Important additional driver of insect decline identified: Weather explains the decline and rise of insect biomass over 34 years

Combinations of unfavorable weather conditions over several years can cause a decline in insect biomass.

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Saturated fat may interfere with creating memories in aged brain

New research hints at a few ways fatty foods affect cells in the brain, a finding that could help explain the link between a high-fat diet and impaired memory -- especially as we age. A new study in cell cultures found the omega-3 fatty acid DHA may help protect the brain from an unhealthy diet's effects by curbing fat-induced inflammation at the cellular source.

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How the heart starts beating

Researchers discover that heart cells in developing zebrafish start beating suddenly and all at once

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Down goes antimatter! Gravity's effect on matter's elusive twin is revealed

For the first time, in a unique laboratory experiment at CERN, researchers have observed individual atoms of antihydrogen fall under the effects of gravity. In confirming antimatter and regular matter are gravitationally attracted, the finding rules out gravitational repulsion as the reason why antimatter is largely missing from the observable universe.

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Study sheds new light on strange lava worlds

In a new study, scientists have shown that sweeping molten oceans have a large influence on the observed properties of hot rocky Super-Earths, such as their size and evolutionary path.

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Increasing steps by 3,000 per day can lower blood pressure in older adults, study finds

An estimated 80 percent of older adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure. Maintaining healthy blood pressure can protect against serious conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, and strokes. A new study found that adding a relatively minimal amount of movement, about 3,000 steps per day, can significantly reduce high blood pressure in older adults.

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Efficient fuel-molecule sieving using graphene

A research team has successfully developed a new method that can prevent the crossover of large fuel molecules and suppress the degradation of electrodes in advanced fuel cell technology using methanol or formic acid. The successful sieving of the fuel molecules is achieved via selective proton transfers due to steric hindrance on holey graphene sheets that have chemical functionalization and act as proton-exchange membranes.

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Re-wetting is key for boosting CO2 storage in southern US peatlands

Maintaining a water level between 20 and 30 centimeters below the local water table will boost southern peatlands' carbon storage and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they release back into the atmosphere during dry periods by up to 90%, a new study finds. Applying this guideline on 100,000 acres of restored or partially restored peatlands across the Southeast could reduce U.S. carbon losses by 2% to 3% of our total national goal.

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Nanopore sequencing and DNA barcoding method gives hope of personalized medicine

With the ability to map dozens of biomarkers at once, a new method could transform testing for conditions including heart disease and cancer.

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Curiosity about religion is viewed as morally virtuous, new research finds

People from diverse religious backgrounds in the United States view curiosity about religion as morally virtuous, according to new research. Atheists also view this curiosity as moral, although less moral than a lack of religious curiosity.

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Young children do better at school if their dads read and play with them

Fathers can give their children an educational advantage at primary school by reading, drawing and playing with them, according to a newly published report.

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A network that spreads light and the role of thalamus in our brain

New research using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI, provides a better understanding of how light stimulates our brain and could provide new insights into how it works.

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Why are the brain's nerve cells organized into modules?

Scientists have revealed that the outer part of our brain (the cortex) is skilled at managing all the info it gets from the outside world thanks to special groups of nerve connections called modules, which work together but also independently.

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Let it flow: Recreating water flow for virtual reality

A research team has harnessed the power of deep reinforcement learning to replicate the flow of water when disturbed. The replication allowed for recreating water flow in real time based on only a small amount of data, opening up the possibility for virtual reality interactions involving water.

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How to keep people out of the emergency room

New research shows helping immigrants schedule primary-care appointments lowers their number of emergency-room visits.

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Artificial Intelligence tools shed light on millions of proteins

A research team has uncovered a treasure trove of uncharacterized proteins. Embracing the recent deep learning revolution, they discovered hundreds of new protein families and even a novel predicted protein fold.

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New blood marker can identify Parkinsonian diseases

Is it possible that a single biomarker can detect all types of diseases related to dopamine deficiency in the brain? Yes, that's what a research group is discovering. 'We have observed that an enzyme in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood is a useful marker for identifying all types of Parkinson's-related diseases with high accuracy,' says the study leader.

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RNA for the first time recovered from an extinct species

A new study shows the isolation and sequencing of more than a century-old RNA molecules from a Tasmanian tiger specimen preserved at room temperature in a museum collection. This resulted in the reconstruction of skin and skeletal muscle transcriptomes from an extinct species for the first time. The researchers note that their findings have relevant implications for international efforts to resurrect extinct species, including both the Tasmanian tiger and the woolly mammoth, as well as for studying pandemic RNA viruses.

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Women given new insight into blood clot risk

New research shows an increased risk of blood clots in women who have any combination of a particular gene mutation, estrogen use, or common medical conditions -- specifically: obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and kidney disease.

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Predictive model could improve hydrogen station availability

Consumer confidence in driving hydrogen-fueled vehicles could be improved by having station operators adopt a predictive model that helps them anticipate maintenance needs, according to researchers.

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Study shows nearly 300% increase in ADHD medication errors

Researchers investigated the characteristics and trends of out-of-hospital ADHD medication errors among people younger than 20 years old reported to U.S. poison centers from 2000 through 2021.

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Unlocking urban diversity: The magnetism of complex amenities

Diversity fuels prosperity in cities, but where do people from diverse backgrounds meet? A study now indicates that locations offering a range of rare shops and services may hold the key.

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Early treatment of child obesity is effective

The early treatment of obesity in children is effective in both the short and long term, researchers report.

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Brain-altering parasite turns ants into zombies at dawn and dusk

It takes over the brains of ants, causing them to cling to blades of grass against their will. The lancet liver fluke has an exceptional lifecycle strategy, in which snails, ants and grazing animals are unwitting actors. Researchers now reveal more about the mind-bending workings of this tiny parasite.

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Study shows replanting logged forests with diverse mixtures of seedlings accelerates restoration

• Twenty-year experiment finds that active replanting beats natural recovery for restoring logged tropical forests. • The higher the diversity of replanted tree species, the more quickly canopy area and biomass recovered. • Results emphasize the importance of preserving biodiversity in pristine forests and restoring it in recovering logged forest.

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Early treatment of child obesity is effective

The early treatment of obesity in children is effective in both the short and long term, researchers report.

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Brain inspires more robust AI

Most artificially intelligent systems are based on neural networks, algorithms inspired by biological neurons found in the brain. These networks can consist of multiple layers, with inputs coming in one side and outputs going out of the other. The outputs can be used to make automatic decisions, for example, in driverless cars. Attacks to mislead a neural network can involve exploiting vulnerabilities in the input layers, but typically only the initial input layer is considered when engineering a defense. For the first time, researchers augmented a neural network's inner layers with a process involving random noise to improve its resilience.

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Revolutionizing brain monitoring and stimulation with thin-film neural electrodes

Flexible thin-film electrodes placed directly on brain tissue show promise for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Thanks to an innovative yet straightforward design, these durable electrodes accurately match the mechanical properties of brain tissue, leading to better performance during electrocorticography recordings and targeted neural stimulation.

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Keeping the 'warm glow' of giving going significantly boosts repeat blood donations

New research has shown that boosting the 'warm glow' feeling that people experience after giving blood significantly increases repeat blood donations, which are essential for the effective running of any health service.

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Switching off the cytokine storm

Researchers provide essential insights on the molecular activation of the MAP kinase p38?, the final switch triggering the inflammatory response. Inflammation is a cellular coping mechanism when confronted with stress, such as an infection. However, too much inflammation can damage the functioning of cells and organs. This is the case with cytokine storms, inflammatory cascades that can lead to severe disease and death, recently highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results open up new directions to develop drugs to prevent cytokine storms and to study similar processes in two other families of MAP kinases, involved in cancer and Alzheimer's disease respectively.

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Malnutrition early in life sets stage for poor growth and early death

Malnutrition affects babies much earlier than thought, and more nutritional support is needed for mothers-to-be and their newborns to prevent disease, impaired cognition and death, according to new findings.

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Researchers present novel principle for nitric oxide-mediated signalling in blood vessels

Although a simple molecule, nitric oxide is an important signal substance that helps to reduce blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels. But how it goes about doing this has long been unclear. Researchers now present an entirely novel principle that challenges the Nobel Prize-winning hypothesis that the substance signals in its gaseous form.

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Tiny nanocarriers could prove the magic bullet for acne sufferers

It's a skin disorder that makes life miserable for around 800 million teenagers and adults worldwide, but cientists may have found an effective treatment for acne, delivered via tiny nanoparticles.

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How just one set of animal tracks can provide a wealth of information

Rock faces in Namibia are decorated with hundreds of stone-age images not only of animals and human footprints, but also of animal tracks. These have been largely neglected to date as researchers lacked the knowledge required to interpret them. Archaeologists have now worked together with animal tracking experts to investigate the engraved animal tracks on six rock faces in more detail, and were able to determine detailed information on the species, age, sex, limbs, side of the body, trackway and relative direction of the tracks.

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New evidence indicates patients recall death experiences after cardiac arrest

Up to an hour after their hearts had stopped, some patients revived by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) had clear memories afterward of experiencing death and had brain patterns while unconscious linked to thought and memory, report investigators.

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Tiny nanocarriers could prove the magic bullet for acne sufferers

It's a skin disorder that makes life miserable for around 800 million teenagers and adults worldwide, but cientists may have found an effective treatment for acne, delivered via tiny nanoparticles.

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Lack of maternal care affects development, microbiome and health of wild bees

Most wild bees are solitary, but one tiny species of carpenter bees fastidiously cares for and raises their offspring, an act that translates into huge benefits to the developing bee's microbiome, development and health, found researchers. Without maternal care the pathogen load of these developing bees ballooned -- 85 per cent of were fungi, while eight per cent were bacteria -- which can impact their microbiome, a critical component of bee health, as well as their development, immune system and gene expression.

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New method offers hope of fewer fractures

Thousands of people could be spared from a hip fracture each year if a new method to identify the risk of osteoporotic fractures were to be introduced in healthcare. This is the view of the researchers who are behind a new 3D-simulation method.

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Discovery of two potential Polar Ring galaxies suggests these stunning rare clusters might be more common than previously believed

These new detections suggest polar ring galaxies might be more common than previously believed.

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Could a breakdown in the brain's networks allow infections to contribute to Alzheimer's disease?

New data gives more evidence to the possibility that developing a pathobiome in the brain could cause some forms of Alzheimer's and related dementias.

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Plant-based food alternatives could support a shift to global sustainability

Replacing 50% of meat and milk products with plant-based alternatives by 2050 can reduce agriculture and land use related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 31% and halt the degradation of forest and natural land, according to new research.

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Risk of brain hemorrhage appears transmissible via blood transfusion

A major study suggests that a possible cause of spontaneous brain haemorrhage could be transmitted via blood transfusion. At the same time, it is very unlikely that anyone should suffer a brain haemorrhage after receiving donated blood.

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Your body's own cannabinoid molecules calm you during stress

When you're under stress, your brain may release its own cannabinoid molecules to calm you, activating the same brain receptors as THC derived from cannabis plants. But the brain activity regulated by these cannabinoid molecules were not well known. A new study in mice has discovered a key emotional brain center, the amygdala, releases cannabinoid molecules under stress that dampen the incoming stress alarm from the hippocampus, a memory and emotion center in the brain. The finding may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of stress-related disorders.

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Large amounts of sedentary time linked with higher risk of dementia in older adults, study shows

Researchers have used machine learning to explore the links between sedentary behavior and dementia, finding that the total time spent sedentary matters for brain aging.

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Movement sensors can detect disease in wild boar

Accelerometers reading the behavior of wild boars can pick up when animals are infected with a fatal virus.

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Nutrients drive cellular reprogramming in the intestine

Researchers have unveiled an intriguing phenomenon of cellular reprogramming in mature adult organs, shedding light on a novel mechanism of adaptive growth. The study, which was conducted on fruit flies (Drosophila), provides further insights into dedifferentiation -- where specialized cells that have specific functions transform into less specialized, undifferentiated cells like stem cells.

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Antidepressants may reduce negative memories while improving overall memory

New research finds that antidepressants may actually reduce negative memories in individuals suffering from depression while improving overall memory function.

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Nutrients drive cellular reprogramming in the intestine

Researchers have unveiled an intriguing phenomenon of cellular reprogramming in mature adult organs, shedding light on a novel mechanism of adaptive growth. The study, which was conducted on fruit flies (Drosophila), provides further insights into dedifferentiation -- where specialized cells that have specific functions transform into less specialized, undifferentiated cells like stem cells.

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Archaeologists reveal largest palaeolithic cave art site in Eastern Iberia

Archaeologists have discovered a major Palaeolithic cave art site, arguably the most important found on the Eastern Iberian Coast in Europe.

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Contours that kill: Geometry influences prey capture in carnivorous pitcher plants

Researchers have shown that the shape, size, and geometry of carnivorous pitcher plants determines the type of prey they trap.

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What do neurons, fireflies and dancing the Nutbush have in common?

Synchronicity is all around us, but it is poorly understood. Computer scientists have now developed new tools to understand how human and natural networks fall in and out of sync.

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These worms have rhythm

Researchers have developed a new imaging technique to observe active gene expression in real time. They found that four molecules work together to control the timing of each stage of the C. elegans worm's development. This timekeeping process could provide important clues about the natural rhythm of development in humans and other animals.

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New at-home test for gingivitis protects oral health

Engineers have developed a new device that can warn consumers about early risks of tooth decay from diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

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Exercise-induced hormone irisin may reduce Alzheimer's disease plaque and tangle pathology in the brain

Medical researchers have used a 3D human neural cell culture model to show that the exercise-induced muscle hormone, irisin, reduces the level of amyloid beta deposits associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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New at-home test for gingivitis protects oral health

Engineers have developed a new device that can warn consumers about early risks of tooth decay from diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

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Polymer that can be adapted to high and low temperature extremes created

Researchers have developed two closely related polymers that respond differently to high and low temperature thresholds, despite their similar design. The polymer pair could be used in applications in medicine, protein synthesis, protective coatings and other fields.

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Echoes of extinctions: Novel method unearths disruptions in mammal trait-environment relationships

New research explores the historical shifts in mammal traits and biodiversity loss in eastern Africa. The study reveals how environmental changes disrupted mammal communities and highlights the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to protect vulnerable species.

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A positive worldview is less associated with privilege than expected

A new study shows that counter to public perception, positive beliefs about the world are a poor indicator of a person's background.

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Dog diversity unveiled by international DNA database

An international consortium of scientists is using an unprecedentedly large database of canine DNA to take an unbiased look at how our furry friends evolved into the various breeds we know and love.

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A positive worldview is less associated with privilege than expected

A new study shows that counter to public perception, positive beliefs about the world are a poor indicator of a person's background.

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Researchers grow embryonic humanized kidneys inside pigs for 28 days

Researchers have successfully created chimeric embryos containing a combination of human and pig cells. When transferred into surrogate pig mothers, the developing humanized kidneys had normal structure and tubule formation after 28 days. This is the first time that scientists have been able to grow a solid humanized organ inside another species, though previous studies have used similar methods to generate human tissues such as blood or skeletal muscle in pigs.

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Researchers grow embryonic humanized kidneys inside pigs for 28 days

Researchers have successfully created chimeric embryos containing a combination of human and pig cells. When transferred into surrogate pig mothers, the developing humanized kidneys had normal structure and tubule formation after 28 days. This is the first time that scientists have been able to grow a solid humanized organ inside another species, though previous studies have used similar methods to generate human tissues such as blood or skeletal muscle in pigs.

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Stability inspection for West Antarctica shows: marine ice sheet is not destabilized yet, but possibly on a path to tipping

Antarctica's vast ice masses seem far away, yet they store enough water to raise global sea levels by several meters. A team of experts has now provided the first systematic stability inspection of the ice sheet's current state. Their diagnosis: While they found no indication of irreversible, self-reinforcing retreat of the ice sheet in West Antarctica yet, global warming to date could already be enough to trigger the slow but certain loss of ice over the next hundreds to thousands of years.

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How does the social behavior of wheat plants influence grain production?

Researchers have investigated how the behavior of an individual wheat plant under limiting light conditions influences the performance of the whole community. They assessed morphological and biomass phenotypes of single plants grown in mixtures under sunlight and a simulated canopy shade, and the relevance of these phenotypes for the monoculture community in the field.

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Multidrug-resistant bacterium emerging in community settings

New 'hypervirulent' strains of the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged in healthy people in community settings, prompting a research group to investigate how the human immune system defends against infection. After exposing the strains to components of the human immune system in a laboratory 'test tube' setting, scientists found that some strains were more likely to survive in blood and serum than others, and that neutrophils (white blood cells) are more likely to ingest and kill some strains than others.

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Linking two solar technologies is a win-win for efficiency and stability

Researchers have connected silicon and perovskite solar cells in a tandem device to protect the frail perovskite solar cell from voltage-induced breakdown while unlocking greater efficiencies than either cell can achieve on their own.

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3D-printed 'living material' could clean up contaminated water

A 'living material,' made of a natural polymer combined with genetically engineered bacteria, could offer a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to clean pollutants from water. Researchers developed their living material using a seaweed-based polymer and bacteria that have been programmed to produce an enzyme that transforms various organic pollutants into harmless compounds. In tests, heir material decontaminated water solutions tainted with a pollutant from textile manufacturing: indigo carmine, a blue dye that is used to color denim.

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Linking two solar technologies is a win-win for efficiency and stability

Researchers have connected silicon and perovskite solar cells in a tandem device to protect the frail perovskite solar cell from voltage-induced breakdown while unlocking greater efficiencies than either cell can achieve on their own.

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First-in-class targeted microRNA therapy slows cancer tumor growth

A new cancer therapy attacks tumors by tricking cancer cells into absorbing a snippet of RNA that naturally blocks cell division.

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First-in-class targeted microRNA therapy slows cancer tumor growth

A new cancer therapy attacks tumors by tricking cancer cells into absorbing a snippet of RNA that naturally blocks cell division.

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Toddlers learn to reason logically before they learn to speak, study finds

Nineteen-month-old toddlers already use natural logical thinking, even before they learn to speak, to deal with uncertainties about the world. This natural logic contributes to their learning process, both in terms of language and in other fields of knowledge, according to a new study.

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Toddlers learn to reason logically before they learn to speak, study finds

Nineteen-month-old toddlers already use natural logical thinking, even before they learn to speak, to deal with uncertainties about the world. This natural logic contributes to their learning process, both in terms of language and in other fields of knowledge, according to a new study.

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Blowing snow contributes to Arctic warming

Atmospheric scientists have discovered abundant fine sea salt aerosol production from wind-blown snow in the central Arctic, increasing seasonal surface warming.

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Extreme El Niño weather saw South America's forest carbon sink switch off

Tropical forests in South America lose their ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere when conditions become exceptionally hot and dry, according to new research. For a long time, tropical forests have acted as a carbon sink, taking more carbon out of the air than they release into it, a process that has moderated the impact of climate change. But new research found that in 2015 -- 2016, when an El Niño climate event resulted in drought and the hottest temperatures ever recorded, South American forests were unable to function as a carbon sink.

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ChatGPT is debunking myths on social media around vaccine safety, say experts

ChatGPT could help to increase vaccine uptake by debunking myths around jab safety, say the authors of a new study.

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Air pollution has decreased across the US, but new research finds health burdens remain unequal among racial groups

Health benefits that have resulted from reductions in fine particulate air pollution aren't distributed equally among populations in the U.S., a new Yale-led study finds. Racial and ethnic minorities -- and Black people in particular -- still experience disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease-related deaths caused by exposure to fine particulate matter, according to the research.

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Electrical noise stimulation applied to the brain could be key to boosting math learning

Exciting a brain region using electrical noise stimulation can help improve mathematical learning in those who struggle with the subject, according to a new study.

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Largest genetic study of epilepsy to date provides new insights on why epilepsy develops and potential treatments

The largest genetic study of its kind has discovered specific changes in our DNA that increase the risk of developing epilepsy and may inform the development of new treatments.

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A step closer to digitizing the sense of smell: Model describes odors better than human panelists

A main crux of neuroscience is learning how our senses translate light into sight, sound into hearing, food into taste, and texture into touch. Smell is where these sensory relationships get more complex and perplexing. To address this question, a research team are investigating how airborne chemicals connect to odor perception in the brain. They discovered that a machine-learning model has achieved human-level proficiency at describing, in words, what chemicals smell like.

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Electrical noise stimulation applied to the brain could be key to boosting math learning

Exciting a brain region using electrical noise stimulation can help improve mathematical learning in those who struggle with the subject, according to a new study.

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Burning candles and fumes from cooking is harmful for people with mild asthma

A new study shows that young individuals with even mild asthma should remember to turn ventilation all the way up when cooking or burning candles. The fumes can cause irritation and inflammation in the body.

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Precarious employment conditions can increase risk of early death

People without a secure job contract can likely reduce their risk of premature death by 20 per cent if they gain permanent employment, a study reports.

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Red blood cells exposed to oxygen deficiency protect against myocardial infarction

Red blood cells exposed to oxygen deficiency protect against myocardial infarction, according to a new study. The study also shows that the protective effect is enhanced by a nitrate-rich vegetable diet.

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Precarious employment conditions can increase risk of early death

People without a secure job contract can likely reduce their risk of premature death by 20 per cent if they gain permanent employment, a study reports.

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