Preventable cardiac deaths during marathons are down

New findings indicate that while the rate of marathon runners who suffer cardiac arrests remained unchanged, their chance for survival is twice what it was in the past. Now, far fewer marathon runners who suffer cardiac arrest are dying of it.

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Martian dust could pose health risks to future astronauts

Inhaling dust particles from the Red Planet over long periods of time could put humans at risk of developing respiratory issues, thyroid disease and other health problems.

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Martian dust could pose health risks to future astronauts

Inhaling dust particles from the Red Planet over long periods of time could put humans at risk of developing respiratory issues, thyroid disease and other health problems.

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Hypertension causes kidney changes at an early stage

A research team has investigated structural changes in kidneys of patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The results show that high blood pressure can lead to abnormalities in the podocytes, specialized cells in the renal filter, even without other pre-existing conditions such as diabetes. The results underline the importance of early detection and consistent treatment of high blood pressure in order to prevent kidney damage.

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Compelling data point to a single, unknown respiratory virus as cause of Kawasaki disease

New research strongly suggests that Kawasaki disease is caused by a single respiratory virus that is yet to be identified. Findings contradict the theory that many different pathogens or toxins could cause this disease that can lead to serious cardiac complications in young children.

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New species revealed after 25 years of study on 'inside out' fossil -- and named after discoverer's mum

A new species of fossil is 444 million years-old with soft insides perfectly preserved. Research 'ultramarathon' saw palaeontologist puzzled by bizarre fossil for 25 years.

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Highly educated people face steeper mental declines after stroke

Stroke survivors who have attended some level of higher education may face even steeper mental declines, according to a study. The findings suggest that attending higher education may enable people to retain greater cognitive ability until a critical threshold of brain injury is reached after a stroke.

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Highly educated people face steeper mental declines after stroke

Stroke survivors who have attended some level of higher education may face even steeper mental declines, according to a study. The findings suggest that attending higher education may enable people to retain greater cognitive ability until a critical threshold of brain injury is reached after a stroke.

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Lasso-shaped antibiotic evades standard drug resistance

A small molecule shaped like a lasso may be a powerful tool in the fight against infectious diseases.

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Lasso-shaped antibiotic evades standard drug resistance

A small molecule shaped like a lasso may be a powerful tool in the fight against infectious diseases.

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New IVF method mimics fallopian tube environment, increasing sperm viability

The success of in vitro fertilization depends on many factors, one of which is sperm viability. A recent study documents a new way to select viable sperm and prolong their viability in the laboratory, reducing one source of variability during the process.

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Engineers develop a better way to deliver long-lasting drugs

Engineers devised a way to deliver drugs such as contraceptives by injecting them as suspended crystals. Once under the skin, the crystals assemble into a drug depot that can last for months or years, eliminating the need for frequent injections.

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Fatty liver linked to increased risk of death from several diseases

A comprehensive study shows that people with fatty liver disease have almost twice the mortality rate of the general population. They have an increased risk of dying from both liver diseases and common diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

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Motion sickness brain circuit may provide new options for treating obesity

Researchers describe a new brain circuit involved in motion sickness that also contributes to regulating body temperature and metabolic balance. The findings may provide unconventional strategies for the treatment of obesity.

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New rules for the game of memory

New research on the hippocampus, a brain area essential for memory, suggests that new rules of synaptic plasticity best explain how brain activity continually reshapes the way memories are recorded in the brain.

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Household electricity three times more expensive than upcoming 'eco-friendly' aviation e-fuels, study reveals

Existing tax policies during the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources will lead to major energy injustices and skewed priorities, new research shows.

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New function discovered for protein important in leukemia

In addition to exporting materials out of the nucleus, the protein, called Exportin-1 (also called Xpo1 or Crm1), seems to play a role in promoting gene transcription, the process that creates RNA replicas of strands of DNA to express genes.

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Boosting brain's waste removal system improves memory in old mice

Aging compromises the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain, disabling waste drainage from the brain and impacting cognitive function. Researchers boosted lymphatic vessel integrity in old mice and found improvements in their memory compared with old mice without rejuvenated lymphatic vessels.

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New eye drops slow vision loss in animals

Researchers have developed eye drops that extend vision in animal models of a group of inherited diseases that lead to progressive vision loss in humans, known as retinitis pigmentosa.

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Boosting brain's waste removal system improves memory in old mice

Aging compromises the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain, disabling waste drainage from the brain and impacting cognitive function. Researchers boosted lymphatic vessel integrity in old mice and found improvements in their memory compared with old mice without rejuvenated lymphatic vessels.

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Team finds regional, age-related trends in exposure to drug-resistant pathogen

Campylobacter infections are the most common foodborne illnesses in the U.S., sickening an estimated 1.5 million people each year. A new study examined records of Campylobacter jejuni infections from 10 states, plotting regional, age-related, and drug-resistance trends from 2013 to 2019. The study found that drug-resistant C. jejuni infections were highest in the 20-39 age group and that quinolone-resistant C. jejuni infections increased from 2013-2019. The researchers also identified regional differences in C. jejuni resistance to quinolones and six other classes of antibiotics.

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Bacteria invade brain after implanting medical devices

Brain implants hold immense promise for restoring function in patients with paralysis, epilepsy and other neurological disorders. But a team of researchers has discovered that bacteria can invade the brain after a medical device is implanted, contributing to inflammation and reducing the device's long-term effectiveness.

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Researchers find possible link between medication and unexpected blood clots

A study could be a step towards safer medications without serious side effects, researchers suggest.

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How big brains and flexible skulls led to the evolution of modern birds

New research shows how physical changes in the skull affected the mechanics of the way birds move and use their beaks to eat and explore their habitats -- adaptations that helped them evolve into the extraordinarily diverse winged creatures we see today.

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Iguanas floated one-fifth of the way around the world to colonize Fiji

The only iguanas outside the Americas, Fiji iguanas are an enigma. A new genetic analysis shows that they are most closely related to the North American desert iguana, having separated about 34 million years ago, around the same time that the islands emerged from the sea. This suggests that the iguanas rafted 5,000 miles across the Pacific from western North America to reach Fiji -- the longest known transoceanic dispersal of any land animal.

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Depressing findings for those suffering from eating disorders

New research shows that people with eating disorders are more harshly judged than those suffering from depression, making it much harder for them to seek treatment.

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Social media can help track species as climate changes

Social media can help scientists track animal species as they relocate in response to climate change, new research shows.

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New species of killifish from Kenya already critically endangered

A critically endangered new species of killifish sampled from an ancient forest in Kenya in 2017 and 2018 has now been described. Nothobranchius sylvaticus, from the Latin meaning 'pertaining to the forest', is also the first known endemic killifish to persist in a forest.

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Study highlights noninvasive hearing aid

A study highlights a new approach in addressing conductive hearing loss. A team of scientists has designed a new type of hearing aid that not only improves hearing but also offers a safe, non-invasive alternative to implantable devices and corrective surgeries.

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Delhi air pollution worse than expected as water vapor skews figures

New Delhi's air pollution is more severe than previously estimated with particles absorbing atmospheric water vapor leading to particulate matter levels across the city being underestimated by up to 20%.

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'Doomsday Clock' and patterns of mortality and mental health in the United States

A new study investigated the mortality and mental health correlates of the iconic Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Doomsday Clock.

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'Doomsday Clock' and patterns of mortality and mental health in the United States

A new study investigated the mortality and mental health correlates of the iconic Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Doomsday Clock.

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Water movement on surfaces makes more electric charge than expected

Researchers have discovered that water generates an electrical charge up to 10 times greater than previously understood when it moves across a surface. The team observed when a water droplet became stuck on a tiny bump or rough spot, the force built up until it 'jumped or slipped' past an obstacle, creating an irreversible charge that had not been reported before. The new understanding of this phenomenon paves the way for surface design with controlled electrification, with potential applications ranging from improving safety in fuel-holding systems to boosting energy storage and charging rates.

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Humans have a long way to go in understanding a dog's emotions

New research has revealed that people often do not perceive the true meaning of their pet's emotions and can misread their dog. The reasons for this are many and include a human misunderstanding of dog expressions due to a bias towards projecting human emotions onto our pets.

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Ammonia build-up kills liver cells but can be prevented using existing drug

High levels of ammonia kill liver cells by damaging the mitochondria that power the cells. But this can be prevented using an existing drug due to start clinical trials, finds a new study in mice.

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Mysterious phenomenon at center of galaxy could reveal new kind of dark matter

A mysterious phenomenon at the center of our galaxy could be the result of a different type of dark matter.

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Is red wine a healthier choice than white wine? Uncorking the cancer risks

Researchers have conducted a study that scours 'the vast and often contradictory literature on the carcinogenicity of red and white wine' to assess whether this assumption holds up, and to compare the cancer risks associated with wine type.

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High temperatures could affect brain function in preadolescents

Exposure to high ambient temperatures is associated with lower connectivity in three brain networks in preadolescents, suggesting that heat may impact brain function.

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Clinical trial tests novel stem-cell treatment for Parkinson's disease

A recently launched Phase 1 clinical trial is examining the safety and feasibility of a groundbreaking treatment approach for Parkinson's disease in which a patient's stem cells are reprogrammed to replace dopamine cells in the brain. The clinical trial, based on more than three decades of research, has treated three-of-six participants who will be tracked for more than a year.

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The changing chorus: How movements and memories influence birdsong evolution

New research has provided fresh insights into how bird songs evolve over time, revealing a significant role for population dynamics in shaping song diversity and change. The findings are based on an analysis of over 100,000 bird songs.

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Climate change threatens future of banana export industry

New research has found it will be economically unsustainable by 2080 for many areas across Latin America and the Caribbean to continue growing bananas for export, because of rising temperatures caused by climate change.

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Consumer devices can be used to assess brain health

Technology is changing how physicians think about assessing patients and, in turn, how patients expect to be able to measure their own health. Apps designed for smartphones and wearable devices can provide unique insights into users' brain health. It is estimated that 55 million individuals worldwide suffer from some form of dementia. Alzheimer's disease and related dementias being the leading causes, with numbers expected to triple by 2050.

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Insect populations are declining -- and that is not a good thing

Using two species of flies from different climates -- one from the cool, high-altitude forests of Northern California, the other hailing from the hot, dry deserts of the Southwest -- scientists discovered remarkable differences in the way each processes external temperature.

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The pot is already boiling for 2% of the world's amphibians

Amphibians are increasingly vulnerable to global warming, according to new research.

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Feeling is believing: Bionic hand 'knows' what it's touching, grasps like a human

Engineers have developed a pioneering prosthetic hand that can grip plush toys, water bottles, and other everyday objects like a human, carefully conforming and adjusting its grasp to avoid damaging or mishandling whatever it holds.

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Study establishes 'ball and chain' mechanism inactivates key mammalian ion channel

A new study has unveiled a precise picture of how an ion channel found in most mammalian cells regulates its own function with a 'ball-and-chain' channel-plugging mechanism. The findings boost the understanding of ion channel biology and could lead to new drugs that target these channels to treat disorders such as epilepsy and hypertension.

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Smartwatches could end the next pandemic

Everyday smartwatches are extremely accurate in detecting viral infection long before symptoms appear -- now, research shows how they could help stop a pandemic before it even begins.

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Study establishes 'ball and chain' mechanism inactivates key mammalian ion channel

A new study has unveiled a precise picture of how an ion channel found in most mammalian cells regulates its own function with a 'ball-and-chain' channel-plugging mechanism. The findings boost the understanding of ion channel biology and could lead to new drugs that target these channels to treat disorders such as epilepsy and hypertension.

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Caribou case study offers a new model to manage species at risk

Researchers are suggesting a more comprehensive approach for identifying at-risk wildlife populations -- such as caribou -- based on individual movement patterns. The article uses a long-term dataset of caribou wearing GPS collars across Western Canada. It identifies six distinct behavioral groups that would each deserve their own conservation actions.

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Kicking yourself: Going against one's better judgment amplifies self-blame

When people go along with opinions that go against their own, they feel more culpable for the decision if things go wrong than if they hadn't received another opinion, researchers have found.

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Innate immune training aggravates inflammatory bone loss

Researchers have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis.

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Interventions identified to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B in Africa

A new study that has the potential to change the landscape of hepatitis B transmission in Africa. Researchers conducted an analysis revealing key interventions that could effectively eliminate vertical transmission of chronic hepatitis B, one of the leading causes of liver cancer and cirrhosis in the region.

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Breakthrough study discovers genetic mutation could be basis for novel treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Research reveals how a specific mutation in a protein called TRAF1 can shut down an overactive immune response, dramatically reducing inflammation in mice. This discovery could pave the way for a new class of drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis, according to one of the authors. Using gene-editing technology, the researchers identified a critical mutation of a protein called TRAF1 and discovered that this mutation dramatically reduces inflammation by disrupting a critical molecular interaction that fuels the immune system into kicking into overdrive.

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Scientists track pneumonia-causing bacteria as they infect the blood stream

Researchers use a unique barcoding system to track K. pneumoniae bacteria as it moved throughout the body.

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Cracking the code on solid-state batteries

Researchers are working to enhance battery safety and efficiency by developing solid-state alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. These batteries offer improved energy efficiency and safety, but a major challenge has been the formation of an interphase layer at the junction of the solid electrolyte and cathode. This ultra-thin layer obstructs lithium ion and electron movement, increasing resistance and degrading battery performance.

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Scientists track pneumonia-causing bacteria as they infect the blood stream

Researchers use a unique barcoding system to track K. pneumoniae bacteria as it moved throughout the body.

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