brain stem cells divide over months

Scientists have been able to observe the way stem cells in the adult brains of mice divide over the course of months to create new nerve cells. Their study shows that brain stem cells are active over a long period, and thus provides new insights that will feed into stem cell research.

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Study resolves the position of fleas on the tree of life

A study of more than 1,400 protein-coding genes of fleas has resolved one of the longest standing mysteries in the evolution of insects, reordering their placement in the tree of life and pinpointing who their closest relatives are.

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Meteoric evidence for a previously unknown asteroid

A team of scientists has identified a potentially new meteorite parent asteroid by studying a small shard of a meteorite that arrived on Earth a dozen years ago. The composition of a piece of the meteorite Almahata Sitta (AhS) indicates that its parent body was an asteroid roughly the size of Ceres, the largest object in the main asteroid belt, and formed in the presence of water under intermediate temperatures and pressures.

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Looking for dark matter near neutron stars with radio telescopes

In 1983, theoretical physicist Pierre Sikivie found that axions have another remarkable property: In the presence of an electromagnetic field, they should sometimes spontaneously convert to easily detectable photons. What was once thought to be completely undetectable, turned out to be potentially detectable as long as there is high enough concentration of axions and strong magnetic fields.

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Big step with small whirls

Skyrmions are small magnetic objects that could revolutionize the data storage industry and also enable new computer architectures. However, there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome. A team of researchers has succeeded for the first time in producing a tunable multilayer system in which two different types of skyrmions - the future bits for '0' and '1' - can exist at room temperature.

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The mechanics of the immune system

Not only chemistry plays a role in the docking of antigens to the T-cell; micromechanical effects are important too. Submicrometer structures on the cell surface act like microscopic tension springs. Tiny forces that occur as a result are likely to be of great importance for the recognition of antigens. It has now become possible to observe these forces directly using highly developed microscopy methods.

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How Colorado potato beetles beat pesticides

New research shows that pesticides alter how Colorado potato beetles manage their DNA. These epigenetic changes were passed down two generations suggesting that rapid resistance to pesticides may not require beetles to evolve their genetic code. Instead they may simply use existing genes to tolerate toxins already found in potatoes. The scientists were surprised that these epigenetic changes, triggered by tiny doses of pesticide, were maintained through multiple rounds of sexual reproduction.

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How cancers hurt themselves to hurt immune cells more

A study of melanoma cells explains a puzzling response they exhibit to ward off T cell attacks.

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Goldilocks and the three quantum dots: Just right for peak solar panel performance

Maximizing the efficiency of renewable energy technology is dependent on creating nanoparticles with ideal dimensions and density, new simulations have shown.

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Difference in blood pressure between arms linked to greater early death risk

Robust evidence from a large international study confirms that a difference in blood pressure readings between arms is linked to greater risk of heart attack, stroke and death.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mCHKuT

Exposure to metals can impact pregnancy

Exposure to metals such as nickel, arsenic, cobalt and lead may disrupt a woman's hormones during pregnancy, according to a new study.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34ARIXv

Water and genes flow between the two largest Baltic salmon rivers

Salmon from upstream reaches of the two northernmost Baltic rivers are different from downstream salmon. A recent study found that upstream salmon from the large Tornio and Kalix Rivers in Finland and Sweden are genetically distinct and migrate at different times and ages than their downstream counterparts. However, there seems to be no such distinction between salmon from these two neighboring rivers.

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Targeting the deadly coils of Ebola

Computer simulations of the Ebola virus structure are helping to crack its defenses. Ebola virus nucleocapsid stability conferred by RNA electrostatic interactions.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pq43Gb

Drinking milk while breastfeeding may reduce the child's food allergy risk

Children of mothers who drink relatively more cow's milk during breastfeeding are at reduced risk of developing food allergies.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37EXOIl

Medical oddity reveals unheard-of 'immunity gene' mutations and new way to screen them

Researchers baffled by an infant's rare encephalitis case unusual in children found unheard-of mutations and a new way to examine the 'immunity gene.'

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New topological properties found in 'old' material of Cobalt disulfide

Researchers have discovered the presence of Weyl nodes in bulk CoS2 that allow them to make predictions about its surface properties. The material hosts Weyl-fermions and Fermi-arc surface states within its band structure, which may enable it to serve as a platform for exotic phenomena.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rkkDJh

The mechanics of the immune system

Not only chemistry plays a role in the docking of antigens to the T-cell; micromechanical effects are important too. Submicrometer structures on the cell surface act like microscopic tension springs. Tiny forces that occur as a result are likely to be of great importance for the recognition of antigens. It has now become possible to observe these forces directly using highly developed microscopy methods.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aA7DsS

How cancers hurt themselves to hurt immune cells more

A study of melanoma cells explains a puzzling response they exhibit to ward off T cell attacks.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aJFHTJ

Difference in blood pressure between arms linked to greater early death risk

Robust evidence from a large international study confirms that a difference in blood pressure readings between arms is linked to greater risk of heart attack, stroke and death.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mCHKuT

Exposure to metals can impact pregnancy

Exposure to metals such as nickel, arsenic, cobalt and lead may disrupt a woman's hormones during pregnancy, according to a new study.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34ARIXv

Targeting the deadly coils of Ebola

Computer simulations of the Ebola virus structure are helping to crack its defenses. Ebola virus nucleocapsid stability conferred by RNA electrostatic interactions.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pq43Gb

Drinking milk while breastfeeding may reduce the child's food allergy risk

Children of mothers who drink relatively more cow's milk during breastfeeding are at reduced risk of developing food allergies.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37EXOIl

Medical oddity reveals unheard-of 'immunity gene' mutations and new way to screen them

Researchers baffled by an infant's rare encephalitis case unusual in children found unheard-of mutations and a new way to examine the 'immunity gene.'

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rjKBMM

New topological properties found in 'old' material of Cobalt disulfide

Climate warming linked to tree leaf unfolding and flowering growing apart

Climate warming is linked to a widening interval between leaf unfolding and flowering in European trees, with implications for tree fitness and the wider environment, according to new research.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3pfkbdw

Sunday, December 20, 2020

Long non-coding RNA may play a key role in cardiovascular disease

Through utilization of genetically modified high-risk atherosclerotic mice, researchers have identified and characterized Macrophage-Associated Atherosclerosis lncRNA Sequence (MAARS), which is expressed specifically in macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques and contributes to the progression of the disease.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3h7a8nD

Plants can be larks or night owls just like us

Plants have the same variation in body clocks as that found in humans, according to new research that explores the genes governing circadian rhythms in plants.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WzlRC1

Water limitations in the tropics offset carbon uptake from Arctic greening

More plants and longer growing seasons in the northern latitudes have converted parts of Alaska, Canada and Siberia to deeper shades of green. Some studies translate this Arctic greening to a greater global carbon uptake. But new research shows that as Earth's climate is changing, increased carbon absorption by plants in the Arctic is being offset by a corresponding decline in the tropics.

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King of the Cave: New centipede on top of the food chain in the sulphurous-soaked Movile

A new species of endemic, troglobiont centipede was discovered by an international team of scientists in the Romanian cave Movile: a unique underground ecosystem, isolated several millions years ago during the Neogene, whose animal life only exists because of the chemosynthetic bacteria. As the largest Movile's inhabitant, the new species can easily be crowned as the 'king' of this 'hellish' ecosystem.

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New class of cobalt-free cathodes could enhance energy density of next-gen lithium-ion batteries

Researchers have developed a new family of cathodes with the potential to replace the costly cobalt-based cathodes typically found in today's lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles and consumer electronics.

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The incredible, variable bacteria living in your mouth

Researchers have examined the human oral microbiome and discovered tremendous variability in bacterial subpopulations living in certain areas of the mouth. In many cases, the team was able to identify a handful of genes that might explain a particular bacterial group's habitat specificity.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37xPdXM

Low-income preschoolers exposed to nurturing care have with higher IQ scores later on

Preschoolers living in impoverished communities who have access to a nurturing home environment have significantly higher intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in adolescence compared to those raised without nurturing care.

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Shifting gears toward chemical machines

Researchers have utilized a catalytic reaction that causes a two-dimensional, chemically-coated sheet to spontaneously 'morph' into a three-dimensional gear that performs sustained work.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34uVRw8

Living environment affects the microbiota and health of both dogs and their owners

In urban environments, allergic diseases are more common among dogs and their owners compared to those living in rural areas. Simultaneous allergic traits appear to be associated with the microbes found in the environment, but microbes relevant to health differ between dogs and humans.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ar2S4L

The incredible, variable bacteria living in your mouth

Researchers have examined the human oral microbiome and discovered tremendous variability in bacterial subpopulations living in certain areas of the mouth. In many cases, the team was able to identify a handful of genes that might explain a particular bacterial group's habitat specificity.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37xPdXM

Low-income preschoolers exposed to nurturing care have with higher IQ scores later on

Preschoolers living in impoverished communities who have access to a nurturing home environment have significantly higher intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in adolescence compared to those raised without nurturing care.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3rg0MdV

Living environment affects the microbiota and health of both dogs and their owners

In urban environments, allergic diseases are more common among dogs and their owners compared to those living in rural areas. Simultaneous allergic traits appear to be associated with the microbes found in the environment, but microbes relevant to health differ between dogs and humans.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ar2S4L

Saturday, December 19, 2020

Researchers use artificial intelligence to ID mosquitoes

Rapid and accurate identification of mosquitoes that transmit human pathogens such as malaria is an essential part of mosquito-borne disease surveillance. Now, researchers have shown the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence system -- known as a Convoluted Neural Network -- to classify mosquito sex, genus, species and strain.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37x0sQo

COVID-19 pandemic had big impact on commercial fishing in Northeast

With restaurants and supply chains disrupted due to the global coronavirus pandemic, two-fifths of commercial fishermen surveyed from Maine through North Carolina did not go fishing earlier this year, according to a new study that also documented their resilience and adaptation. Of those who kept fishing, nearly all reported a decline in income compared with previous years, according to the survey of 258 fishers in the Northeast.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3au2UJo

Researchers create model to calculate COVID-19 health outcomes

Researchers have created a machine-learning model to predict the probability that a COVID-19 patient will need a ventilator or ICU care. The tool is free and available online for any healthcare organization to use.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2LSAFK5

Growing numbers of critically endangered sawfish in Miami waters

A new collaborative study found evidence of growing numbers of critically endangered smalltooth sawfish within coastal waters off Miami, Florida, an area where the regular presence of this rare species had gone largely undocumented, until now.

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Prenatal testing has halved the number of babies born with Down syndrome in Europe, study finds

A new study finds that the growth of prenatal screening in Europe has reduced the number of babies being born per year with Down syndrome (DS) by an average of 54 percent.

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Researchers propose process to detect and contain emerging diseases

A global team of researchers is developing a strategy to detect and intercept diseases emerging from wildlife in Africa that could eventually infect humans.

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Scientists get the most realistic view yet of a coronavirus spike's protein structure

A new study, done on a mild-mannered relative of the virus that causes COVID-19, paves the way for seeing more clearly how spike proteins initiate infections, with an eye to preventing and treating them.

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Researchers propose process to detect and contain emerging diseases

A global team of researchers is developing a strategy to detect and intercept diseases emerging from wildlife in Africa that could eventually infect humans.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2LOcexf

Scientists get the most realistic view yet of a coronavirus spike's protein structure

A new study, done on a mild-mannered relative of the virus that causes COVID-19, paves the way for seeing more clearly how spike proteins initiate infections, with an eye to preventing and treating them.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mz6O5W

Stroke and altered mental state increase risk of death for COVID-19 patients

People hospitalized with COVID-19 and neurological problems including stroke and confusion, have a higher risk of dying than other COVID-19 patients, according to a new study. These findings have the potential to identify and focus treatment efforts on individuals most at risk and could decrease COVID-19 deaths.

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Stroke and altered mental state increase risk of death for COVID-19 patients

People hospitalized with COVID-19 and neurological problems including stroke and confusion, have a higher risk of dying than other COVID-19 patients, according to a new study. These findings have the potential to identify and focus treatment efforts on individuals most at risk and could decrease COVID-19 deaths.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WtCFu6

NYS can achieve 2050 carbon goals with Earth’s help

By delving into scientific, technological, environmental and economic data, engineering researchers examined whether New York could achieve a statewide carbon-free economy by 2050. Their finding: Yes, New York can reach this goal - and do it with five years to spare.

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How does the brain manage its learning?

Scientists reveal a critical role for a brain area called the perirhinal cortex in managing this learning process.

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Developing smarter, faster machine intelligence with light

Researchers have developed an optical convolutional neural network accelerator capable of processing large amounts of information, on the order of petabytes, per second.

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Devastating skin disease covering up to 70% of a dolphin's body tied to climate change

Researchers provide the first-ever case definition for fresh-water skin disease in bottlenose dolphins tied to climate change. The study has major implications for the current outbreak in Australia, which is impacting the rare and threatened Burrunan dolphin in southeast Australia, and could provide professionals with the information needed to diagnose and treat affected animals.

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Nanotechnology: Nanoparticles as weapons against cancer

Researchers have developed a novel type of nanoparticle that efficiently and selectively kills cancer cells, thus opening up new therapeutic options for the treatment of tumors.

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Roadmap to renewables unites climate and sustainability goals

Are clean energy plans missing the forest for the GHGs? A new study presents a roadmap to renewables that unites climate change and biodiversity goals.

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Satellite data identifies companies fishing in high seas

A team of researchers, using satellite data and other analytical tools, has identified companies fishing in high seas -- waters that lie outside of national jurisdiction where fishing has raised fears about environmental and labor violations.

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How does the brain manage its learning?

Scientists reveal a critical role for a brain area called the perirhinal cortex in managing this learning process.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/34t0Zky

Nanotechnology: Nanoparticles as weapons against cancer

Researchers have developed a novel type of nanoparticle that efficiently and selectively kills cancer cells, thus opening up new therapeutic options for the treatment of tumors.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3r9JcbE

CAPTUREing Whole-Body 3D movements

Neuroscientists have made major advances in their quest to study the brain; however, there are no tools to precisely measure the brain's principal output -- behavior -- in freely moving animals. Researchers present CAPTURE, a new method for long-term continuous three-dimension motion tracking in freely behaving animals. Attaching markers to rats' head, trunk, and limbs, researchers can use CAPTURE to record the animal's natural behavior continuously for weeks.

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New way to deliver DNA-based therapies for diseases

Researchers have created a new polymer to deliver DNA and RNA-based therapies for diseases. For the first time in the industry, the researchers were able to see exactly how polymers interact with human cells when delivering medicines into the body. This discovery opens the door for more widespread use of polymers in applications like gene therapy and vaccine development.

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CAPTUREing Whole-Body 3D movements

Neuroscientists have made major advances in their quest to study the brain; however, there are no tools to precisely measure the brain's principal output -- behavior -- in freely moving animals. Researchers present CAPTURE, a new method for long-term continuous three-dimension motion tracking in freely behaving animals. Attaching markers to rats' head, trunk, and limbs, researchers can use CAPTURE to record the animal's natural behavior continuously for weeks.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KGh1QZ

New way to deliver DNA-based therapies for diseases

Researchers have created a new polymer to deliver DNA and RNA-based therapies for diseases. For the first time in the industry, the researchers were able to see exactly how polymers interact with human cells when delivering medicines into the body. This discovery opens the door for more widespread use of polymers in applications like gene therapy and vaccine development.

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Researchers monitor bees by 'dressing' them in high visibility retro-reflective vests

A team have been trialing new, low-cost ways to monitor bee species in the UK, by dressing bees in high visibility retro-reflective vests.

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AI-supported test predicts eye disease three years before symptoms

A pioneering new eye test may predict wet AMD, a leading cause of severe sight loss, three years before symptoms develop, finds a new study.

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AI-supported test predicts eye disease three years before symptoms

A pioneering new eye test may predict wet AMD, a leading cause of severe sight loss, three years before symptoms develop, finds a new study.

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Friday, December 18, 2020

Machine intelligence accelerates research into mapping brains

Scientists have used machine intelligence to improve the accuracy and reliability of a powerful brain-mapping technique, a new study reports. Their development gives researchers more confidence in using the technique to untangle the human brain's wiring and to better understand the changes in this wiring that accompany neurological or mental disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease.

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Cell atlas of tropical disease parasite may hold key to new treatments

The first cell atlas of an important life stage of Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic worm that poses a risk to hundreds of millions of people each year, has been developed.

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Fibrous protein finding may lead to improved bioprinting, tissue engineering

Fibrous proteins such as collagen and fibrinogen form a thin solid layer on the surface of an aqueous solution similar to the 'skin' that forms on warm milk, according to a team of Penn State Researchers, who believe this finding could lead to more efficient bioprinting and tissue engineering.

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Growing human organs for transplantation with new proof-of-concept

With the number of people who suffer from organ failures and the growing need for available organs for transplant, finding a new way to provide organs and therapeutic options to transplant patients is a critical need. In a new article, researchers show for the first time that newly established stem cells from pigs could provide a solution, laying the groundwork for growing transplantable human organs.

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Protein linked to progressive lung scarring in scleroderma patients

Osteopontin is discovered as the culprit behind systemic sclerosis patients' main cause of death: lung fibrosis. However, a repurposed immunosuppressive drug may combat the pro-inflammatory protein.

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Green revolution saved over 100 million infant lives in developing world

New research shows that since modern crop varieties were introduced in the developing world starting in 1961, they have substantially reduced infant mortality, especially for male babies and among poor households.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3h3xYku

Exercise for low back pain beneficial but no one agrees on why

A new evidence review has found there is still no consensus between researchers about why exercise works for low back pain patients - despite decades of studies on the topic.

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The 'crazy beast' that lived among the dinosaurs

New research describes a bizarre 66 million-year-old mammal that provides profound new insights into the evolutionary history of mammals from the southern supercontinent Gondwana - recognized today as Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Growing human organs for transplantation with new proof-of-concept

With the number of people who suffer from organ failures and the growing need for available organs for transplant, finding a new way to provide organs and therapeutic options to transplant patients is a critical need. In a new article, researchers show for the first time that newly established stem cells from pigs could provide a solution, laying the groundwork for growing transplantable human organs.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KAhnsm

How long's too long? Effects of crosslinker length on anion-exchange membrane fuel cells

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells (AEMFCs), which produce electricity using hydrogen, are considered an alternative to currently used proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, AEMs have problems with stability in alkaline conditions, which can be overcome by crosslinking -- but effects of crosslinker length on AEMFC performance are not well understood. Now, scientists have elucidated such effects for oxygen-containing crosslinkers and, using an optimally long crosslinker, produced a novel AEMFC with greater performance.

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Protein linked to progressive lung scarring in scleroderma patients

Osteopontin is discovered as the culprit behind systemic sclerosis patients' main cause of death: lung fibrosis. However, a repurposed immunosuppressive drug may combat the pro-inflammatory protein.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gZhDNz

Green revolution saved over 100 million infant lives in developing world

New research shows that since modern crop varieties were introduced in the developing world starting in 1961, they have substantially reduced infant mortality, especially for male babies and among poor households.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3h3xYku

Machine learning boosts the search for 'superhard' materials

Superhard materials are in high demand in industry, from energy production to aerospace, but finding suitable new materials has largely been a matter of trial and error based on classical materials such as diamonds. Now researchers have reported a machine learning model that can accurately predict the hardness of new materials, allowing scientists to more readily find compounds suitable for use in a variety of applications.

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Exercise for low back pain beneficial but no one agrees on why

A new evidence review has found there is still no consensus between researchers about why exercise works for low back pain patients - despite decades of studies on the topic.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37tkFGL

Can mammogram screening be more effective?

Economists have identified an important challenge in designing age-related guidelines for when to start breast cancer screenings: Women who start getting mammograms at age 40 may be healthier than the population of 40-year-old women as a whole, with a lower incidence of breast cancer at that age.

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Method finds hidden warning signals in measurements collected over time

Researchers have developed a deep learning-based algorithm to detect anomalies in time series data. The technology could provide advance warning of potential failures in systems ranging from satellites to computer data centers.

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Can mammogram screening be more effective?

Economists have identified an important challenge in designing age-related guidelines for when to start breast cancer screenings: Women who start getting mammograms at age 40 may be healthier than the population of 40-year-old women as a whole, with a lower incidence of breast cancer at that age.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gYaCfO

Artificial intelligence classifies supernova explosions with unprecedented accuracy

Scientists have trained machine learning software to classify supernovae without the traditional use of spectra. The project -- the first to use real supernovae data to inform its artificial intelligence -- is 82% accurate. Currently, scientists take spectra of 10-percent of the ~10,000 supernovae discovered each year. When the Rubin Observatory goes online, only 0.1-percent of the expected supernovae discoveries will be further studied without the new software.

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Errant DNA boosts immunotherapy effectiveness

DNA that ends up where it doesn't belong in cancer cells can unleash an immune response that makes tumors more susceptible to immunotherapy, the results of two new studies indicate. The findings suggest that delivering radiation - which triggers DNA release from cells - before immunotherapy could be an effective way to fight cancers that are challenging to treat.

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Optogenetic method can reveal how gut microbes affect longevity

Optogenetics offers a direct way to manipulate gut bacterial metabolism in a temporally, quantitatively and spatially controlled manner and enhance host fitness.

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Errant DNA boosts immunotherapy effectiveness

DNA that ends up where it doesn't belong in cancer cells can unleash an immune response that makes tumors more susceptible to immunotherapy, the results of two new studies indicate. The findings suggest that delivering radiation - which triggers DNA release from cells - before immunotherapy could be an effective way to fight cancers that are challenging to treat.

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Optogenetic method can reveal how gut microbes affect longevity

Optogenetics offers a direct way to manipulate gut bacterial metabolism in a temporally, quantitatively and spatially controlled manner and enhance host fitness.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nvF97q

Can white dwarfs help solve the cosmological lithium problem?

For the first time, lithium has been identified and measured in the atmosphere of a white dwarf. The finding provides clues for what's become of the lithium expected from the Big Bang.

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Thursday, December 17, 2020

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected measles vaccination rates?

Researchers evaluated changes in measles vaccination rates from before the pandemic to this summer, when return for clinical care was encouraged. Finding a steep and lasting decline, the researchers are making efforts to improve timely vaccination and provide safe catch-up opportunities to children in their pediatric primary care network.

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Coronavirus spread during dental procedures could be reduced with slower drill rotation

Researchers have found that careful selection and operation of dental drills can minimize the spread of COVID-19 through aerosols.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ahp9SJ

Reliable COVID-19 test could reduce virus spread

A unique test that targets three viral genes to increase reliability could cut COVID-19 detection time to 20 minutes, according to a new study.

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Genes could be key to new COVID-19 treatments, study finds

Genes involved in two molecular processes -- antiviral immunity and lung inflammation -- were pinpointed in new research. The breakthrough will help doctors understand how COVID-19 damages lungs at a molecular level.

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Training methods based on punishment compromise dog welfare, study finds

After aversive training, dogs had a lower behavioral state (higher stress and anxiety), a new study has found. If aversive methods were used in high proportions, that persisted even in other contexts.

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Genes could be key to new COVID-19 treatments, study finds

Genes involved in two molecular processes -- antiviral immunity and lung inflammation -- were pinpointed in new research. The breakthrough will help doctors understand how COVID-19 damages lungs at a molecular level.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ahhZhj

Men over 50 have same success with vasectomy reversal outcomes as younger men

In good news for older men, a new study shows that men over 50 who undergo a vasectomy reversal had the same rate of pregnancy with their partners as their younger counterparts.

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Shark fishing bans partially effective

Bans on shark fishing are only partially effective in protecting sharks, new research suggests.

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Oral contraceptive pills protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer

A comprehensive study involving more than 250,000 women, shows that oral contraceptive use protects against ovarian and endometrial cancer. The protective effect remains for several decades after discontinuing the use.

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Men over 50 have same success with vasectomy reversal outcomes as younger men

In good news for older men, a new study shows that men over 50 who undergo a vasectomy reversal had the same rate of pregnancy with their partners as their younger counterparts.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/37pXPjk

Oral contraceptive pills protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer

A comprehensive study involving more than 250,000 women, shows that oral contraceptive use protects against ovarian and endometrial cancer. The protective effect remains for several decades after discontinuing the use.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gZOFNI

Wednesday, December 16, 2020

Potential treatment approach kills lymphoma while sparing healthy cells

Scientists at Scripps Research have demonstrated a promising new strategy for treating lymphomas, a group of cancers that begin in infection-fighting cells of the immune system called lymphocytes.

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Experimental vaccine can counter dangerous effects of synthetic cannabinoids

Made in clandestine laboratories and sold widely across the United States, the diverse class of drugs known as synthetic cannabinoids presents a growing public health threat. In a new study, scientists have devised a way to deactivate these designer drugs after they've been administered -- offering a potential path for treating addiction and overdose.

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How the spread of the internet is changing migration

The spread of the Internet is shaping migration in profound ways. A new study of over 150 countries links Internet penetration with migration intentions and behaviors, suggesting that digital connectivity plays a key role in migration decisions and actively supports the migration process.

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Dark storm on Neptune reverses direction, possibly shedding a fragment

Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope watched a mysterious dark vortex on Neptune abruptly steer away from a likely death on the giant blue planet.

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Researchers identify neurons that control nausea-like responses in mice

Researchers have identified neurons that regulate nausea-like responses in mice. When these neurons are experimentally turned on, nausea-like responses can be activated regardless of exposure to nausea-triggering substances. Without these neurons, nausea-like responses to poisons are lost. The results shed light on the sensation of nausea and present new targets for the design of improved, more precise antinausea medications.

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Driving force behind cellular 'protein factories' identified

Researchers have identified the driving force behind a cellular process linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and motor neuron disease.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2K1Z4MP

Potential treatment approach kills lymphoma while sparing healthy cells

Scientists at Scripps Research have demonstrated a promising new strategy for treating lymphomas, a group of cancers that begin in infection-fighting cells of the immune system called lymphocytes.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KbtDQ6

Experimental vaccine can counter dangerous effects of synthetic cannabinoids

Made in clandestine laboratories and sold widely across the United States, the diverse class of drugs known as synthetic cannabinoids presents a growing public health threat. In a new study, scientists have devised a way to deactivate these designer drugs after they've been administered -- offering a potential path for treating addiction and overdose.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ns6mb3

Researchers identify neurons that control nausea-like responses in mice

Researchers have identified neurons that regulate nausea-like responses in mice. When these neurons are experimentally turned on, nausea-like responses can be activated regardless of exposure to nausea-triggering substances. Without these neurons, nausea-like responses to poisons are lost. The results shed light on the sensation of nausea and present new targets for the design of improved, more precise antinausea medications.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mxtunm

Driving force behind cellular 'protein factories' identified

Researchers have identified the driving force behind a cellular process linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and motor neuron disease.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2K1Z4MP

Novel biomarkers predict the development of incident heart failure

Researchers have discovered several new biomarkers that are associated with incident heart failure. In a new study, several inflammatory biomarkers and cell energy metabolites were linked to an increased risk of incident heart failure.

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Researchers expose power of enzyme on key immune cells

Communication, serendipity and an enzyme called DOT1L have all combined to produce some exciting findings into the immune system's B cells and T cells. These findings could result in further studies into a target for asthma and allergies, and fundamental work exploring the formation of immunity itself.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2WoT4A0

New insights into Fragile X syndrome and the fetal brain

Researchers have revealed further insight into the fetal development of our brain and the potential causes of Fragile X syndrome (FSX).

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New study links cadmium to more severe flu, pneumonia infections

High levels of cadmium, a chemical found in cigarettes and in contaminated vegetables, are associated with higher death rates in patients with influenza or pneumonia -- and may increase the severity of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses, according to a new study.

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New insights into Fragile X syndrome and the fetal brain

Researchers have revealed further insight into the fetal development of our brain and the potential causes of Fragile X syndrome (FSX).

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2Wlq78e

Three pillars of mental health: Good sleep, exercise, raw fruits and veggies

Getting good quality sleep, exercising, and eating more raw fruits and vegetables predicts better mental health and well-being in young adults, a study has found.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gQWS6N

Lipid identified in human breast milk may play important role in early childhood weight

A lipid metabolite called 12,13-diHOME is in human breast milk. The authors of the study propose that 12,13-diHOME, as well as linked pathway metabolites from breast milk, have a protective effect against obesity development in offspring. They also suggest that a single bout of maternal exercise may boost levels of the metabolite in breast milk and that may translate into benefits for offspring in terms of healthy growth and development.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/38bPrTA

The DNA regions in our brain that contribute to make us human

With only 1% difference, the human and chimpanzee protein-coding genomes are remarkably similar. Understanding the biological features that make us human is part of a fascinating and intensely debated line of research. Researchers have developed a new approach to pinpoint, for the first time, adaptive human-specific changes in the way genes are regulated in the brain.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mqBq9R

Three pillars of mental health: Good sleep, exercise, raw fruits and veggies

Getting good quality sleep, exercising, and eating more raw fruits and vegetables predicts better mental health and well-being in young adults, a study has found.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3gQWS6N

Lipid identified in human breast milk may play important role in early childhood weight

A lipid metabolite called 12,13-diHOME is in human breast milk. The authors of the study propose that 12,13-diHOME, as well as linked pathway metabolites from breast milk, have a protective effect against obesity development in offspring. They also suggest that a single bout of maternal exercise may boost levels of the metabolite in breast milk and that may translate into benefits for offspring in terms of healthy growth and development.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/38bPrTA

The DNA regions in our brain that contribute to make us human

With only 1% difference, the human and chimpanzee protein-coding genomes are remarkably similar. Understanding the biological features that make us human is part of a fascinating and intensely debated line of research. Researchers have developed a new approach to pinpoint, for the first time, adaptive human-specific changes in the way genes are regulated in the brain.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mqBq9R

Babbler bird falls into climate change trap

Animals can fall into an 'ecological trap' by altering their behavior in the 'wrong direction' in response to climate change, researchers say.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2J0uFxS

Extracting precious zinc from waste ash

Incineration of solid waste produces millions of tons of waste fly ash in Europe each year, that most commonly ends up in landfill. But this ash often contains significant amounts of precious metals, such as zinc. A unique method can now help extract these precious metals, potentially leading to reductions in environmental pollution, landfill and transport.

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A new method for the functionalization of graphene

A research team has demonstrated a novel process to modify the structure and properties of graphene, a one atom thick carbon.

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Evapotranspiration in an arid environment

Evapotranspiration is an important process in the water cycle because it is responsible for 15% of the atmosphere's water vapor. Without that input of water vapor, clouds could not form, and precipitation would never fall. It is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

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Oceanographers have an explanation for the Arctic's puzzling ocean turbulence

Oceanographers have an explanation for the Arctic's puzzling ocean turbulence: Their study suggests waters will become more turbulent as Arctic loses summertime ice.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3np4sI1

Type of sugar used to sweeten sheep milk kefir may improve consumer acceptance

The study of human emotions can be used to gauge the sensory acceptance of dairy products. A possible route to increase worldwide consumption of sheep milk kefir may be to improve its sensory acceptance, which can be a determining factor for its inclusion in daily diets. Scientists studied the effects of kefir sweetened with five different sugars on sensory acceptance and emotional profile in regular consumers of fermented dairy products.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nrj3mj

Device mimics life's first steps in outer space

A new device promises insight into how the building blocks of life form in outer space. It mimics how molecules come together in the freezing darkness of interstellar space.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2KdLfL0

Type of sugar used to sweeten sheep milk kefir may improve consumer acceptance

The study of human emotions can be used to gauge the sensory acceptance of dairy products. A possible route to increase worldwide consumption of sheep milk kefir may be to improve its sensory acceptance, which can be a determining factor for its inclusion in daily diets. Scientists studied the effects of kefir sweetened with five different sugars on sensory acceptance and emotional profile in regular consumers of fermented dairy products.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3nrj3mj

Nearly half of young drivers are resuming driving just weeks after sustaining a concussion

Researchers found that nearly half of adolescents who sought specialty care for a concussion were back to driving when asked approximately two weeks after the injury, even though few had returned to exercise and sports.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3r66qzA

COVID-19 preprint data rapidly influenced critical care practice

In a new research letter, researchers examine whether preprint data on the use of the corticosteroid dexamethasone influenced clinical practice in treating COVID-19 critical care patients throughout Australia.

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An unexpected role for the brain's immune cells

A team has uncovered that microglial cells constantly survey the brain to prevent spontaneous seizures. These findings could offer a new way to intervene in Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and autism.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3aakKkq

Tuesday, December 15, 2020

An avocado a day keeps your gut microbes happy, study shows

Eating avocado as part of your daily diet can help improve gut health, a new study shows. Avocados are a healthy food that is high in dietary fiber and monounsaturated fat. However, it was not clear how avocados impact the microbes in the gastrointestinal system or 'gut.'

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ns1S47

An avocado a day keeps your gut microbes happy, study shows

Eating avocado as part of your daily diet can help improve gut health, a new study shows. Avocados are a healthy food that is high in dietary fiber and monounsaturated fat. However, it was not clear how avocados impact the microbes in the gastrointestinal system or 'gut.'

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3ns1S47

Poverty linked to higher risk of COVID-19 death, study suggests

People in the poorest areas are more likely to be affected by severe COVID-19 -- and to die from the disease -- than those in more affluent districts, according to a study of critical care units.

from Top Health News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3r2vzL9

Monday, December 14, 2020

Marine pollution: How do plastic additives dilute in water and how risky are they?

New research shows that additives in plastic materials deployed or thrown in coastal environments diffuse into the environment at different rates. Their findings demonstrate how assessments of exposure risk based on the composition of the source plastic waste will be inaccurate, because this composition varies as plastics break down and additives dilute into the environment at different rates. A new evaluation method is needed, and these scientists have just the solution.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/2K7WGUH

Recovery of an endangered Caribbean coral from parrotfish predation

Orbicella annularis is an important Caribbean coral and an endangered species, yet it is also frequently predated by parrotfishes. Researchers have tracked the recovery of this coral species from parrotfish predation. They found that O. annularis coral tissue loss appears to be driven primarily by a few exceptionally large parrotfish predation scars. Fortunately, 87% of scars were small and likely to fully heal.

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High blood pressure at any age, no matter how long you have it, may speed cognitive decline

Memory, concentration and other cognitive functions decline faster among middle-aged and older adults who have high blood pressure than those who do not. Even seemingly slight blood pressure elevation during middle and older age is linked to a faster decline in cognition.

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Planning ahead protects fish and fisheries

Conservation of fish and other marine life migrating from warming ocean waters will be more effective and also protect commercial fisheries if plans are made now to cope with climate change, according to a new study.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3a8MPbO

Apathy could predict onset of dementia years before other symptoms

Apathy -- a lack of interest or motivation -- could predict the onset of some forms of dementia many years before symptoms start, offering a 'window of opportunity' to treat the disease at an early stage, according to new research.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://ift.tt/3mlOsFk